Max·Ernst(Max Ernst, 1891-1976) Ernst, a German born French painter and sculptor.Ernst is known as“SurrealismOfDa Vinci”In Dada Movement and Surrealist art, he lived inleading role 。The rich and boundless imagination shown in his works and the sense of absurdity of the world are derived fromGermanicromanticismThe dreamy poetic atmosphere with illusory art has amazed the whole world.The tireless inventor constantly updated hisExpressive technique: He usesCollage、Friction method、Frottage And scrapingRubbing method, is committed to creating a changeable and colorful illusory world.It is known as an innovative artist with subversion.[1]
Max Ernst (1891-1976) was a German born painter and sculptor.DadaismandSurrealismOfSoul character。He is famous for his extremely changeable style and skills.Most of his art focuses on illusion and disturbing imagination.Dreamlike paintings such as "Elephant Celebes" and "Europe after the Rain" are full of magical and strange images.
Ernst developed the erasure painting method, combining textured erasure with sketch to create strange images.He also used 19th century prints to create complexCollage。Imagination and originality are the characteristics of his sculptures, such as The King Playing with the Queen and The Parisian Woman.
Personal experience
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Max Ernst was born inCologneHe became a painter through self-study.World War IAfter retirement, he founded CologneDadaGroup.In 1922, he settled in Paris, where he joined the surrealist school.World War IIErnst lived in the United States.
works
Art History
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Max Ernst (1891-1976), a German born French painter and sculptor.In 1891, he was born in Breuer town near Cologne, the ancient capital of Germany.Cologne in the Middle Ages was the cultural center of Rhineland and the birthplace of the famous astrologer YakelebaalchemyIt is also a place full of ghosts and legends.
Ernst's father was a teacher and amateur painter, and his creation gave Ernst a certain artistic influence.Ernst was influenced by the strange legend of the ancient capital in his childhood, and his sensitivity led to various hallucinations.These have become the source of his fantasy painting in the future.
Ernst once recorded the illusion and characteristics of his childhood experience in his books. The illusion is the basis of his artistic expression and has an important impact on his artistic development.Ernst was also inUniversity of BonnStudy the thoughts of Nietzsche and FreudArt History, andGerman Literature。His attitude towards the emergingPsychiatryExtremely interested, often in and out ofMental hospitalAnd carefully study the patients.
From 1919 to 1921, Ernst created Dadaism collages, sketches and photosMosaicWorks.Together with Jean Arp and Johannes Bargard, he created a "collectivecollage ”, indicating the so-called "beautiful corpse".In 1920, he metPaul Eluard , and for the latterPoetic creationIllustrations and futureSurrealismThe participants moved on the canvas "In the Meeting of Friends".
Since 1923, he has used“Stream of consciousnessNarrative method ", trying to show a surrealist world.In the 1920s, the so-called "hallucination theme" appeared, which also resonated in Ernst's works.He used color and deformation to create a dreamlike scene: "full of plant and animal remainsCondensate。”At the same time, he also depicts torn bodies, strange animals and ghostly female images
In 1925, he pioneered the erasure painting method, which was described with tissue paperboardThe grooves on the surface to "stimulate the visual ability".Ernst gradually used other methods to create scratch paintingsPaper decalAnd novel collages and pad prints.
In 1942, when he was in the United States, he created a technique called "pouring" through the work "Young Man Stunned by a Flying Non Euclidean Geometric Fly", which was laterJackson Pollock Used systematically.Ernst also loved the art and mask modeling of American Indians, and incorporated its form into his works, creating works such as Dancer under the Starry Sky.
Artistic characteristics
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Ernst firstbonn I came into contact with art, and thenCologneAttendedDadaismSports, and devoted to ParisSurrealismThe art torrent.Its unique concept and pursuit of illusion expand the new aesthetic form.He has created a variety of rational andirrationalFor works with allegorical and metaphorical themes, the title of the works is consistent with or inconsistent with the content: surreal animals, human bodies, human like bodies, panoramic intuition of forms, and the shape of land and sky.
Artistic technique
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He used collagesFriction method, rubbing and scrapingRubbing method, is committed to creating a changeable and colorful illusory world.
Frottage
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Ernst inventedFrottage (Frottage), that is, rubbing the paper with the famous ink stick on the textured surface to develop various patterns such as wood grain, cloth yarn longitude and latitude, leaf vein, etc.He believes that this can reduce the initiative of the creator toMinimumTherefore, "with‘Automatic Writing’A real equivalent of what people know ".
In his book Beyond Painting, he said, "I was excited to stare at the ditches dug out on the floor after thousands of scrubbing, and a feeling of fascination moved me. Later, I decided to study the feeling of fascinationsymbolic meaning And in order to help my ability to meditate and create illusion, I randomly put pieces of paper printed with graphite on the board as a group of sketches.Gaze at the sketch carefully... I was shocked by the sudden change of my visual ability and a series of illusions of contradictory images formed by overlapping. "
In addition to rubbing, he also used the transfer printing method, that is, rubbing on the wet canvas to make the paint form a rough texture on another plane. By this method, the artist broke away from rational control and freely combined the occasional patterns to obtain works of unique value.This kind of work has a strange and vague shape and is full of visual attraction.
His works include Natural History (1926, brush print sketch);The collage "Hundred headed Women" (1929) and "Mercy for a Week" (1934).Above Painting (1948) contains his artistic views.
Artistic achievements
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Surrealist Max Ernst is aCologneOfDada SectArtist (Dada-K ü nstler).Dada artiststhe First World WarAt the end of this period, a kind of artistic counter current thought was formed.His hometown, Br ü hl, has established a modern museum for him to collect his paintings, prints and sculptures, including 58 new exhibits, focusing on the artist's early works.
