The Comunidadde Madrid isSpainThe largest autonomous region among the 17 autonomous regions is also the political, economic, financial, transportation and cultural center of Spain. Located in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula, the Madrid Autonomous Region is one of the regions with the largest population and density in Europe, with a population of more than 5.9 million people (INE2005), accounting for 13% of the total population of the country. It is mainly concentrated in the urban area of Madrid.[1]
During the period of Muslim rule, the Arabs named a small town in today's Madrid Autonomous Region as Mayrit (مججيييي).This Arabic word has evolved into the later form of Madrid through the Middle Ages.
Historical evolution
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The Madrid Autonomous Region was not an important region of the Roman Empire.Since it was recaptured from Muslims, it has belonged to the Kingdom of Castile.In the 16th century, King Philip II made the kingdom capital in Madrid.
Later, Provincia de Madrid was once a part of Castilla la Nueva, which, together with other provinces in history, formed what is now Castilla La Mancha.Since it is very different from other provinces in terms of economy and population, and the capital of Spain is located in this region, the government established the autonomous region of this single province after the end of Spain's transition period.
The self-government regulations were adopted on March 1, 1983.Since then, Madrid Province has become an autonomous region, and changed its name to Madrid Autonomous Region.
Since its birth, three governors of the autonomous region have been elected.They belong toSpanish Socialist Party of WorkersJoaqu í n Leguina (1983-1995), Alberto Ruiz Gallard ó n (1995-2003) and Esperanza Aguirre (2003 present) belonging to the Spanish People's Party.
Flags and badges
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badge
The red background represents Castile, and seven stars meanUrsa MajorThe five corners of each star symbolize the five provinces bordering the Madrid Autonomous Region (Guadalajara, Cuenca, Toledo, Avila and Segovia).However, seven stars are generally regarded as seven bridges leading to Madrid.
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geographical environment
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Image:Provmap-madrid.png
Location of Madrid Autonomous Region in the map of Spain Image: Parque Regional del Sureste.jpg
Hilly lakes in Parque Regional del Sureste.The scenery in the southeast of the autonomous region.Image:Navacerrada embalse.jpg
Embalse de Navacrorda Reservoir and the snow covered top of Guadalama Mountain.[Edit] Position
The Madrid Autonomous Region covers an area of 7995km ².Its boundary is an approximate equilateral triangle shape, its bottom edge is in the south, and its north vertex is just in the pureto de Somosierra.The autonomous region is located in the central plateau and the northern side of the southern sub plateau. Its north and west borders on Segovia Province (Castilla and Leon) and Avila Province, and its west and south borders on Guadalajara Province, Cuenca Province and Toledo Province (Castilla Mancha).
terrain
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The Madrid Autonomous Region is located in the north of the southern sub plateau. The terrain is quite flat, with an average altitude of 650 meters.There are some low mountains and small valleys only in the southeast.Sierra de Guadarrama and Somosierra, which belong to the central mountain system, are the main mountains in the autonomous region, located in the northeast and north.Some of the peaks are more than 2000 meters high. The highest peak is Peñ ala, which is 2430 meters high.
hydrology
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The Tajo River Basin flows through the Madrid Autonomous Region, so the main rivers in the region are tributaries of the Tajo River. Its upper reaches are located in mountainous areas, and the middle and lower reaches are some plain rivers until they finally flow into the Tajo River.The most important river in the autonomous region is the Jarama River, which flows into the Tahoe River from north to south.On its right are Lozoya River, Guadalix River and Manzanares River, and on its left are Henares River and Tajuñ a River from Guadalajara Province. They are all rivers with small flow and high water level.In addition, Guadarrama River and Albertche River flow through the southernmost end of the autonomous region from the mountains to Tahoe Valley.
climate
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The Madrid Autonomous Region has a Mediterranean continental climate.The winter is cold, the minimum temperature is below 8 º C, the frost is frequent at night, and it occasionally snows (three or four times a year).Summer is hot. The average temperature in July and August exceeds 24 º C, while the highest temperature often exceeds 35 º C.The temperature difference between day and night is about 10 º C.At the height of Guadalama Mountain, the temperature is much lower and the rainfall is more abundant. Snow is accumulated all day long in winter and lasts until the middle of spring.
population distribution
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Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the population of the Madrid Autonomous Region has continued to grow.In 1900, there were 775034 people in the autonomous region, 1067637 people in 1920, 1926311 people in 1950, 3761348 people in 1970, 4947555 people in 1991, 5022289 people in 1996 (including 2411548 men and 2610741 women), and 5423384 people in 2001.According to the household registration on January 1, 2005, the population of the autonomous region has reached 5921066.
The population growth rate of the autonomous region exceeded the national average.Most of the population is concentrated in and around the provincial capital of the autonomous region.Since Madrid has developed into a dense industrial center since the 1950s, it has attracted a large number of immigrants from other underdeveloped regions and even countries, which is an important reason for the large population in the region.
According to statistics, Madrid Autonomous Region has about 5964143 residents.Cities with large population are as follows:
Image:Madrid-municipios.png
Madrid - 3155359
Mestores - 212463
Akara de Enarez - 197804
Fuenlabrada - 195，131
Leganés - 181，248
Alcorcón - 162，524
Getafe - 158，363
Torrejón de Ardoz - 109，483
Alcobendas - 103，149
Parla - 91，024
Coslada - 82，894
Pozuelo de Alarcón - 78，083
Las Rozas de Madrid - 71，937
San Sebastián de los Reyes - 65，767
Majadahonda - 61，788
Collado Villalba - 52，445
Rivas-Vaciamadrid - 49，696
Valdemoro - 44，136
Aranjuez - 43，926
Arganda del Rey - 41，411
San Fernando de Henares - 39，966
Colmenar Viejo - 39，579
Tres Cantos - 39，198
Pinto - 37，559
Boadilla del Monte - 35，588
Galapagar - 29，218
traffic
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AVE train to Seville Image: Barajas overview1.jpg
Aerial view of Barajas Airport The Madrid Autonomous Region has a complete expressway network, and all routes are free of charge except for the radial network.
Madrid is the center of the Spanish highway radiation network, extending from the store to highways A-1, A-3, A-4 and A-5, as well as free lines A-2 and A-6.Around these roads, the city core is formed outside the radiation of the capital.Due to the serious traffic problems in the above road sections, the government has recently started to build toll radiating lines R-2, R-3, R-4 and R5.The A-6 line starts from the section of Guadalama Tunnel that must pass through Guadalama Mountain when leaving the autonomous region, while the Guadalama Gate and the old N-VI line are reserved for selection.
In addition, the free expressway ring roads include municipal road M-30, national road M-40, M-50 and autonomous road M-45.In addition to the radial lines, there are highway trunk lines M-21 and M31 connecting each ring line.
Other important roads are M-607, M-501, M-11, M-12 and M-13 leading to the airport.
Madrid's subway network is 227km long, with 12 lines, one branch line and 236 stations. It is one of the most dense and modern subway networks in the world.
There are eleven Cercan í as in the Madrid Autonomous Region, covering the capital and the densely populated areas in the autonomous region.A railway line C-9 in Selkanias passes through the slope of Guadalama Mountain and passes through the Navaselada Pass and Cortes Pass.Except this line, all lines of Selkanis pass through Addocha Station.
Many routes of the Talgo train connect the autonomous region with the rest of Spain.There are three ave train lines from the capital to Seville, Zaragoza, Lelida and Toledo.
Madrid Barajas Airport, a civil airport in the Madrid Autonomous Region, is the largest airport in China and one of the most important airports in the world.Other sub important airports in the autonomous region include Cuatro Vientos, Getafe and Torrej ó n.
Economics
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The per capita income of the Madrid Autonomous Region ranks first in the country: in 2005, the per capita income of the autonomous region was 27279 euros (31% higher than the national average).The autonomous regions next are Basque, Navarra and Catalonia.Today, the Madrid Autonomous Region has become the engine of the entire Spanish economy, with an economic growth rate of 4% in 2005 exceeding three fifths of the national average.It is also the first choice for foreign investment. In 2005, it attracted 34% of the country's total investment.3% of trade volume.In 2002, Madrid ranked 34th among the most prosperous regions in Europe.
The Madrid Autonomous Region is the second largest industrial circle in the countrygross domestic productIt also ranks second in China (17.5%).In the first ten years of the implementation of autonomy, the growth of regional GDP from 1986 to 1989 was relatively flat, with an average of 4.6%, while that of the whole country during the same period was 4.7%.This is mainly impacted by the construction industry.
27% of the population of the autonomous region is engaged in industrial production, including metallurgical industry (Pindo, Akara de Enales), steel smelting (Villavald), chemical industry (old Kolmenar), transportation equipment (Villavald, Barajas and Getafe), as well as civil power (Kerada, Mostores), aircraft manufacturing (Getafe)Precision machinery (Madrid) and high and new technology are outstanding.The unemployment rate in 2005 was 6.63 per cent.
Madrid is an important place where most enterprises and foreign enterprises gather in China, and also has a large number of emerging technology companies, such as Indra, telef ó nicaLucent Technologies、Microsoft and IBM.In 2005, IBM decided to establish a branch office in Madrid for Europe, Africa and the Middle East.IFEMA in Madrid includes many important exhibitions in Europe, such as SIMO and Fitur.
Madrid Barajas International Airport T4 and T4S stations are novel in design and powerful in operation.Its completion has strengthened its position as an important airport in the world and a gateway between Europe and Ibero America.
Sports
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Bernabeu Stadium
Image:Bernabeu stadium.jpg
Like the rest of Spain, the most popular sport in the Madrid Autonomous Region is football.The most famous two teams arereal madrid andAtletico Madrid 。These two teams have been competing with each other since many years agoSpain La Liga。There are also some important teams, such as Rayo Vallecano and Getafe, who are also playing in La Liga.In addition to football, basketball, cyclingMotorcycle sports, tennis and handball are also very popular.
hygiene
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There are 14 public hospitals in the Madrid Autonomous Region.They are distributed in various cities, including six in Madrid.At the same time, there are twelve private hospitals in the district.
The public hospitals in the Madrid Autonomous Region are:
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
Hospital Universitario La Paz
Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro
Hospital Ramón y Cajal
Hospital Severo Ochoa
Hospital Clínico de San Carlos
Hospital General Universitario de Móstoles
Fundación Hospital de Alcorcón
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
Hospital Universitario de Getafe
Hospital Carlos III
Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús
Hospital de Fuenlabrada
media
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The media industry in the Madrid Autonomous Region is developed.The main automatic TV channel is Telemadrid.The channel's affiliated enterprises launched La otra in 2005.In addition, Canal 7 and Onda 6 are also famous.There are many radio stations in the area, such as Onda Madrid.Newspapers and magazines are numerous.
famous scenery
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Image:ElEscorial distant view2.jpg
Aside from Madrid, the famous scenic spots in the autonomous region of Escorial Monastery include:
Akara de Annales Historical Center
Aranwitz Royal Palace and Garden
Typical Spanish valley of Chinch ó n
Monasterio de El Escorial
Enemy Town
Parque Natural de Peñalara
La Pedriza
Nuevo Baztán
[Editor] Famous people
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Miguel de Cervantes, the famous writer Gregorio Marañ, was born in the Madrid Autonomous Region;ó n (doctor)
Francisco de Quevedo (writer)
Pedro Calderon de Lavalca (writer)
Miguel de Cervantes (writer)
Jos é Ortega y Gasset (philosopher)
Jos é Antonio Primo de Rivera (politician)
Carlos Arias Navarro (Politician)
Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo (Politician)
Enrique Tierno Galv á n (Politician)
Jos é Mar í a Aznar (politician)
Esperanza Aguirre (politician)
Miguel Bos é (musician)
Julio Iglesia (musician)
Alejandro Sans (musician)
Anna Belon (musician)
Placido Domingo (musician)
Mecano (Nacho Cano, Jos é Mar í a Cano y Ana Torroja) (music group)
