Gao Shiqi(November 1, 1905 to December 19, 1988), formerly known as Gao Shi, was born in Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian Min County (today's Fuzhou City).[7-8]Famous Chinese scientistPopular science writerandSocial activists, ChinaMaster of Science PopularizationPioneer and founder of science popularization.[1-2][5]
Graduated in 1925Tsinghua UniversityIn 1927University of ChicagoBachelor of Chemistry.In 1930, he graduated from the University of Chicago Medical Research Institute.He returned to China in 1931 and served successively as the Central HospitalClinical LaboratoryDirector, Technical Advisor of Guilin Allied Services Office, Director of Food Research Institute, Deputy Editor in Chief of Natural Science, and First level Researcher.
Deputies to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth National People's Congress, consultants and standing members of China Association for Science and Technology, Chinapolular scienceHonorary President of Creative Writers Association, NationalFederation of Literary and Art Circlescommittee member,Chinese Writers AssociationMember of the National Committee for the Protection of Children.He began to publish works in 1934.Joined in 1952Chinese Writers Association。
Gao Shiqi's scientific sketches are vivid, lively, vivid and fresh.
For example, Gao Shiqi wrote the scientific sketch "Listen to the girl playing flower drum"mosquitoIn the article "Zi", the author skillfully used Fengyang flower drum tune to write about the harm of mosquitoes andworking peoplestayold societyThe pain of, has a strong artistic appeal:
Content introduction: Comrade Gao Shiqi, a famous popular science writer in China, has written a lot since the 1930sScience and artandPopular Science WorksIt is very popular among readers, especially young people.The last episode contains the author's works before liberation, mainly from“Autobiography of Juner”, "Bacteria and People", "Anti Japanese War and Epidemic Prevention", "Capturing the Little Devil", etc.The next collection contains the author's works after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which are divided into two parts: popular science works and scientific sketches.These works, in various forms, are easy to understand, fascinating to read, and popularscientific knowledgeAnd enlighten the readers.
Content introduction: Gao Shiqi is a contemporary ChineseBacteriologistAnd famous popular science writers.His popular science works, especially those on the subject of bacterial life, are well known and become a model for the harmonious combination of scientific content and literary form.Since the 1930s, Gao Shiqi has created a large number of popular science works andScientific poetry, and promote the creation theory of popular science in ChinaScience popularizationHe made outstanding contributions to his career.
The Complete Works of Gao Shiqi consists of four volumes.The first volume is popular science creation before 1949;The second volume is popular science creation after 1949;The third volume is Gao Shiqi's poems written all his life;The fourth volume is Gao Shiqi's theses, speeches, inscriptions and memoirs written in his later years.
Most of the works of Collected Works of Gao Shiqi have been published in the past;The fourth volume of his memoirs was written by Gao Shiqi himself from 1981 to 1985. It was never published in the press. This time, it was sorted out and published in the complete works for the first time.
The editing and publishing of the Collected Works of Gao Shiqi has received the concern and strong support of people from all walks of life.Ice coreComrade wrote the preface himself.Comrade Kang Keqing published an inscription for this book. With the consent of Comrade Fang Yi and Mr. Zhou Peiyuan, Fang Yi's speech at the conference "Celebrating the 50th Anniversary and 80th Birthday of Gao Shiqi's Science Popularization and Literary Creation" and Zhou Peiyuan's article "Model of Chinese Intellectuals" recalling Gao Shiqi were included in the complete collection.The collation and publication of the complete works were carried out byChina Institute of Popular ScienceDeputy DirectorGuo ZhengyiChaired by the researcher and edited byeditor Comrade Zheng Baipeng andGao ZhiqiComrades complete.
Gao Shiqi's Selected Fairy Tales/The Second Series of Chinese Library is a book published by People's Literature Publishing House. The author is Gao Shiqi.
A poem about scientific knowledge.Scientific poetry is the product of the combination of science and poetry. It expresses scientific knowledge in a popular, vivid and interesting way with visual thinking and personification. It has artistic image and scientific knowledge, and is a tool for popularizing scientific knowledge.
Literature is human science, and children's literature is the literature at the beginning of man.Man's nature at birth is good.Children's literature is the earliest literature accepted in life. Those children's literature works that have deeply touched children will be unforgettable and beneficial for life.In today's era of diversified media, we especially need to promote literary reading to children.Literary reading is different from the reading of knowledge books, picture books and textbooks.Literature is full of flesh and blood characters and fresh personalities
"Food, clothing, housing and transportation of bacteria" is a biological book published by Gao Shiqi in Beijing Press in January 1970.The book is divided into five chapters, including introduction, life of "king", life of "ant", struggle between king and ant, and other troublemakers.
The Adventures of the Bacterial World is a book published on January 1, 2012 by Gao Shiqi.The book mainly tells an interesting story about "I" who accidentally drank a liquid that can make people smaller to the size of one billionth of a millimeter, and can make an adventure in the bacterial world.
Standing in the Sun of Science is a book published by Gao Shiqi, Beijing Publishing House, Beijing Publishing Group in 2010.This book is easy to understand and popularized to make the public understand science and public health.To achieve the purpose and purpose of changing bad habits, healthy life, changing customs and civilized society.
Gao Shiqi, formerly known as Gao Shixuan, nicknamed Yi Jia,Min County(Today's Fuzhou City)Aofeng Square。He picked up a pen from 1935 toAisiqiEditor in chief《Reading life》SemimonthlyHe wrote scientific sketches and signed "Gao Shiqi" when the articles were published.When his friends asked about the motivation of the name change, he explained: "Throw away 'people' and don't become officials, and throw away 'gold' and don't pay." In 1918, he was admitted to the Tsinghua Preparatory School in Beiping to study in the United States, and won medals for excellence in English, Mandarin, chemistry, and natural history.
In 1927, he graduated with a bachelor's degree. Just as Gao Shiqi was preparing to apply for the postgraduate examination in Chemistry Department, Gao Shiqi's sister suddenly died of illness, so he transferred to the University of Chicago Medical Research Institute to studybacteriology。Once in researchencephalitisVirusesIn the process ofviral infectionSince then, he has left a lifelong disability, but he still insists on completing the doctoral program of the Medical Research Institute.During the semester, he was elected to the University of ChicagoInternational studentsDelegates to the annual meeting, joiningAmerican Chemical SocietyAnd the Institute of Public Health.[3]
In 1930, Gao Shiqi deliberately took a German cruise ship from New York and made a detourEurasianWhat he saw and heard on the way back home from more than a dozen countries broadened his horizon, and at the same time, he had a deeper experience of the motherland anddeveloped countryAnd their generation of scholarsHistorical mission。
After returning to China, his family, relatives, friends, classmates and teachers all urged him to cure his illness before working. He witnessed the epidemic in various places and was rampant, killing hundreds of people every dayClinical LaboratoryDirector.
old societyOur hospital is a "shop plus yamen" style government and business organization, just as a folk song said: "The hospital gate is open in all directions, so don't come in if you are sick or have no money!" Gao Shiqi saw the corruption and darkness of the old hospital, and didn't even solve the problem of buying a usable microscope, so he resigned angrily.
Gao Shiqi became aUnemployed。But he didn't want to go back to his father's house, for fear that his parents would see him sad when he was so ill, and live with the friends he met when he was studying in the United StatesLi GongpuIn his family, he made a living by translating, writing and tutoring.Later, Li Gongpu introduced him to the famous educator who was advocating the "science popularization movement"educational theorist and reformerAt the invitation of Mr. Tao XingzhiDai Botao、Dong ChuncaiAnd so on.
In 1935, Li Gongpu founded“Reading lifeGao Shiqi moved to the "Reading Life Club", where he met the deputy editor of "Reading Life"《Popular philosophy》Ai Siqi, a young philosopher, has become a close friend.Under the influence of Asiqi, he often reads some progressive books and magazines, and realizes that the evil old society is a cannibalism“The Great Demon King”Is more hateful than the "little devil king" who took his brother and sister's life and made him seriously ill. To eliminate the "little devil king"FirstThe elimination of the "Great Demon King" has made a leap in ideology.
At this time, Chen Wangdao《Too white》The magazine has just started publication.One day, he saw a new column in this magazine: "Scientific Essays", and an article on scientific essays. He turned it over curiously, which attracted him.In particular, an article on "Talking about Dogs" written by Keshi (Zhou Jianren)“Running dog”The description is incisive and incisive, and the scolding is really enjoyable.Gao Shiqi felt that writing some simple and interesting scientific essays with this relaxed and pleasant literary style could not only spread some information to the publicScientific thinkingandscientific knowledge, can point out the current problems, arouse the public, andreactionariesStruggle is a good form of combining science and literature to promote social progress.
So he also picked up a pen to write a scientific sketch and published it《Food, clothing, housing and transportation of bacteria》、《Our heroes against the enemy》, Hu Liela（cholera）, and changed his name to Gao Shiqi.The intention is to get rid of people, not officials, and get rid of money, not money.Since then, we have embarked on a hard road of popular science creation.[4]Since the article was publishedCultural circlesAnd the attention and welcome of readers, many newspapers and periodicals came hereSolicitation。At this time, his writing hand was shaking, and he had to write every word for half a day, but he could only write hundreds to thousands of words a day.Living conditions are also very poor, and summer is stuffy and hot, but he still insists on writing day and night.In more than two years from 1935 to 1937, nearly one hundred scientific sketches were published.
Gao Shiqi's articles are characterized by the fusion of science, literature and political commentary. They are both popular, simple, vivid, insightful and unique.His masterpiece"Biography of Juner"As well as the well-known Seven Periods of Life, Three Grades of Human Life《Immortal spirit of cells》, "The Face of Disease", "Interview with Mr. Cholera", "Puppet Play of Mr. Typhoid", "A Letter to the Poor People with Pulmonary Tuberculosis", "Listen to the Flower Drum Girl Talk about Mosquitoes", "The plague is coming", "The dirt on the bed" and so on were all created in this period, and were soon assembled by some publishers as "Our Anti enemy Heroes", "Bacteria and People""Anti Japanese War and Epidemic Prevention" and other collections of scientific sketches were published.
After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Gao ShiqiAisiqiUnder the influence of, he decided to rush to Yan'an to participate in the struggle against Japan and save the nation.Under the situation of chaos and chaos, he overcame many difficulties and spent nearly a month to go from Shanghai to Nanjing, HankouZhengzhou, came to the ancient city of Xi'an.
On November 25, 1937, we arrived at the revolutionary holy land - Yan'an.Only then did he know that Ai Siqi had joined the Communist Party of China as early as 1935.
Gao Shiqi was the first scientist studying in the United States who defected to Yan'an to participate in the revolution, and he was also a cultural man who had come to the fore in Shanghai -- a science sketch writer.Therefore, he was particularly concerned and welcomed by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun and other leaders. He was arranged to serve as a teacher in the public school in northern Shaanxi, and a Red Army soldier was assigned as his nurse and secretary.
In February 1938, Gao Shiqi, Dong ChuncaiChen KangbaiLi Shijun and more than 20 young people who studied science gathered to launch the first scientific and technological group in Yan'an: "Border Region Defense Science Society".Its purpose is: one sideresearch and developmentThe science of national defense, on the one hand, enhances the scientific common sense of the public, so as to strengthen the strength of the War of Resistance and strive for the final victory of the War of Resistance.After nearly a year's hard life of the revolutionary team, Gao Shiqi put forwardapplication for Party membershipIn December 1938, he was approved to be accepted as a probationary member of the Communist Party of China.
Chairman Mao congratulated and encouraged him to be a worthy model communistGreat idealStruggle for life.In January 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China.
Later, as Gao Shiqi's illness continued to worsen, he left Yan'an in April 1939 under the escort of the party organization.Via Xi'an, ChongqingKunming、Hanoi、coast defence, go to Hong Kong.In Chongqing, he had a three-month rest in the Eighth Route Army Office in Hongyan Village and Beipeng. He was carefully cared by Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai, and had an organizational life in the same party group with Comrade Ye Jianying and Comrade Wu Yuzhang. He received many lessons from these revolutionary leaders, formed a deep friendship, and won their care and support in the future work of science popularization.
After arriving in Hong Kong, under the careful care of the underground party, Gao Shiqi was arranged to be hospitalized in Mali Hospital, one of the best hospitals in Hong Kong.This is a place full ofCopper stinkThe snobbish aristocratic hospitals often treat poor people like Gao Shiqi with contempt.Gao Shiqi became more and more depressed and distressed, and his illness became more and more serious.Once he was unconscious for several days, and the hospital was ready to send him tomortuaryGo, but Gao Shiqi miraculously survived.In order to drive him away, the hospital spread rumors that he was crazy and forcibly sent him to Hong Kongmental diseasehospital.
When the responsible comrades of the underground party learned about it, they immediately sent someone to negotiate, rescued him from the tortured "prison", and prepared to find a better hospital to treat him.Gao Shiqi is very grateful for the care of the Party, but he is no longer willing to suffer discrimination from those noble hospitals, and hopes to return to the comrades.The party respected Gao Shiqi's wishes, rented a building in Kowloon, let Gao Shiqi live there to recuperate, and sent a nurse Xie Yanhui to take care of him.
Comrades of the underground Party, progressive people and progressive young people also often visit him.His mood soon improved, and his condition greatly eased.Gao Shiqi was a restless person. When he got better, he got up and began to write.At that time, he was already very difficult to write, so he dictated and the nurse took notes, and wrote one scientific sketch after another in a dry mouth, which was published in the Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao.
At the end of 1941, he went to Guangxi to recuperate.In December 1941,Pacific WarSuddenly, the sound of gunfire, artillery and alarm came one after another, and the residents of Kowloon and Hong Kong fled one after another,Social orderThe traffic from Hong Kong to Kowloon was cut off, and underground party organizations lost contact with Gao Shiqi.
After Kowloon and Hong Kong were successively occupied by Japanese forces in less than half a month, the underground party organizations appointedHuang QiuyunComrades transferred him from Hong Kong to Guangzhou, and from Guangzhou toGuilinTo the underground party organization in Guangxi.
He lived a relatively stable life in Guilin, and his condition also improved.According to his request and specialty, the party organization arranged him to serve as the Southeast Allied ArmyserviceTechnical consultant and director of the Food Research Institute.He visited some famous local breweries and used hismicrobiologyHe made use of local common plant materials to develop food and supply it to the front line, and discussed with the famous poet Liu YaziPoetic creationQuestion, published an article and carried out a scientific letterorthographyResearch andlogicResearch.At this time, Xie Yanhui, the nurse who was separated from him in Kowloon, also returned to him after several setbacks and became a honorary husband and wife with him.Another daughter who claimed to be his father's friend, Miss Li, volunteered to be Gao Shiqi's nurse to help Xie Yanhui take care of Gao Shiqi.
Not long ago, JapanImperialismOur plane began to bomb Guilin. In the chaos of Guilin's retreat, Xie Yanhui went out to ask for helpheart diseaseMiss Li, who suddenly died and "volunteered to come" to take care of Gao Shiqi, took the opportunity to fleemosquitoHe didn't leave his tent and locked him in his room.When Gao Shiqi found out that the situation was wrong, he had no way to ask for help, and there was nothing to eat. He was hungryBlackened eyesAt night, swarms of mosquitoes stung him all over, and the disaster prone Gao Shiqi was once again in trouble.
Fortunately, those appointed by underground party organizations often visit Gao ShiqiYoung writersMa Ning saved him.Later, the party organization managed to get a small boat and sent Ma Ning and his wife to deliver him from Guilin under Japanese artillery fireZhaoping County。Later, Gao Shiqi was settled in a small town near mountains and rivers in Zhaoping County-Huang YaoAnd was taken care of by Zhou Xingxian, a revolutionary comrade who fled from Shanghai to Guangxi, and lived a quiet life while recuperating, writing and studying untilJapan surrenders。
In 1944, he served as the director of the Scientific Food Research Institute and the technical adviser of the Southeast Allied Service.In 1945, after the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Party sent Gao Shiqi from Huangyao to Guangzhou. The journey was also arduous. In a small town called Babu, we waited for two months for a boat.
Gao Shiqi expressed his feelings and wrote a series of poems to express his feelings and criticize the current politics, such as Farewell to Huang Yao, Light Has Not Come Completely, We Are Still Wandering, Electronics, Darkness and Light, My Questioning, My Atom Is Exploding, etc.After that, a series of events occurred in ChinaPolitical events, such as Chongqing“Calibration site incident”The death of the conscription army and Yangzao, and the martyrdom of Ye Ting and Wang Ruofei, prompted him to write battle poems such as To Bleeding Friends and Mourning Four Martyrs.During his stay in Guangzhou, he also wrote an article full of passion, philosophyThe people are masters of the countryThe scientific poem full of the belief of victory: The March of Heaven.This poem has 41 verses and 288 lines.From what is heaven, to the development and change of heaven, the development and change of human understanding of heaven, and the unity of opposites of the substances that make up heaven, it finally comes down to that heaven is not an unchangeable heaven, it is not the day of die hards, it is not the day of die hards, it is the day of die hards, and it is the day of the people!This is his early daysScientific poetryAn article created withsignificant impact And laid the foundation for taking poetry writing as a major form of his popular science creation.
In May 1946, Gao Shiqi returned from Guangzhou to Shanghai, where he had been away for 10 years. Shanghai is still a paradise for the rich who revel in extravagance and drunkenness, and also a hell for the poor who are suffering from poverty and epidemic diseases.As soon as Gao Shiqi arrived in Shanghai, he fell ill. The aristocratic hospital of the rich could not afford to live in, so he was admitted to a "civilian hospital".However, "Civilian Hospital" does not love civilians. Gao Shiqi was stopped from providing food and drink because he could not pay several months in advance at a time, so he had to ask someone to buy some from outsidebreadSoak it in boiling water and eat it.
After this incident was reported by the newspaper, it aroused the sympathy of many readers and extended a helping hand to him one after another. Money, medicine, flowers and food were sent in an endless stream, and many people wrote enthusiasticallyCondolence letter。
Comrade Deng Yingchao went to see him after he learned that, and brought the kind condolences of Comrade Zhou Enlai who was in Shanghai at that time.Mr. Tao Xingzhi, the people's educator, and Qian Zhiguang, the head of the Shanghai Party Organization, also visited him and appointed a Bai Hua as Gao Shiqi's nurse to take care of him.Gao Shiqi was deeply moved and encouraged. He wrote a poem of thanks with very emotional lines: "In return for noble condolences", which was published in "Literary Life".
In July of the same year,Li Gongpu、Wen YiduoHe was successively killed by Kuomintang agents in broad daylight in Kunming.
One of them is his good friend for many years, and the other is his classmate at Tsinghua University. Gao Shiqi is extremely sad and furious.Then his old friend Tao Xingzhi, who had cared for and helped him for many times, also died in Shanghai.
The Shanghai Party organization, in accordance with Comrade Zhou Enlai's instructionsJing'an TempleHeld an unprecedentedPublic sacrificeMr. Li, Wen and Tao did not inform Gao Shiqi of the meeting because he was not able to move and was ill.
When he learned that, he repeatedly asked the girlfriend of a nurse who had come to find someone to tell him the news unintentionally to take him to the public memorial ceremony, and immediately wrote the solemn poem "The Bloody Wind in July Can't Extinguish People's Anger" after the meeting.
Gao Shiqi was listed because he successively published some radical poems criticizing the dark rule of the Kuomintang government and calling for democracy and progress, and was found to have been to Yan'anblacklist。The underground party quickly transferred him toSuzhouAnd later from SuzhouShanghaiTransfer toTaipeiIt was not until January 1949, when the Kuomintang had lost its momentum, that he was allowed to returnliberated areaAnd escort him from Taiwan to Hong Kong for standby.
Soon Peiping was liberated, and then Nanjing was also liberated. In May, he was escorted from Hong Kong to Tianjin, where he rested for a week, and arrived in Peiping on May 31.
Gao Shiqi in his later years
On September 21, 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.In 1950, he participated in the National Science Congress and was elected ChinaScience popularizationMember of the National Committee of the Association.He has successively served as a consultant to the Science Popularization Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture, the All China Association for Science Popularization, the Children's Science Gallery and the National Association for Science and TechnologyChinese Society of MicrobiologyDirector, honorary chairman of the National Popular Science Creation Association, and deputy to the first to seventh National People's Congress.
With a disabled body, Shi Qi wrote about 750000 words of scientific sketches and popular science papers, more than 2800 lines of scientific poems and 18 books.They mainly include: Revealing the Secrets of Lilliput, Origin of Life, Fighting against Infectious Diseases《Our soil mother》, Talking about Glasses, The Story of Steelmaking, Collected Scientific Essays of Gao Shiqi, Collected Scientific Popular Creation of Gao Shiqi, etc.
He created for the prosperity of China's popular science, especially scienceLiterary and artistic creationWe have made great contributions to the establishment and expansion of science popularization teams, the advocacy of science popularization theoretical research, the construction and development of science popularization undertakings, the extensive and in-depth development of science popularization activities, especially the activities of young science enthusiasts, and the restoration and revitalization of the Association for Science and Technology.
He died on December 19, 1988 at the age of 83.
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Gao Shiqi is a famous scientist in ChinaPopular science writerandSocial activists, the pioneer and founder of China's science popularization.Over the past half century, Gao Shiqi has written millions of wordsscientific essay Scientific fairy tales and various forms of popular science articles have led many young people to embark on the road of science. They are affectionately known as "Grandfather Gao Shiqi".After Gao Shiqi died, the Central Organization Department confirmed that he was“Chinese nationHeroes ", InternationalAsteroid namingThe committee also named planet 3704“Gao Shiqixing”。
Mr. Gao Shiqi, with his legendary life, wrote a patriotic intellectual who has been spreading and popularizing all his life for the motherland and the peoplescientific culture The miracle of life ofSpiritual wealth。
——Symposium on Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Mr. Gao Shiqi's Birth and Gao Shiqi's Scientific Spirit, Chairman of the Chinese Association for Science and TechnologyZhou Guangzhaoevaluate
In 2022, he was rated as one of the ten most popular writers in 2021 by the Association for Literary Writers.[6]
