synonymMalacca(One of the thirteen Malaysian states) generally refers to Malacca
Malacca (English: State of Malacca; Malay: Melaka), referred to as "Malacca", capitalMalacca(Kota Melaka), yesMalaysiaOne of the thirteen federal states located inpeninsular malaysia West, andSenmei LanzhouandJohorContiguous.It covers an area of 1720 square kilometers, with a total population of 922200 (including 47700 foreigners) in 2018, and governs three counties.[1-3]
Chinese navigators in the Ming Dynastyleader of Ming naval expeditionsLed a fleet of seven voyages to the West, including fiveStanzaMalacca,[4]It brought Chinese silk, tea, porcelain and other products and advanced production technology here, making Malacca a prosperous trade center for a while.[5]
The main economic activities of Malacca are tourism and manufacturing.In 2017, the per capita GDP of Malacca residents was RM46015, higher than that of Malaysia.In MalaccaMalacca International Airport, train station connectionWest coastlineThe bus terminals are Malacca Bus Terminal and Yaluoya Bus Terminal,North South AvenueIt is the main highway connecting it with other states.[6-7]
Malacca used to be an unknown fishing village. It is surrounded by wild grass. It is located inMalacca RiverWith a dangerous situation and a harbor convenient for berthing boats, pirates come and go. There are only dozens of residents, mostly fromSiamTerritorialityTemasekRefugees.Because the land is barren and the food is insufficient, most residents live by fishing.
ChinaTang dynastyAt first, the Malacca Strait became an east-west traffic channel.[10]
In 1402, fromSumatraThe Prince of MegaportBerimisura(Parameteswara) First arrived in Malacca and establishedMalacca Sultanate Their attendants account for most of the residents.At that time, Indian culture still had considerable influence in Malacca. The local residents mainly believed in Buddhism or Hinduism, and many areas even still worshipped nature.Compared with the indigenous people who have seen the coastal and inland forests of the Malay Peninsula for a long time, Berimisura and others are undoubtedly foreign peoples.In order to stabilize the national base, it is considered as Malacca's national policy to live in harmony with local indigenous people.In addition, because of its relationship withShriverdieIn terms of national defense and military affairs, it has obtained the absolute loyalty and cooperation of the sea people (Orange Laut) who live on the sea.[10]
The Malacca Dynasty had close ties with China in history.the ming dynastywithmalacca The Kingdom's political and trade relations have developed greatly.[11]According to《Ming History》It is recorded that in October 1403 (the first year of Yongle), the Ming DynastyYin QingSouthern tour,Berimisura（Baili Misula）Send envoys to pay tribute.In September 1405, the Chinese emperorEmperor Chengzu of the Ming DynastyBalimisura was granted the title of King of Malaga, and was given the official seal, colored coins, clothes, and yellow cover. At the request of Balimisura, a stone tablet was carved to mark the country.This stele was carried to Malacca by Zheng He in 1409, and stood inSanbaoshan(The monument is now missing.).
In 1411, Bairamisura personally led his wife and 540 entourage to pay tribute to China and Kylin. Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty gave golden jade belt, guard of honor, pommel horse and crown dress to the princess.In September, King Bairamisura said goodbye, and the Emperor Chengzu gave a banquet atFengtian Gate, jade belt, guard of honor, pommel horse, gold, platinum, etc.Since then, Bairamisura and his descendants have visited China many times.[11-12]According to《Ming Huidian》According to records, there are more than 40 kinds of tributes in Malacca, most of which are not products of Malacca, so it can be inferred that Malacca was already the place where merchants beat up at that time, and all the rare and unusual products of Persia, Arabia, India and the Malay Islands were almost extracted here.[10]
Megat Iskandar Shah, the second ruler, married Princess Bassac and converted to Islam in order to reconcile the relationship with local natives.Seri Maharaja, the third ruler, imitated the legacy of Sri Lanka and established the Malacca system of laws and regulations.Sultan Muzaffar Shah, the fifth ruler, established Islam as the state religion during his reign.[10]
Malacca's prosperity has attractedSiamThe Malacca Dynasty was invaded twice by Siam because it refused to pay tribute to SiamDun Pili(Tun Perak) sent Duntarani to Siam for repair.Malacca, which vigorously promoted Islam, later replaced Pasai as the spreading center of Islam and won the reputation of "Mecca".With the rise of Islamic forces, the dispute between Indian religious sects and Islamic sects has gradually intensified.Prime Minister Dun Pili is committed to mediating the relationship between the two. Dun Pili has also adopted many Indian systems to make Malacca's administration more efficient.This period was the golden age of the Malacca Dynasty.[10]Gradually, the Strait of Malacca replacedKela Isthmus(KraIsthmus) status.Malacca has grown from a fishing village to the most important port in the region, attracting businessmen from Java, India, Arabia and China, and serving as a docking point for Sino Indian trade between the two monsoons.
According to《Sejarah Melayu 》It is recorded that the Ming Dynasty emperorPrincess HannibalMarry Sultan Mansor Shah, the sixth ruler, and set up a princess and 500 attendants in the Den China area.Zheng He's Seven Voyages to the Western Seas, stopping in Malacca for five times.Because Zheng He has stationed in the Chinese area for many times, he is calledSanbaoshan(Bukit Cina, literally translated as "China Mountain").[11]These Chinese descendants settled in Malacca and intermarried with local indigenous women, forming a uniqueBaba Nyonya (Baba Nyonya) community.[10]
China《Enjoying the World》It records the customs of Malacca during the royal dynasty, and points out that "the king and the people of the country all followMuslim Sect, fasting for abstinence.The king dressed up as a fine white crocus cloth wrapped around his head, dressed in a fine crocus cloth like a gown, and wore shoes to get in and out of the sedan chair.Chinese men and women square handkerchief Baotou.The woman wore a bun on the back of her head, her body was slightly dark, and she was surrounded by white cloth handkerchiefs of various colors, and she wore colored cloth blouses on top.The custom is simple and unsophisticated. The house is like a pavilion. The house is not paved, but it is about four feet high. It is split into strips of coconut trees and thinly distributed on the top. It is bound with vines like a flat shed. It has its own layers. It can be used to sit on the bed, lap up, drink and lie in the kitchen and toilet.Most people take fishing as their business and use canoes to scoop fish from the sea. "These customs remained unchanged when Portugal occupied Malacca.In addition, Yingya Shenglan also has a detailed description of its products, pointing out that local products include Huang Suxiang, Birdwood, Damar Xiang, Huaxi, Shagu, Zizania latifolia, sugar cane, plantain seeds, molasses, wild litchi (rambutan), onion, garlic, ginger, mustard, winter melon, watermelon, cattle, sheep, chicken, duck, buffalo, alligator dragon (crocodile) and tiger.[10]
In 1488, Mahmud Syah took the post of Sudan, and he ignored the government. In 1499, Dumetahi, who took the post of Prime Minister, suppressed the Malay nobles, and the sectarian struggle was fierce.Finally, Malacca died in 1511.
The influence and importance of Malacca Dynasty, the determination of Malay national power, political system, religious culture and territory.The Malay national regime established the mainstream position and voice of the Malay nation in the Malay Peninsula in the future;After the founding of Malacca, the court etiquette, rules and regulations, laws and customs formulated and adopted by the Malacca Dynasty became the blueprint for the future Malay states;Sultan Muzafasha, the fifth ruler, established Islam as the state religion, which made Islam be the same in the Malay Peninsula from then on, forming a situation that the Malay nation and Islam would not be separated from each other in the future;The territory of Malacca Dynasty is the basis of forming Malaysia's territory.[10]
Portuguese Malacca
Great Geographical DiscoveryLater, the Europeans, with their maritime advantages, began to colonize overseas.In the early 16th century, the Portuguese entered the Malay Peninsula. After Diogo Lopes de Sequiera's request for trade with Malacca failed, the Portuguese governor in Goa, IndiaAbercrombie(Affonso de Aibuquerque) led 19 warships to attack Malacca on July 25, 1511Malacca siegeMalacca fell on August 10 of the same year.
portugueseThey built Porta de Sangtiago in Malacca to resist the counterattack of Sultan Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan of Malacca Dynasty, and control the Malacca Strait. They minted new coins, adopted a commercial monopoly policy, collected port entry taxes and import taxes on goods, and controlled the spice trade.In addition, actively spread Catholicism, reject Islam, and send Catholic missionariesSaint Francis of Assisi, Shawulue(St. Francois Xavier) preaching in Malacca;Encourage Portuguese soldiers to intermarry with local women.Administratively, Malacca's official systemkapitan Under the "Captain" system, the highest chief executive is the chief executive and the highest military officer is the commander.
Sultan Mamesha's counteroffensive failed and finally died in Kampar, Sumatra. His eldest son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II, abandoned the title of Sultan of Malacca in 1536 and establishedJohor Kingdom, and Portugal also recognized its Johor Sultan status.
From 1537 to 1636, the Portuguese Malacca andJohore Empire andAtjeh Due to their own reasons, the triangle war broke out, and the three parties had no absolute advantage to defeat each other.[10]
Dutch Malacca
In 1602, the Netherlands besieged Malacca for the first time. Since then, many wars have ended in failure.In 1639, the Netherlands signed a cooperation agreement with the Kingdom of Johor. The Netherlands easily occupied Malacca in January 1641, becoming the second Western country to occupy Malacca.
The main development of the Netherlands isBadavia(Batavia) centeredEast IndiesIn the Malay Peninsula, we only focus on the monopoly of Simi.The Dutch colonial government rejected Catholicism, but was tolerant of other religions, and continued to use the Kabitan system.[10]
British Malacca
Britain occupied Penang in 1786 and Singapore in 1819.In 1824, Britain and the Netherlands signed《Anglo-Dutch Treaty 》(Anglo Dutch Treatment) to acquire Malacca and other Malaysian states.In 1826, Britain combined Malacca, Penang and Singaporethe straits settlements (Straits Settlements), under the jurisdiction of India, is commonly known as "three state capitals".In 1867, the Straits Colony was directly under the British colonial rule, known as the Crown Colony.Although British forces entered the Malay Peninsula, Britain adopted a non intervention policy and basically ignored other Malay states.[10]
In 1946, the United Kingdom compared Malacca, Penang andFederation of Malaysia(Federated Malay States) andMalay state(Federated MalayStates) merged into the Malayan Union and reorganized two years laterUnion of Malaya（Federation of Malaya）。[10]
Joining Malaysia
On August 31, 1957,Union of MalayaMalacca became one of the states after gaining independence.
On September 16, 1963, 11 states of the Commonwealth and British Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (now Sabah) formed a new country, namelyMalaysia, becoming one of the 13 states in Malaysia.
Historical culture
Announce
edit
The origin of the place name "Malacca" can be explained in many ways:[10]
one
Named for the tree: This saying comes from《Sejarah Melayu 》（Sejarah Melayu）。It is said that the founding monarch of Malacca was not allowed to live in Tumasik. He went up to Mapo River to live in the north. He was surprised to see a hunting dog chasing a rat deer under a tree beside the river, but was kicked into the river by a rat deer. He thought it was a sign of good fortune.Therefore, when asked about the name of the tree where it lives, the answer is Malacca. Therefore, the Malacca Dynasty took the tree as its name.In addition, in Indian legend, the first tree in the world is called "Amalaka". It is said that the tree has divine power, health and wealth, from which Malacca derives its name.In Iridia's Description of Malacca and Meridian India Cathay, Malacca means "Myrobalans", which refers to the fruit of Malacca, not the tree.
two
Meaning of assembly and market: Arabs believed that there was a market in the place of Water Island before, but later it was invaded by Siam and moved to the land beside the Malacca River, which became a big market over time. Arabs called the market or business center "Malaka", so Malacca took its name.They also called Malacca "Mulsqah", which means meeting.
three
Malay country: G. E. Gerini believes that the name of Malacca is a transformation of "malayakolam" or "malayaka", which means the country of Malays. He believes that《Mahabharata》There is already one "malaka", which generally refers toMalay Peninsula, later called Malacca.
Cataloging one of the earliest documents in Malacca, Siam Royal Code in 1360 was the first one.Due to the different translations of Chinese names, there are many mutual views on the registration of books.《Star Cha Scenic Spot》、《Zheng He's Navigation Chart》And《Hainese》It is called Manci Plus;《Enjoying the World》Besides Mancijia, it is also called Wuyu;《A study of eastern and western cultures》Malacca;《Hear and See Record of Haiguo》For Malacca;《Sea Record》Be a horse for six days.Europeans are more different about the pinyin of a Malacca name than Chinese, but "Malacca" is generally used;Malay is "Melaka";Malaka in Sanskrit;The Arabic is Malakat.The first person who introduced Malacca to Europeans was a French explorer named Ludavico de Varthema.[10]
administrative division
Announce
edit
Malacca is divided into three counties and managed by four local governments. The state capital isMalacca（Kota Melaka）：[1]
county
county government
local government
Administrative map
Central County, Malacca
Malacca
Malacca Historical City Department
Love Bliss
Handuya Jaya City Council
Alor Gajah
Yaluoya
Yaroya City Council
Yexin County
Nokai
Yeshin City Council
The main cities are Malacca, Alor Gajah, Masjid Tanah, Jasin, Merlimau, Pulau Sebang and Ayer Keroh.[13]
geographical environment
Announce
edit
geographical position
Map of Malacca
Malacca is located inpeninsular malaysia In the west, with an area of 1720 square kilometers (2017), in the northSenmei LanzhouHandover, southern andJohorConnected to the westMalacca Strait。[2]The central coordinates are 2 ° 12 ′ north latitude and 102 ° 15 ′ east longitude.
topographic features
Topography of Malacca
The terrain of Malacca is relatively flat, most of which are plains, but there are some hills in the east. The highest point in the state is Mount Sao Paulo.[14]
hydrographic features
There are Ningyi River in the west and Ningyi River in the middle of MalaccaMalacca RiverThere is Jishan River in the east, and all three rivers flow intoMalacca Strait。[14]
The three ethnic groups in Malacca areMalay、Malaysian Chinese、Malaysian Indian, and there areBaba Nyonya (descendants of early Chinese Malays intermarriage)Zhidi people(descendants of Indian and Malay intermarriages), Portuguese descendants, etc.According to the database of the Malaysian Bureau of Statistics, the total population of Malacca in 2018 was 922200 (including 47700 non Malaysian citizens), and the male female ratio was 1.01.[3]The population accounts for 2.85% of the total population of Malaysia.[15]
Population data of Malacca in 2018
Gender
Indigenous*
Chinese
Indian descent
other
noncitizen
total
Male (10000)
twenty-nine point three seven
ten point nine seven
two point five nine
zero point two four
three point one four
forty-six point three two
Female (10000)
thirty point eight zero
ten point seven two
two point five one
zero point two three
one point six four
forty-five point nine zero
Total amount (ten thousand)
sixty point one seven
twenty-one point six nine
five point one one
zero point four eight
four point seven seven
ninety-two point two two
% of total
sixty-five point two five
twenty-three point five two
five point five four
zero point five two
five point one seven
one hundred
*Indigenous people: including Malays and indigenous people
Politics
Announce
edit
Head of State A
Head of State A Dunmohammad Kali
On June 4, 2004, Tun Dr Mohd Khalil Yaakob became the sixth head of state of Malacca (Yang Di Pertua Negeri Melaka), the current head of state A.[9]
legislative assembly
Vice Speaker Huang Heping (left) and Speaker Omagahua (right)
The Legislative Assembly of Malacca (in Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Melaka) is the legislature of Malacca, composed of 28 membersUnicameral systemParliament.General Assembly for Parliamentary Election and Malaysian ParliamentHouse of CommonsElections are held simultaneously and every five years or so.
In July 2018, Omagahua officially took office as the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of State A, and the Deputy Speaker was Huang Heping (the first Chinese American Deputy Speaker of State A).[17]
Executive Council
A Chief Minister Adrian
The Executive Assembly of Malacca (Kerajaan Negeri Melaka) is the administrative organ of Malacca, which is composed of the chief minister of Malacca and the executive members, who are appointed by the head of Malacca.The Chief Minister is the administrative pillar of the state government and manages all the administration of the state.
Ketua Menteri Melaka, the 11th Chief Minister of Malacca, is Adly Zahari.[9][16]
There are 11 executive members of State A:[18-19]
In charge of affairs
Executive Member
Political party background
Economic, financial, land and religious affairs
Adly Zahari
Honest party
Industrial, trade and investment affairs
Mohd Rafiq Naizamohideen
Tu tuan party
Housing, local government, environmental affairs
Tek Kok Kiew
Action Party
Tourism, culture and heritage affairs
Muhammad Jailani Khamis
Justice Party
Public works, transportation and utilities
Mohd. Sofi Abdul Wahab
Honest party
Solidarity, human resources, non-governmental organizations and consumer affairs
G. Saminathan
Action Party
Agriculture, enterprise development and agro based industrial affairs
Norhizam Hassan Baktee
Action Party
Women, Family Development, Social and Indigenous Affairs
Ginie Lim Siew Lin
Justice Party
Education, scientific process, innovation and green process affairs
Noor Effandi Ahmad
Tu tuan party
Health services
Low Chee Leong
Action Party
Communication, multimedia, youth and sports affairs
Kerk Chee Yee
Action Party
The 13th Head of Malacca, Malaysia: Suleiman[54]
Transportation
Announce
edit
highway
Malacca Bus Terminal
North South AvenueNorth South Expressway is the main highway connecting Malacca and other states on the Malaysian Peninsula. The main exit of the highway in Malacca is located in Ayer Keroh, Alor Gajah and Jasin.
The main bus terminals in Malacca include Alor Gajah Bus Terminal and Melaka Sentral Bus Terminal, both of which have regular busesKuala Lumpur（Kuala Lumpur）、Xinshan(Johor Bahru) and other places on the Malay Peninsula.
Railway
Malacca monorail train
There are two railway stations in Malacca, namely Pulau Sebang Railway Station and Batang Melaka Railway Station, belonging toWest coastline, you can go north directlyGlass City StateOr go south to Singapore.staythe Second World WarThere was a railway connecting the former Malacca urban area to Semeland, but during the Japanese occupation period, the railway was built by the Japanese army using building materialsDeath Railway It is abandoned and no longer used.
Malacca Monorail is also available in Malacca, with a total length of 2.5 kilometers. The stations include Tun Ali Station, Hang Tuah Station and Hang Jebat Station.
Tourism and manufacturing are the two economic pillars of Malacca.According to the data of the Malaysian Bureau of Statistics, Malacca contributed only 3.1% to Malaysia's GDP in 2017, and the state's economic growth rate reached 8.1%.[6]In 2017, the per capita GDP of Malacca was RM46015, higher than that of Malaysia (RM42228).[7]The unemployment rate in 2017 was 1.0%.[2]
primary industry
In 2016, the total agricultural output value of Malacca was RM352.9 billion;It accounts for 10.6% of the state's GDP (2015: 10.7%), with a GDP growth rate of 3.7%.[21]In 2017, Malacca's agricultural industry achieved an economic growth rate of 6.8%, mainly driven by palm oil and other animal husbandry.[6]
the secondary industry
manufacturing industry
In 2016, the total output value of Malacca's manufacturing industry was RM1349.1 billion;It accounted for 40.7% of the state's GDP (2015: 40.9%), with a GDP growth rate of 4.1%.[21]In 2017, the manufacturing industry in Malacca achieved an economic growth rate of 6.7%, mainly supported by motor vehicles, transport equipment, electrical and electronic products.[6]
construction business
In 2016, the gross output value of Malacca's construction industry was RM81.3 billion;It accounts for 2.5% of the state's GDP (2015: 2.4%), with a GDP growth rate of 5.6%.[21]In 2017, the construction industry in Malacca achieved a negative economic growth rate of 72.2%.[6]
Mining and quarrying
In 2016, the total output value of mining and quarrying industry in Malacca was RM5.3 billion;It accounts for 0.2% of the state's GDP (2015: 0.1%), with a GDP growth rate of 19.5%.[21]In 2017, the mining and quarrying industry in Malacca achieved an economic growth rate of 7.6%.[6]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
In 2016, the total output value of Malacca's service industry was RM1520.6 billion;It accounts for 45.9% of the state's GDP (2015: 45.6%), with a GDP growth rate of 5.1%.[21]In 2017, Malacca's service industry achieved an economic growth rate of 5.6%, mainly led by the wholesale and retail industry and the communications sector.[6]
social undertakings
Announce
edit
education
elementary education
As of June 2019, there are 237 primary schools and 77 secondary schools in Malacca, with a total of 810.86 million students in primary schools and 699.11 million students in secondary schools.[22]
Higher Education
Aerial view of Malaysian University of Technology in Malacca
The higher education system in Malaysia includes public universities (including public universities, public colleges and technical vocational colleges) and private universities (including private universities, private university colleges, private colleges and foreign university campuses).Public universities, private universities, private university colleges and some public colleges have the qualification to issue the college diploma or above.Junior college education lasts for 2-3 years, undergraduate education lasts for 3 years, master education lasts for 1-2 years, and doctoral education lasts for 2-6 years.Colleges and universities in Malacca（List of Malaysian Universities）Mainly:[23]
5. Malacca National Chinese Middle School (SMJK TINGGI CINA);
6. SMJK YOK BIN.
medical and health work
Malacca Hospital
As of June 2019, there are 3 government hospitals (Hospital Kerajaan), 88 government health clinics (Klinik Kesihatan Kerajaan), 12 community clinics (Klinik 1Malaysia), and 30 government dental clinics (Klinik Pergigian Kerajaan) in Malacca, including:[26-29]
1. Hospital Alor Gajah;
2. Hospital Jasin;
3. Hospital Melaka.
The larger private hospitals in Malacca include Mahkota Medical Center, Pantai Ayer Keroh Hospital, Malacca Hospital and Nanfang Hospital.
Media business
Major Chinese newspapers in Malacca:《Xingzhou Daily》(Sin Chew Jit Poh, founded in 1929)《Nanyang Siang Pau》(Nanyang Siang Pau, founded in 1923)《China Daily》(China Press, founded in 1946), Oriental Daily (founded in 2003)《Guangming Daily》(Guang Ming Daily, founded in 1987) and《Guanghua Daily》（Kwong Wah Yit Poh）。These Chinese newspapers usuallya simplified characterMainly, but also the use of complex and simple characters.
famous scenery
Announce
edit
Malacca has the most distinctive traditional buildings, including many Chinese style residences.The streets built in ancient times are still well preserved.The streets are winding and narrow, and the buildings are varied. The walls of many houses are inlaid with exquisite ceramic tiles, auspicious lion door buckles, dragons and phoenixes, all of which show the unique style and features of the ancient capital Malacca.On top of China is a big mountain, which is the most complete and abundant place for Malaysia to retain Chinese historical sites.In addition, there are Sanbao Mountain, Sanbao Well and Baoshan Pavilion in memory of Zheng He, a navigator in the Ming Dynasty.Portuguese style historic sitesPorta de Santiago andSt. Paul's Church Etc.Even many ancient traditional ceremonies have been carried out since the Portuguese occupation, such as the Intrudu (logoCatholicismWater Festival, the beginning of Lent fast), branyu (traditional dance) and Saint Cruz (an annual street festival).Dutch style buildings include Stadtus Church (now the city hall), and the East Quina Church in the suburb is a Sumatran style building, withJohor The tomb of the Sudan.
Distribution of tourist attractions in Malacca
Qingyun Pavilion（Cheng Hoon Teng）: Temple Street/Jalan Tokong, located in Malacca District, was initiated by Zheng Fangyang, the first Chinese Jiabitan, and Li Weijing, the second Chinese Jiabitan in Malacca. It is the oldest ancient temple in Malaysia and Singapore, and a place to spread Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.Because the main hall is dedicated to Goddess of Mercy, it is also called the Guanyin Pavilion. The temple is also dedicated to Emperor Guan and the Queen Mother of Heaven.Qingyun Pavilion used to be the office and arbitration office of Chinese Cabitan during the period of Portuguese and Dutch rule in Malacca, as well as the Chinese conference center.[30]
Qingyun Pavilion
Sanbao Scenic Spot:（1）Sanbaoshan: Also known as Bukit Cina.It is said that the fleet led by Zheng He, the eunuch of Sanbao, once stayed here, so he left this name.According to the Malay Chronicle, the palace where Princess Hanlibao lived when she married Malacca in the Ming Dynasty was also in Sanbaoshan.There are more than 12500 Chinese tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties and two non Chinese tombs on the mountain, with an area of 103.60 acres. This hill is owned by the Malacca Chinese community;（2）Poh San Teng Temple: Also calledSanbao Temple, located at the southern foot of Sanbao Mountain, was built in 1795 to worship the dead.This temple is dedicated to the land god Uncle（Fude Zhengshen）、Tiger Lord、MazuIn addition, there is a bluestone statue of Zheng He in the temple;（3）Sanbaojing: There were many wells in Sanbaoshan, but there are still two.The larger well outside Baoshan Pavilion is called Perigi Raja, also known asHanlibao Well(Hang Li Po's Well), it is said that the Sultan ordered the excavation for Princess Hannibal, which was once the main source of drinking water for the local people. During the Dutch colonial period, the Dutch built walls to protect the wells from being poisoned.The other smaller well is located in the backyard of Baoshan Pavilion, which is the nominal Sam Poh Well;（4）Malacca Warrior MonumentLocated on the west side of the Three Treasures and next to the Three Treasures Pavilion, the monument bears the inscription "Loyal Foot" inscribed by Jiang Zhongzheng. The local Chinese paid a huge sum of money to help China resist Japan during World War II, and the National Government built the monument to commend the achievements of overseas Chinese.[31-35]
Babaninga Museum of Historic Sites（Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum）: The museum is located in Heeren Street, adjacent to Jichang Street, and is located in MalaccaBaba Nyonya A museum operated by Ren (also known as "Strait Chinese"). The museum displays the unique traditional customs and culture of Baba Niangrae with various cultural relics.The building is in Baroque style, and its design combines Chinese, British Victorian and Dutch styles.[36]
Babaninga Museum of Historic Sites
Jichang Street, Malacca（Jonker Street）: Jichang Street, also known as Jalan Antique Street, is famous for the integration of multiple cultures. Overseas Chinese temples, mosques, Hindu temples, Christian churches and other buildings coexist in this unique international street block.[37-38]
Zheng He Cultural Center（Cheng Ho Cultural Museum）: The Cultural Center, funded by local overseas Chinese, was built on the site of Zhenghe Guancang in Malacca.The cultural center has a total area of 8000 square meters and a total of three floors. It is divided into three parts: Zheng He in China, Zheng He in Malacca, and Zheng He's treasure boat. The cultural center of Zheng He has Ming Palace, Malacca Hall, Mazu Palace, Scientific Navigation Hall, Lijia Tea House, Zheng He's treasure boat, official factory model, Yuan and Ming porcelain collection, and Zheng He's life puppet show,To show the integration of Chinese culture and Malay culture for more than 600 years.[32]
Zheng He Cultural Center
St. Paul's Church （St. Paul’s Church）: Located in St. Paul's Hill, also known asPorta de Sangtiago ）On the top of the mountain is the oldest Catholic church built by Europeans in Southeast Asia, which was founded by Portuguese Governor Abe in 1521.After several wars, the church was destroyed, but the white statue of Saint Francis in front of the church is still clearly visible despite the vicissitudes of life.
A Famosa （Porta de Sangtiago）: This ancient city gate is one of the four main entrances to A Famosa Castle.Aihua Mosha Castle near Mount Sao Paulo was built by Portuguese Admiral Abuquique in 1511 to prevent the army of the defeated Malacca Kingdom from counterattacking.In 1641, when the Dutch invaded Malacca, the whole castle was almost destroyed, leaving only this entrance.The ancient city gate is more than 30 meters high, and many designs of Portuguese army were carved on the wall.[39-40]
A Famosa
portugal square （Portugese Square）: Located in the Portuguese Settlement and the east bank of the Malacca River Bridge, the square, also known as "Little Lisbon", is the concentration place of Portuguese culture in Malacca and even Malaysia.The town where it is located is mostly of Eurasian ethnicity, such as descendants of Portuguese Malay intermarriage.There are various cultural celebrations listed on the bulletin board of the square. During the festival, people will sing and dance in the square in accordance with the Portuguese tradition.[41]
Dutch Square: The square is located in front of the Christ Church and the Red House, and its main signs are Queen Victoria's Fountain and Clock Tower.The fountain was built in 1901, and the bell tower was built in 1886.
portugal square
Stadthuys: Covering 49200 square feet, commonly known asDutch Red HouseFounded in 1650, it is a red building left in Malacca during the Dutch colonial period. It was used as the residence of the Dutch Governor and his staff, the administrative center of the British colonial government and the administrative center of the Malacca state government.The building fully reflects the Dutch style at that time and is the oldest Dutch relic in the Far East.The whole building is equipped with the History and Ethnography Museum and the Galeri Laksamana Cheng Ho, which display various cultural relics of the Malacca Dynasty.[42-44]
Dutch Red House
Christ Church: Built in 1753, reflecting the Dutch architectural style.The building collects hand-made church benches, seamless skylights, a copper replica of the Bible, a cornerstone written in Armenian documents, and a replica of the Last Supper.
Red Mansion
St. John's FortThis castle was originally a private church of the Portuguese, built to worship St. John the Baptist, and later renovated by the Dutch in the 18th century.During the colonial period, they were mainly harassed by land forces rather than sea forces, so the artillery in the castle was all towards the interior of Malacca.[45]
St. John's Castle
St. Peter's Church: Also known as St. Peter's Church, it was built in 1710 under the Dutch administration and is the oldest Catholic church in Malaysia.Facade and decoration are a mixture of eastern and western architectural styles.The clock came from Goa in 1608.[46]
Szentpeter Church
Franciscan Church （St. Francis Xavier’s Church）This Gothic church was built by Father Paderi Fabre of France in 1849 to commemorate the Catholic missionary who came to Southeast Asia in the 16th century, the "Oriental Apostle" Francesco Shavreau.
Independence Memorial （Proclamation of Independence Memorial）：It was built in 1912.Now it has collected the photos of Malaysia before and after independence and the first Prime Minister of MalaysiaDonggu Adu RamanPortrait of.Tourists can see the historical documents, maps, treaties, videotapes, films, meeting minutes, press releases and information about striving for independence on display.
Independence Memorial
Melaka Sultanate Palace （Replica Malacca Sultanate Palace）: Also known as the Cultural Museum, it is located in the central district of Malacca. It is a simulation replica of the Malacca imperial palace in the 15th century, displaying the Malacca culture related items and depicting the Sudanese court life.[39]
Melaka Sultanate Palace
Taming Sari Tower: This tower is located in Jalan Merdeka, Banda Hilir District, Malacca, and was completed on April 18, 2008;The tower is designed based on the legendary Malay sword. It is 110 meters high and is the first tower with a fully rotating structure in Malaysia.The 80 meter high air-conditioned sightseeing cabin can accommodate 66 guests at the same time. From the sightseeing cabin, you can have a panoramic view of Malacca.[47]
Maritime Museum in Malacca: The museum is a replica of the Portuguese warship Flor de la Mar, which sank on the Malacca coast in November 1511. It displays the pictures of relics left by the Sultan period of the Malacca Dynasty, the Portuguese, Dutch and British rule, including maps and nautical charts at that time.Old and bulky containers are also on display.[49-50]
Malacca Maritime Museum
Mini Malaysia Asian Cultural Park: The park is adjacent to Love Blissful Town, only two or three thousand meters away from Malacca City. Each house in the park represents the architectural style of each Malaysian state. The interior decoration, utensils, works of art, handicrafts, traditional clothing, etc. are also displayed according to the customs of each state.The park will hold weekly cultural performances and traditional games to display Malaysia's cultural heritage.[51]
Mini Malaysia and Mini Asean Park
Zoo Malacca （Zoo Malacca）: It is located along the Love Blissful Road, about 13km from the urban area of Malacca, and is the second largest zoo in Malaysia, with a total area of about 54 hectares.There are thousands of animals in this zoo, with more than 200 species, includingIndian bison、IguanaandMalayan Tiger 。The zoo was opened to the public in 1963.[52]
Zoo Malacca
Forest Park: Forest parks in Malacca include Danrong Duan Leisure Forest, Shuangxi Ulang Leisure Forest, Bukit Ba Zhuleba Leisure Forest, Ningyi Mangrove Leisure ForestAir Keroh (Air Keroh Recreational Forest, now known as Love Blissful Botanical Garden) and Bukit Star Nanjia State Park.[53]
