Gaochang District, subordinate toXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionTurpan。It is the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan City and the location of Turpan Military Subarea.[1]be locatedXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionIn the east, it is located in the Tianshan branchBogda Shan At the southern foot,Turpan Basincentral section.East NeighborShanshan County, westTokson County；NanlianYuli County, northern boundaryUrumqi County、Jimsar County、Qitai County，[1]The total area is 13690 square kilometers.[41]As of October 2021, Gaochang District has jurisdiction over 4 streets, 6 towns and 3 townships.[3]By 2020, there will be 317443 permanent residents in Gaochang District (the seventh census).[42]The People's Government of Gaochang District is located at 690 Laocheng East Road, Laocheng Road Street.
According to the Northern History, Biography of the Western Regions, "In the old Han Dynasty, the military sent troops to the west, and the divisions and brigades were destitute. Among them, the most destitute were because they lived there. The terrain was high and open, people were prosperous, and they were named Gaochang".[6]In the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1886)Turpan Zhili HallIt governs the whole territory of Turpan Basin.In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1902)Shanshan County。In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936)Tokson County。[1]In 2015, Turpan was abolished and prefecture level was establishedTurpanThe original county-level Turpan was renamed Gaochang District.[2]It is a national historic and cultural city[4]Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tourism Demonstration Area.[40]
GDP of Gaochang District in 202113.246 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 70% (calculated at comparable prices, the same below).Including: the added value of the primary industry is 3.036 billion yuan, and the added value of the secondary industry is 2.711 billion yuan;The added value of the tertiary industry was 7.499 billion yuan, and the tertiary industrial structure was 22.9:20.5:56.6%.[8]
Chinese name
Gaochang District
Foreign name
Gaochang District
Alias
Gaochang
area number
six hundred and fifty thousand four hundred and two
Han Dynasty, the territory of Turpan today is Han DynastyCheshiguoPart of.The Han Dynasty and the Huns fought for the chariot division many times.In the second year of Shenjue (60 BC), Cheshi was officially incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty, which divided Cheshi into the former and the latter states.Cheshi, the capital of the former stateWuji XiaoweiHe is in charge of reclamation and stationed in Gaochang.Wang Mang, the Western RegionsHunIncome.In the 17th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (74), Cheshi belonged to the Han Dynasty again.
At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, Che Shi Wang still lived in Jiaohe, and Gaochang was Wuji's school.PrecoolingZhang Jun, setLong History of the Western RegionsAnd Wuji ColonelZhao ZhenIf you don't attach it, you will appoint yourself as the warden.roen 、High carAll have successively receivedTurpan Basin。Northern Wei Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Sui DynastyGao Changguo。
In the 14th year of Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty (640), PinggaochangXizhou, LinggaochangLiuzhong County、Jiaohe County, Tianshan MountainPuchang CountyFive counties, including Gaochang, Jiaohe and Tianshan, are located in the city.
At the turn of the Tang and Song dynastiesGaochang UighurThe main activity area of.Western Liao Dynasty, Gaochang Uighurs attached toWestern Liao Dynasty。
Early Qing Dynasty, ownershipJunggar Ministry。In the 44th year of Qianlong's reign (1779), the Minister of Exhibition Affairs was changed to the Minister of Turpan.In the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1886)Turpan Zhili HallIt governs the whole territory of Turpan Basin and is subordinate toZhendi Road。In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1902)Shanshan County, still underTurpan Hall。
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Zhili Hall of Turpan was changed to Turpan County.In the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920), it changed its official positionYanqi Taoism。In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936)Tokson County。In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), it was again subordinated to Dihua Administrative Region.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was subordinate to Dihua Administrative Office (later changed to Urumqi).
In 1958, Urumqi Prefecture was abolished, and Turpan County was under the direct jurisdiction of the autonomous region.
In 1969, Turpan County Revolutionary Committee was established, which is subordinate to Urumqi.
Gaochang District, located inXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionIn the east, it is located in the Tianshan branchBogda Shan At the southern foot,Turpan Basincentral section.It is between 88 ° 29'28 "~89 ° 54'33" east longitude and 42 ° 15 ′ 10 "~43 ° 35 ′ north latitude.East NeighborShanshan County；Westward connectionTokson County；Reaching Kuruktag in the south, adjacentYuli County；Bounded by Tianshan watershed in the north, the same asUrumqi CountyChangji PrefectureJimsar County、Qitai CountyBordering.The longest distance from north to south is about 262 kilometers, and the widest distance from east to west is about 90 kilometers,[1]The total area is 13690 square kilometers.[41]
People's Government of Gaochang District, Turpan City
geology
In Gaochang District, there are low mountains and slope plains in the north, flame mountains and salt mountains in the center, and slope plains or low-lying saline alkali lands in the south.The Permian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are found in Zhougu mountain system in the urban area.[10]
topographic features
Turpan Basin is the lowest inland basin in China.Surrounded by mountains on all sides, a long strip of deep depression is formed in the surrounding mountains.Gaochang District is located in the middle of the basin, with Tianshan Mountain in the north, Jueluotage Mountain and Kuruktag Mountain in the south, and the middleFlaming Mountain。The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, concave in the middle and the lowestLake EdinZone, 155m below sea level.Flaming Mountain divides Gaochang District into two parts horizontally from east to west.[1]
climate
Gaochang District is the most typical continental arid climate.Because it is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the terrain is low-lying, the airflow is blocked by high mountains, and the circulation flow is slow, so it is difficult to form clouds and rain, so the air is dry, cool in the morning and evening, and hot in the afternoon, and the temperature difference is wide.Due to different terrain, the climate is different from cool to hot. The northern mountain area has a cool climate and abundant rainfall. There are only two seasons of cold and warm in the whole year. The central part is hot and dry, with little rain and sufficient sunshine. The southern part is more desert, dry and less rain, and more hot. The surface temperature is generally between 75 ℃ and 80 ℃.[1]
soil
In Gaochang District, the influence of mountainous terrain and hydrothermal conditions in the north forms the vertical zoning of soil and vegetation.The soil type in the center of the basin is simple. Brown desert soil and residual saline soil are the most widely distributed soils in the basin.The horizontal differentiation rule is from north to south: brown desert soil, meadow soil, salinized meadow soil and saline soil. To the south, it is still brown desert soil, mainly distributed in the front of wind and sand. The land is compact, but it leaks water and fertilizer. The soil fertility is very low, and the production performance is extremely unstable. To a large extent, it is dominated by wind.[1]
vegetation
In Gaochang District, the vegetation is also vertically distributed.Alpine ice and snow belt is distributed in high mountain areas above 3500 meters above sea level.The alpine meadow vegetation belt is distributed in the alpine belt with an altitude of 3000-3500 meters. The main plants are Artemisia, Carex, and Alpine Thalictrum.Subalpine meadow forest vegetation belt. The subalpine meadow is distributed on the sunny slope of the mountain with an altitude of 2800-3000 meters, while the shady slope is distributed in a sheet shape with forest vegetation dominated by spruce.
The mountain grassland vegetation belt is distributed in the middle mountain belt with an altitude of 2500~2800 meters. The vegetation is mainly xerophytic tufted grass, and the main plants are wheatgrass, stipa, fallen grass, leafy onion, mountain onion, etc.The vegetation of mountain desert plain is distributed in the middle and low mountain areas with an altitude of 2100~2500 meters, and the main plants are Stipa psammophila and various artemisia.
The mountain desert vegetation belt is distributed in the low mountain belt at the base of the mountain with an altitude of 1700~2100 meters. The plants are mainly xerophytic shrubs and semi shrubs, mainly including chenopodium album, pseudoequisetum brevifolium, and overlord.Most of the desert vegetation belt is bare land, and only some gullies can see sparse ephedra, overlord, scattered crow onion and other plants.The lowland meadow vegetation is a hidden vegetation type, which is distributed in the plain lowland between the outer edge of the agricultural area and the Aiding Lake. The vegetation is the sparse leaf camel thorn community.[1]
natural resources
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water resource
In 2021, the total available water resources in Gaochang District will be 428 million cubic meters, and the total water consumption will be 412 million cubic meters, including 368 million cubic meters of agricultural water, 600 million cubic meters of industrial water, and 17 million cubic meters of domestic water.[8]
land resource
In 2014, the total area of administrative divisions in Gaochang District (including the 221st Regiment) was 13600 square kilometers, including 272200 mu of arable land, 318600 mu of garden land, 430400 mu of forest land, 4387800 mu of grassland, 208600 mu of urban and rural residential areas and industrial and mining land, 75400 mu of transportation land, 227900 mu of water area and water conservancy facilities land, and 14554900 mu of unused land.The protected area of basic farmland is 363000 mu, with a protection rate of 89%.[1]
Biological resources
In Gaochang District, rare wild animals include snow leopard, argali, snow chicken, etc.Plant growth is relatively sparse, but there are many varieties. There are more than 210 kinds of main trees, shrubs and grasses, and more than 180 kinds of medicinal plants, such as prickles, licorice, mulberries, and saussure grapes.[1]
mineral resources
Gaochang District is rich in mineral resources, with 39 kinds of proven minerals.Energy minerals include oil, natural gas, coal and uranium;There are 9 kinds of metal minerals, including iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, selenium and gallium;Non metallic minerals include salt, mirabilite, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, magnesium salt, potassium salt, gypsum, pyrite, boron, phosphorus, marble, dolomite, limestone, shale for cement ingredients, sandstone (quartz sandstone for glass, sandstone for cement ingredients), perlite, calcite ore, graphite, asbestos, quartzite for glass, kaolin, ceramic clay, clay for brick, sand for constructionThere are 26 kinds of groundwater and mineral water.148 ore producing areas (excluding oil, natural gas and uranium) have been found, including 7 large deposits, 10 medium deposits and 37 small deposits.The advantageous minerals include oil, coal, axle, copper, rock salt, mirabilite, potassium nitrate, decorative marble, etc.
Gaochang District is divided into 7 Grade III metallogenic belts and 11 Grade N metallogenic sub belts. It has broad prospects for mineral resources and is one of the areas rich in coal, copper, gold, iron and other important minerals in the autonomous region.The basic reserve of coal is 74402000 tons, that of copper is 13862000 tons, that of salt mine is 339077000 tons, and that of limestone for cement is 17523000 tons.[1]
Population and nationality
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By 2020, according to the results of the seventh national population census, there are 317443 permanent residents in Gaochang District.[42]
Economics
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overview
GDP of Gaochang District in 202113.246 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 70% (calculated at comparable prices, the same below).Of which, the added value of the primary industry was 3.036 billion yuan, up 8.8%;The added value of the secondary industry was 2.711 billion yuan, up 8.0%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 7.499 billion yuan, up 6.1%.The three industrial structure was adjusted from 22.8:19.0:58.2 in the previous year to 22.9:20.5:56.6%.The per capita GDP was 41508 yuan, an increase of 6.5% over the previous year.
In 2021, the consumer price (CPI) of Gaochang District will rise by 1.2% over the same period of the previous year.Including: food prices rose by 0.2%;The service price increased by 0.5%.The retail price of commodities rose by 2.1%.[8]
People's life
In 2021, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Gaochang District will be 35585 yuan, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year, and an actual increase of 4.2% after deducting price factors.Of which: wage income was 27006 yuan, up 4.5%;Net operating income was 4133 yuan, up 19.3%;Net property income was 956 yuan, down - 21.9%;The net transfer income was 3490 yuan, up 8.1%.
The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 16966 yuan, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year, and the real increase was 6.5% after deducting price factors.Including: wage income of 5414 yuan, up 18.2%;Net operating income was 9095 yuan, up 6.7%;Net property income was 456 yuan, down - 38.0%;The net transfer income was 2001 yuan, up 5.3%.
The per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 25579 yuan, up 32.1%, and after deducting price factors, the actual growth was 30.5%;The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 13634 yuan, up 16.9%, and the real growth was 15.5% after deducting price factors.The Engel coefficient of all households is 20.4%, including 16.8% in cities and towns;25.5% in rural areas.[8]
Investment in fixed assets
In 2021, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) in Gaochang District will increase by 17.0% over the previous year.Among the fixed asset investment, the investment in the primary industry increased 6.6 times over the previous year;Investment in the secondary industry increased by 19.6%;Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 10.5%.Private fixed asset investment increased by 79.9%.Infrastructure investment increased by 58.8%.Investment in the six high energy consuming industries increased by 14.6%.
Investment in real estate development was 1.054 billion yuan, up 9.2% over the previous year.Among them, the residential investment was 649 million yuan, up 49.9%;The investment in office buildings was 19 million yuan, up 67.5%;Investment in commercial business housing was 329 million yuan, down 34.9%;Other investment was 57 million yuan, up 2.6 times.
The housing construction area was 1.5934 million square meters, an increase of 8.2%, including 885200 square meters of residential area, an increase of 14.1%.The completed housing area was 18800 square meters, down 79.5%, of which the completed residential area was 9700 square meters, down 88.8%.The sales area of commercial housing was 100700 square meters, an increase of 78.0%, of which the sales area of residential housing was 84400 square meters, an increase of 81.7%.The sales volume of commercial housing was 401 million yuan, up 80.2%.[8]
finance
In 2021, the general public budget revenue of Gaochang District will be 1.258 billion yuan, an increase of 12.4%.Among them, the tax revenue was 612 million yuan, up 12.4%.In terms of tax distribution, VAT revenue was 240 million yuan, up 19.1%;Corporate income tax was 4950 yuan, up 18.5%;Individual income tax was 20.79 million yuan, down 8.1%;Resource tax revenue was 24.64 million yuan, up 55.5%.Non tax income was 646 million yuan, up 12.4%.
The general public budget expenditure was 3.414 billion yuan, down 3.0%, of which the general public service expenditure was 325 million yuan, down 7.6%;Education expenditure was 710 million yuan, up 0.5%;Culture, tourism, sports and media expenditure was 74.16 million yuan, an increase of 4.9 times;Expenditure on social security and employment was 372 million yuan, up 7.4%;Health expenditure was 382 million yuan, up 38.2%;Energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure was 67.8 million yuan, up 13.1%;Urban and rural community expenditure was 200 million yuan, down 18.0%.
In 2021, 2119 shantytowns in Gaochang District will be reconstructed, with an investment of 650 million yuan.56 new investment projects were signed, with 4.794 billion yuan in place, up 97.6% year on year.[8]
primary industry
In 2021, the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Gaochang District will reach 5.001 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1% (calculated at comparable prices, the same below).Of which, the agricultural output value was 4.23 billion yuan, up 9.2%;The forestry output value was 43.9 million yuan, up 6.8%;The output value of animal husbandry was 486 million yuan, up 18.0%;The fishery output value was 3.32 million yuan, up 3.8%;The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services was 238 million yuan, up 12.7%.
In 2021, the area of crops sown (including reseeding and interplanting) in Gaochang District will be 301200 mu, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year.Among them, the vegetable planting area was 59900 mu, down 5.3%;The planting area of melons and fruits was 128400 mu, up 15.0%;The cotton planting area was 1320 mu, up 1.5%;The grain planting area is 3594 mu;The planting area of Dayun is 81500 mu, up 0.6%.The forest and fruit planting area was 312000 mu, an increase of 1.2%, including 28400 mu of grape planting area, an increase of 0.8%.
In 2021, the grain output of Gaochang District will be 1795 tons, an increase of 19.7%;The cotton output was 114 tons, up 0.9%;Vegetable output was 180000 tons, up 0.2%;352400 tons of melons and fruits, up 10.2%;The output of Dayun was 14700 tons, up 61.2%.The output of forest fruits was 642100 tons, up 19.0%, including 632300 tons of grapes, up 19.2%.
In 2021, Gaochang District will have 401700 livestock on hand, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year.277300 livestock were sold, down 17.3%.The total output of meat was 7520 tons, up 13.9% over the previous year.Among them, the output of pork was 810 tons, an increase of 102.5%;The mutton output was 2090 tons, down 40.3%;The beef output was 4440 tons, up 77.6%;Milk output was 1040 tons, up 4.5%;Egg production was 510 tons, down 14.6%.
In 2021, Gaochang District will harvest 1827 cubic meters of logs.The water-saving irrigation area is 367800 mu.The total power of agricultural machinery was 319500 kilowatts, up 0.5%.It has 1937 small tractors, 1043 medium tractors and 79 large tractors.The application amount of chemical fertilizer (converted into pure fertilizer) was 10000 tons, down 0.1%.Rural electricity consumption was 533 million kilowatt hours, up 2.7%.[8]
the secondary industry
Industry
In 2021, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Gaochang District will be 1.599 billion yuan, an increase of 21.6% over the same period of the previous year.In light and heavy industries, light industry increased by 23.1%;Heavy industry grew by 21.4%.By industry, the added value of the mining industry increased by 50.5% over the same period of the previous year;The added value of manufacturing industry increased by 17.8%;The added value of power and heat production and supply industries increased by 17.0%.
In the next major industries above designated size, oil, coal and other fuel processing industries increased by 63.9%;Coal mining and washing industry increased by 52.3%;The textile industry grew by 41.2%;Non ferrous metal mining and processing industry increased by 28.5%;Power and heat production and supply industries increased by 18.1%;Gas production and supply increased by 9.3%;Non metallic mineral products industry increased by 5.2%;Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry declined by 27.8%;Non metallic ore mining and dressing industry increased by 3.0%;Net growth of ferrous metal mining and dressing industry.
The added value of six high energy consuming industries, including non-metallic mineral products industry, power and heat production and supply industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, and oil, coal and other fuel processing industry, increased by 17.0%, accounting for 65.9% of the added value of industries above designated size.
The output of 18 of the 28 industrial products in the statistics increased by 64.3%.
In 2021, the production and sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size in Gaochang District will be 98.7%, 2.1 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, with an operating revenue of 5.359 billion yuan, up 36.6%;The total profit was 342 million yuan, an increase of 64.9% over the previous year.By category, the total profit of the mining industry was 141 million yuan, an increase of 290.2% over the previous year;58.55 million yuan for manufacturing industry;The production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water reached 142 million yuan, down 50.7%.The cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 77.94 yuan, an increase of 2.91 yuan over the previous year;The operating income profit margin was 6.38%, 1.09 percentage points higher than the same period of the previous year.The asset liability ratio of enterprises above designated size was 75.3%, up 3.3 percentage points over the previous year.[8]
construction business
In 2021, the added value of the construction industry in Gaochang District will be 1.041 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year.There were 17 enterprises with construction industry qualification level, and the profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises was 36.46 million yuan, down 11.5% from the previous year.The profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels was 36.46 million yuan, down 11.5% from the previous year.[8]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
Service industry
In 2021, the added value of the tertiary industry in Gaochang District will be 7.499 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the same period of the previous year.Including: the added value of wholesale and retail trade was 433 million yuan, up 3.5%;The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 1.128 billion yuan, up 13.7%;The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 329 million yuan, up 42.8%;The added value of the financial industry was 596 million yuan, down 1.4%;The added value of other service industries was 4.172 billion yuan, up 3.5%.The operating revenue of service enterprises above designated size was 1.212 billion yuan, up 0.7% year on year.[8]
Domestic trade
In 2021, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Gaochang District will be 3.667 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6% over the previous year.According to the statistics of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 3.153 billion yuan, up 13.3%;Retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 514 million yuan, up 66.3%.By industry, the retail sales of consumer goods in the wholesale industry were 1.523 billion yuan, up 20.9%;Retail sales of consumer goods in the retail industry reached 1.356 billion yuan, up 12.3%;The retail sales of consumer goods in the accommodation industry were 66.21 million yuan, up 77.9%;Retail sales of consumer goods in the catering industry reached 721 million yuan, up 22.7%.
Among the retail sales of commodities above the designated size, grain, oil and food declined by 29.7%;Beverages declined by 30.6%;Tobacco and alcohol decreased by 32.3%;Clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear and textiles declined by 33.9%;Cosmetics decreased by 52.1%;Daily use category decreased by 45.9%;Hardware and electrical materials decreased by 73.9%;Sports and entertainment products decreased by 35.1%;Books, newspapers and magazines increased by 17.7%;Household appliances and audio-visual equipment increased by 42.1%;Chinese and western medicines increased by 15.0%;Cultural and office supplies declined by 54.0%;Furniture decreased by 100.0%;Communication equipment decreased by 97.3%;Oil and products increased by 19.8%, electromechanical products and equipment decreased by 2.9%, and automobile increased by 48.1%.[8]
Foreign economy
In 2021, the total import and export volume of goods in Gaochang District will be 17.295 million US dollars, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year.Including: export of USD 17002000, up 7.0%;Imports were 293000 US dollars, down 45.5%.The goods import and export surplus (exports minus imports) was US $16.709 million, an increase of US $1.353 million over the previous year.[8]
finance
In 2021, the balance of deposits of financial institutions in Gaochang District will be 14.846 billion yuan, 880 million yuan more than the beginning of the year, and 5.3% more than the same period last year.Among them, household deposits were 8.381 billion yuan, up 7.4%, and non-financial enterprise deposits were 1.963 billion yuan, down 0.6%.The balance of various loans of financial institutions was 12.761 billion yuan, an increase of 913 million yuan over the beginning of the year and 9.0% over the same period of the previous year, including 2.90 billion yuan of household loans, an increase of 8.0%;Loans to non-financial enterprises and institutions reached 9.86 billion yuan, up 9.3%.[8]
In 2021, the highway passenger traffic volume of Gaochang District will be 60900 person times, down 24.1%, and the passenger turnover volume will be 5133200 person kilometers, down 28.2% over the previous year.The number of motor vehicles (including tricycles and low-speed trucks) was 59700, down 16.4% from the previous year.Among them: 36472 cars, up 15.0%.Among all kinds of vehicles, the number of personal cars was 42900 (including tricycles and low-speed trucks), up 11.1%.[8]
Politics
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Secretary of the District Party Committee:Shan Liping
In 2021, Gaochang District will have 62 schools of all kinds (excluding kindergartens, the same below), 15201 students, 59183 students and 13189 graduates.Among them, there is one higher vocational school with 1745 students enrolled, 4622 students in school and 699 graduates.[8]
Science and technology
In 2021, Gaochang District will have 17 autonomous region level new science and technology projects, including 11 key research and development projects and 6 demonstration projects for transformation of scientific and technological achievements.It has 5 research and technology development institutions affiliated to departments above county level, including 5 natural science research and technology development institutions.Two engineering technology research centers have been listed.It has 4 high-tech enterprises, 3 productivity promotion centers, 6 Starworld and 8 maker spaces.[8]
Cultural undertakings
National tertiary cultural centers:Turpan Cultural Center.[15]National secondary library:Library of Gaochang District, Turpan City.National tertiary libraries:Turpan Library.[16]
medical and health work
In 2021, there will be 170 health institutions in Gaochang District, including 14 hospitals and health centers, 1 women's and family planning center, 2 outpatient departments, 52 clinics and infirmaries, and 70 village clinics.There are 1434 health technicians in Gaochang District, including 378 licensed doctors, 109 licensed assistant doctors and 556 registered nurses.There are 1000 beds, including 577 in Gaochang District People's Hospital.There is one disease prevention and control center and 30 health technicians from the disease prevention and control center.There are 13 township hospitals and community health service centers, 439 health technicians and 423 beds in township hospitals and community health service centers.[1]
social security
In 2021, there will be 61044 people in Gaochang District participating in the basic endowment insurance for urban employees, an increase of 2315 people over the previous year.144461 people participated in the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents, an increase of 20092 people.262820 people participated in basic medical insurance, a decrease of 12660 people.Among them, 53524 people participated in basic medical insurance for employees, a decrease of 1788;209296 people participated in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, a decrease of 10872 people.33246 people participated in unemployment insurance, an increase of 611 people.41412 people participated in industrial injury insurance, an increase of 2779 people.35895 people participated in maternity insurance, a decrease of 1306 people.
In 2021, Gaochang District will have 3 social service institutions providing accommodation, 248 beds, and 560 adoptions.10120 people received the government's minimum living security, including 1775 urban residents, 286 more than the previous year;The number of rural residents with subsistence allowances was 8345, 1551 fewer than the previous year.[8]
Historical culture
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Origin of place names
According to the Northern History, Biography of the Western Regions, "In the old Han Dynasty, the military sent troops to the west, and the divisions and brigades were destitute. Among them, the most destitute were because they lived there. The terrain was high and open, people were prosperous, and they were named Gaochang".[6]
Intangible cultural heritage
Uygur mulberry paper making technique
Uygur mulberry paper making technique, the traditional skills of Turpan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and one of the national intangible cultural heritage.
Uighur mulberry paper is made from the inner bark of mulberry branches. The inner bark of mulberry branches is sticky, and the fiber is smooth and delicate. It is easy to process. After exploitation, soaking, boiling, pounding, fermentation, filtration, molding, drying, rough grinding and other processes, it can be made into mulberry paper.The paper is divided into high, medium and low grades, and is widely used.[17]
Xinjiang Uygur has a long history of weaving, printing and dyeing skills, among which flowered felt and printed and dyed cloth are the most famous.According to the traditional customs of the Uygur people, the house should be carefully decorated wherever you look. Wool felt is one of the traditional handicrafts for house decoration.[19]
Willow weaving (Uygur branch weaving)The traditional art of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is one of the national intangible cultural heritage.
Uygur branch weaving is a traditional knitting handicraft popular in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.According to historical records and a large number of tree baskets and arrow bags unearthed from ancient tombs, this technique has a history of nearly 3000 years in Turpan.
The materials used for Uygur branch weaving mainly include elm branch, red willow branch, poplar branch, mulberry branch, willow branch, etc.It is an important embodiment of Uygur traditional culture and has research value in sociology, ethnology, folk craft history, etc.[20]
Karez excavation technique, the traditional skills of Turpan in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and one of the national intangible cultural heritage.
KarezIt is an ancient water conservancy project for the development and utilization of groundwater in arid areas, with a history of more than 2000 years.As an important agricultural cultural heritage in China, it still plays a role in the agricultural irrigation system in Turpan, Hami and other places.
Karez includes four main components: shaft, underground channel (underground channel), open channel (surface channel) and waterlogging dam (small reservoir).It has the advantages of ingenious design, excellent conception, self flowing water intake, no power consumption, stable flow, not affected by seasons, buried underground, and preventing water evaporation. It is known as one of the miracles of ancient Chinese civilization.[22]
Uighur molding earthenware firing technique, withthe Silk RoadThe opening up of the, during which continuous development and innovation.Earthen pottery can be divided into plain pottery, plain glazed pottery and colored glazed pottery.The production process includes preparing soil, mixing mud, stuffy mud, kneading mud, modeling, glazing, firing, processing, etc. The modeling and style of the finished products are distinctive.[24]
Gaochang District has 7 national key cultural relics protection units, 14 autonomous region level cultural relics protection units and 104 municipal level cultural relics protection units.There are 15 tourist attractions and 6 A-level tourist attractions in the municipal area, including 1 5A tourist attraction (Putaogou tourist attraction), 3 4A tourist attractions (Flaming Mountain Scenic Area, Karez Well Amusement Park, Karez Well Folk Garden), 2 3A tourist attractions (Desert Art Museum, Desert Botanical Garden), and 2 national agricultural tourism demonstration sites (Putaogou tourist attraction, Karez Well Folk Garden).[1]
iduqut shahri
iduqut shahri Sanbao Township, located in the Mubugou River Delta at the southern foot of the Flaming Mountain and more than 40 kilometers east of Turpan City, with a total area of 2 million square meters, is the largest ancient city site in the Western Regions.
The ancient city of Gaochang is a rectangle with a circumference of 5.4 kilometers and a total area of about 200 hectares. It is divided into three parts: the outer city, the inner city and the palace city.Abandoned in the war at the end of the 13th century, most of the buildings disappeared.It is the political and cultural center in the history of Gaochang.It is an important town in the Western Regions with a special relationship with the central government. Among the existing Han and Tang city sites in Xinjiang, it is the only ancient city site that has preserved the triple city wall and the original scale of the city wall. It is an important example of ramming earth to build a city in China, and has important academic value for the research of various disciplines.[6]On March 4, 1961, the old city of Gaochang was announced by the State Council asThe first batch of national key cultural relics protection units。[7]
Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves , located at the foot of Flaming Mountain, 45km to the east of Turpan, on the cliff on the west bank of Mu Mu Gou.There are 83 caves, 57 of which are extant.Among them, there are more than 40 murals, with a total area of 1200 square meters. It is the largest group of caves and the richest murals among the existing caves in Turpan, and it is one of the larger Buddhist cave temple sites in Xinjiang.
Bozikrik Thousand Buddha Cave, which was excavated in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, has been the Buddhist center in Gaochang area for seven centuries in the Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan dynasties.Gaochang of the Uighurs was the most prosperous period of the grottoes.At the end of the 13th century, the Gaochang royal family moved eastward to GansuYongchang, plusIslamismAfter it was introduced to Turpan, the religion gradually declined, and the Baizikrik Thousand Buddha Cave declined, which was destroyed in the pagan conflict.[25]On February 23, 1982, Baizikrik Thousand Buddha Cave was announced by the State Council asThe second batch of national key cultural relics protection units。[26]
Taizang Pagoda Site
Taizang Pagoda Site, located about 40 kilometers east of Turpan, and about 1 km south of the old city of Gaochang.It is a Buddhist building in the Gaochang Kingdom.Taizang Pagoda is the largest single Buddhist building found in Xinjiang.[27]On June 25, 2001, the site of Taizang Pagoda was announced by the State Council asThe fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units。[28]
Karez
KarezIt is one of the representatives of large-scale water conservancy projects in ancient China, and has important scientific and academic value for studying the history of water conservancy in the Western Regions and the social economy of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty.There are 1108 karez in Turpan, with a total length of more than 5000 kilometers.[27]On May 25, 2006, Karez was announced by the State Council asThe sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units。[29]
Baixiha Thousand Buddha Cave
Boxiha Thousand Buddha Cave is located in a small gully on the north slope of Flaming Mountain in the south of Mugugou Village, Shengjin Township, Turpan City,Bezkrik Grottoes2.5 kilometers to the northwest.It was built by the Uighurs in the 10th century.[30]In 2013, it was announced by the State Council asThe seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units。[31]
Local specialty
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Turpan grape
Turpan grape , a specialty of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Grapes have been planted in Turpan Basin for more than 2000 years. Turpan is particularly suitable for the growth of grapes because of its high temperature, long sunshine time and large temperature difference between day and night, so it has abundant fruits and melons. Turpan has rich underground water reserves due to its unique geographical location, so the sugar content of fruits is very high.There are more than 500 varieties of grapes, such as seedless white, red, black, rose fragrant, and white Blake. There are 20 varieties of seedless white grapes alone, with sugar content as high as 22% - 24%.It can be called "World Vineyard".[32]
On June 25, 2003, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China approved the protection of geographical indication products for "Turpan Grapes".[37]
Turpan wine
Turpan wine, a specialty of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is a product of national geographical indication in China.
Turpan wine has been used for more than 2500 years.According to Records of the Historian:“FerghanaWine is made with grapes, and the rich people can collect thousands of stones of wine. Those who have been rich for decades will not be defeated.Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions as an envoy to introduce Turpan's grapes and wine brewing technology into the Central Plains, so Turpan is known as the birthplace of Chinese wine.[34]
On December 4, 2015, the former AQSIQ approved the protection of geographical indication products for "Turpan wine".[33]
Turpan cockfighting
Turpan cockfighting, a specialty of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Turpan cockfighting is one of the three major cockfighting strains in China.The meat has high collagen content and low fat content. The meat is delicious and chewy, which is popular with consumers.[35]
On December 27, 2012, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) approved the protection of geographical indication products for "Turpan cockfighting".[36]
Turpan black sheep
Turpan black sheep, a specialty of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Turpan Black Sheep has formed a climate of Turpan Basin that is suitable for hot summer, cold winter and windy sand under long-term breeding;It can tolerate the forage plants with more crude fiber, strong lignification, prickly, salt alkali resistance and drought resistance, and can rapidly fatten and grow, becoming a local excellent sheep breed.[35]
On December 27, 2012, the former AQSIQ approved the protection of geographical indication products for "Turpan Black Sheep".[36]
Turpan raisins
Turpan raisins, Xinjiang specialty, China's national geographical indication product.
Raisins are the fruit of grapes dried in the sun or in the shade. The fruit used for raisins must be mature.The water content in raisins is only 15-25%, and the fructose content is as high as 60%, so it is very sweet and can be preserved for a long time.
Turpan is the main grape production base in China, with the total output accounting for 52.84% of Xinjiang and one fifth of China.The raisins made from seedless grapes in Turpan, Xinjiang, are the most famous. Turpan has a hot and dry climate. There are many wall holes on the four walls of the brick drying room, and in the middle is a bracket made of wooden sticks. The ripe seedless grapes are put up, and high-quality raisins can be quickly obtained through the hot wind.Turpan grapes are famous for their sweet juice, thick meat and thin skin, while raisins are just the opposite.
On June 25, 2003, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) approved the protection of "Turpan raisins" as products of local origin.[37]
Honorary title
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In 2007, Gaochang District was selected as a national historic and cultural city.[4]
In 2018, Gaochang District was selected into the fourth batch of "National Advanced Units for the Establishment of Legal County".[38]
In 2019, Gaochang District was selected as a typical rural innovation and entrepreneurship county in China.[5]
In 2020, Gaochang District will be selected as the whole region tourism demonstration area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.[40]
In 2022, Gaochang District will be selected as a demonstration county for the construction of a national intellectual property strong county.[39]
In January 2024, it was named the eleventh batch of national unity and progress demonstration units.[43]
