Food packaging materials refer to packaging, containing food orfood additivesPaper, bamboo, wood, metal, enamel, ceramics, plastics, rubberNatural fiber、Chemical fibre, glass and other products, and paints that are in direct contact with food or food additives.
In order to maintain the quality of food, prevent food from deterioration in the process of preservation, circulation and sales, prevent microbial pollution, and prevent ultra chemical and physical changes, all kinds of food must be packaged.In order to meet the needs of food packaging, different types of food are used.According to the classification of packaging materials, there are: metal can packaging, glass bottle packaging, paper container packaging, plastic packaging, etc.andPlastic packagingRapid development.
Metal cans
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The materials are divided into tinplate materials and aluminum plates.
The can making procedure can be divided into three pieces (bottom, cover and body) and two pieces (bottom, body, one or more punching and drawing forming, box).
Metal canned food can, suitable for packaging of various foods, has a long storage time, is easy to transport and sell, and is convenient to eat.From the perspective of food, it can also be divided into acidic food and sulfur-containing food. In order to meet the packaging requirements of acidic food and sulfur-containing food, the cans must have an anti-corrosion coating, usually called can inner coating. It is to paint the whole sheet of tinplate on the coating line before canning, bake it to form a film, become coated iron, and then go to canning.In addition to meeting the sanitary requirements: non-toxic, tasteless and odorless, the coating film must also meet the requirements of canning (impact resistance, toughness, adhesion to tinplate, etc.), the requirements of full cans (film compactness, film thickness, acid resistance or sulfur resistance) and the requirements of special products.
The coating iron used in canned food in China can be divided into: general acid and sulfur dual-use iron: the coating used is epoxy phenolic coating, which is suitable for general vegetables, fruits, poultry, meat, etc.In the coating iron for cans, it accounts for a large proportion.High acid resistant coating iron: mainly coating iron for tomato sauce, with a film thickness of more than 10g/m. There is also covering coating iron coated with enamel, such as coatings prepared by aluminum powder, imperial white powder, iron oxide red, etc. Sulfur resistant coating iron: in order to prevent sulfide pollution, zinc oxide or zinc carbonate that can absorb sulfide is added to the coating material. Or aluminum powder is used to color to provide sulfur spot coverage.
Detached coating iron: it generally refers to the special coating iron for lunch meat. In addition to the performance of the coating iron for general cans, it must have an anti stickiness to enable the contents to be poured out smoothly after opening the can and maintain the shape of lunch meat.The used release coating iron can be divided into two types according to the film forming mechanism of the anti sticking layer: one is to apply a layer of anti sticking layer on the ordinary coating iron.The other is to evenly mix the synthetic wax that plays an anti sticking role in the paint, and then coat the tinplate. During the baking film forming process, the synthetic wax seeps out of the surface to form an anti sticking layer.In addition, there are some special coating iron for special needs of products, such as M-20 coating iron for mushrooms.Coating iron for asparagus, # 51 coating iron for shredded meat (two piece can), etc.
Glass bottles
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Glass bottles have a long history as packaging containers.As a food packaging container, glass bottles have the following characteristics: transparency, sealing, chemical stability and reusability.But the disadvantage is fragile and heavy.From the types and manufacturing methods of glass bottles, it can be divided into general glass bottles, lightweight glass bottles, plastic strengthening bottles, chemical strengthening bottles, etc.From the glass bottle mouth, it can be divided into: narrow mouth bottle and wide mouth bottle.Thin mouth bottle is suitable for liquor, beverage, condiment, etc.Wide mouth bottle is suitable for canned food such as vegetables, fruits, jam, meat, etc.
Plastic packaging
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Plastic films have been widely used as food packaging materials. The films used include: polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), biaxially stretched polypropylene (OPP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl chloride (PET), nylon (NY) or the composite of several examples aboveComposite film。[1]
other
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As food packaging materials, in addition to the above mentioned, there are ceramic products, wood products, bamboo products, etc.
Development of packaging materials
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In recent years, in order to improve food safety and reduce environmental pollution, people pay more and more attention to the preparation of environment-friendly and biodegradable new packaging materials using natural polymer materials as raw materials.It is expected that in the future, recyclable and environment-friendly packaging materials will become the main trend of the development of the packaging industry,Green packaging materialsandNano packaging materialsIt will be vigorously developed and developed.[2]
