Food refers to all kinds of finished products and raw materials for human consumption or drinking, as well as articles that are traditionally both food and traditional Chinese medicine, but does not include articles for the purpose of treatment(The 12th session on April 24, 2015Standing Committee of the National People's CongressRevised at the 14th meeting《Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China》Meaning of "food")。[1]1994《Basic terms of food industry》Food is defined as: available for humanedibleOr drinking substances, including processed food,Partially Prepared ProductsAnd unprocessed food, excluding tobacco or substances used only for medicine.
From the perspective of food hygiene legislation and management, the broad concept of food also involves: raw materials of produced food, food raw material planting, substances and environment in contact with the breeding process, food additives, all direct or indirect contact with foodpackagingFacilities and the environment that affects the original quality of food.
[food] processed substances that can be used for human consumption;Canned food;Food industry.[2]
Citation explanation
fingerMeaty food：【Song Dynasty】Hong XunYang Gu Man Lu:“woman cookInvite foodvariety of dishesThe first food is sheep's hair, and the first dish is onion. "Song DynastyTaogu《Qing Yi Record·"A traveler lived in the King's Record Room of the Jin Dynasty and knew that he was going to kill a guest last night. When he asked about food, he said, 'The first thing is to pretend to be a sheep with a beautiful stone.'"
Food: refers to all kinds of finished products and raw materials for human consumption or drinking, as well as articles that are traditionally both food and medicine, but does not include articles for the purpose of treatment.[This definition comes from《Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China》】
classification
Generally, food can be divided into two parts: endogenous and exogenous substances.Among them, the endogenous substances are the ingredients of the food itself, while the exogenous substances are other ingredients artificially added or mixed in the whole process of food from processing to feeding.
According to the content of food ingredients, food ingredients can also be roughly divided into eight categories, namely:protein、Fat、Sugar(also called carbohydrate), inorganic substance (also called mineral substance), vitamins, water, dietary fiber (collectively called cellulose) and chitin, etc.[3]
Functions of food
There are two main functions of food on the human body, namely, nutritional function and sensory function. Some foods also have a regulatory effect.
Nutritional function of food: it refers to that food can provide nutrients and energy needed by human body to meet the nutritional needs of human body. It is the main function of food.
Sensory function of food: it refers to that food can meet the requirements of people's different hobbies, that is, the requirements of food color, aroma, taste, shape and texture.Good sensory properties can stimulate taste and smell, excite taste buds, stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and digestive juices, thus improving appetite and stabilizing emotions.
Regulating function of food: it means that food can have a good regulating effect on the human body, such as regulating the physiological rhythm of the human body, improving the immunity of the body, lowering blood pressure, blood fat, blood sugar and other effects.For example, celery can lower blood pressure, kelp can lower blood eye pressure and cholesterol, walnut can strengthen brain, and mung bean can clear heat and detoxify.Therefore, any food with regulatory function is called functional food or health food.[4]
Publicity Week
The 2012 National Food Safety Publicity Week was launched in Beijing on the 11th.Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State CouncilLi KeqiangMake important instructions.He pointed out that food safety is a major issue concerning the basic livelihood of every family and every person. While strengthening supervision and resolutely cracking down on food safety crimes in accordance with the law, we must focus on improving the moral integrity of the entire food industry, which is the fundamental foundation for achieving a sustainable, stable and better food safety situation.The theme of 2012 National Food Safety Publicity Week is "Building a Home of Integrity and Building Food Safety Together", which is of great practical significance.It is hoped that the Food Safety Office will work with relevant parties to innovate forms, focus on practical results, strengthen integrity education, strictly enforce external constraints, create an atmosphere of punishing evil and promoting good, being honest and shameful, promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism that will benefit those who are honest and punish those who are dishonest, so that food producers and operators dare not, cannot and will not produce fake and inferior food, and guide and encourage the whole society to participate in, maintain and supervise jointly,We will work hard to improve food safety and security.
This morning, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's CongressHua JianminAnnounce the official launch of food safety publicity week.During the Food Safety Publicity Week, all regions and relevant departments will closely focus on the theme of "building a home of integrity and building food safety together", use a variety of media and carriers to carry out publicity activities in various forms and with rich content, display the results of food safety governance and rectification, introduce typical cases and key deployment of combating food safety crimes and punishing serious dishonesty,Further strengthen the integrity awareness and legal awareness of food producers and operators.At the same time, we will deeply publicize honest and trustworthy model units and individuals, eliminate vice and promote integrity, create a strong atmosphere of honor and shame, and enhance the consciousness of producers and operators to fulfill the main responsibility of food safety;Widely popularize food safety knowledge, mobilize the whole society to participate in food safety supervision, and form a strong joint force to maintain food safety.
The food safety publicity week will adopt the multi angle and multi-level publicity mode of joint mobilization of relevant departments in all regions, holding a series of theme activities respectively, supervising the self-education of enterprises, and holding legal and policy lectures, typical case exhibitions, consumer guide consultations, consumer visits to enterprises, science knowledge contests, centralized training of employeesA series of activities close to enterprises and the masses, including the opening of major regulatory technology projects.At the same time, the Food Safety Publicity Week is also a specific measure to carry out special education and governance activities on prominent issues in the moral field.In the next step, the relevant departments will continue to strengthen supervision, carry out in-depth food safety governance and rectification, always maintain the high pressure situation of severely punishing illegal and criminal acts in food safety, dredge and combine, guide self-discipline, make integrity education in the food industry a normal work, further improve incentive and restraint measures, and strengthen the long-term mechanism construction of food safety integrity,Steadily improve the integrity level of the food industry.
green foodIt refers to pollution-free, safe, high-quality and nutritious food that follows the principle of sustainable development, is produced in accordance with a specific production mode, and is approved by a special agency to use the green food label.Since things related to environmental protection are usually crowned "green" in the world, in order to highlight that such food comes from a good ecological environment, it is named as green food.
Green food is divided into Class A, Class AA and Class AAA, all of which should comply with the Environmental Quality Standards for Green Food Producing Areas,Grade A green food is a product that uses a limited amount of chemical synthetic production materials in strict accordance with the rules for the use of green production materials and the requirements of production operation procedures during the production process, and is approved by a special agency to use the Grade A green food label;AAA grade green food is produced in an organic way. During the production process, no chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, veterinary drugs, food additives, feed additives and other substances harmful to the environment and health are used. The use of genetic engineering technology is prohibited, and the use of AAA grade green food marks is approved by a special agency.
produce
After World War II, Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries in the industrial modernization
On the basis of that, agricultural modernization has been realized successively.On the one hand, it has greatly enriched the food supply of these countries, on the other hand, it has also produced some negative effects.The main reason is that with the continuous and large amount of agricultural chemicals being imported into farmland, harmful chemicals are enriched in organisms through soil and water, and enter crops and livestock through the food chain, leading to food pollution and ultimately damaging human health.It can be seen that agriculture (also called "petroleum agriculture"), which relies excessively on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, will pose a hazard to the environment, resources and human health, and this hazard has the characteristics of concealment, accumulation and long-term.
In 1962, the AmericanRachel Carson Taking the measures taken by East Lansing, Michigan, to eliminate beetles that harm elm trees as an example, Ms. Zhang disclosed various situations of pesticide DDT harming other organisms.The city sprayed trees with DDT in large quantities. The leaves fell on the ground in autumn, and the earthworms ate the leaves. After spring, the robins ate the earthworms. A week later, almost all the robins in the city died.Mrs Carson is here《Silent spring 》The book wrote: "The world is widely polluted by insect control drugs. Chemicals have invaded the water on which everything depends, infiltrated into the soil, and spread a layer of harmful film on plants... which has caused serious harm to human beings.In addition, there are also terrible aftereffects, which may not be detected within a few years, and may even have an impact on genetics, which cannot be detected for several generations. "Ms. Carson's assertion undoubtedly sounded an alarm bell for the whole world.
In the early 1970s, the idea of "organic agriculture" was expanded from the United States to Europe and Japan to limit the excessive input of chemical substances to protect the ecological environment and improve food safety
Tides affect many countries.Some countries have begun to take economic measures and legal means to encourage and support the development and production of pollution-free food in their countries.Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, many countries have actively explored the mode of sustainable agricultural development from the perspective of agriculture to alleviate the serious pressure of oil agriculture on environment and resources.Europe, the United States, Japan, Australia and other developed countries and some developing countries have acceleratedecological agricultureResearch.Under this international background, China has decided to develop pollution-free, safe and high-quality nutritious food and named them "green food".
green foodThe (Green food) logo is represented by a specific graphic.The logo of green food is composed of three parts: the sun above, the leaves below and the middleBud, symbolizing natural ecology.The sign is round, meaning protection and safety.The color is green, symbolizing life, agriculture and environmental protection.AA grade green food signs and fonts are green, and the background color is white;Grade A green food signs and fonts are white, and the background color is green.The whole figure depicts a harmonious life under the bright sunshine, telling people that green food is pure and goodecological environmentSafe and pollution-free food can bring vigorous vitality to people.Green food signs also remind people toprotect the environmentAnd prevent pollution by improving the relationship between people and the environment.
standard
Green Food Label.jpg
At import and exportFood inspectionIn quarantine management, "other food related items" are usually included in the food management category.Green food is a general term for pollution-free, safe, high-quality and nutritious food.Similar food is called organic food, ecological food and natural food in other countries.
In May 1990, the Ministry of Agriculture of China formally stipulated the name, standard and logo of green food.Standard provisions:
① The origin of products or product raw materials must meet the ecological environment standards of green food.
② Crop planting, livestock breeding, aquaculture and food processing must comply with the production and operation procedures of green food.
③ The products must meet the quality and hygiene standards of green food.
④ The label of the product must comply with the regulations formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture of China《Green food labelDesign Standards Manual.
sign
The symbol of green food is a green circular pattern, with the sun above and leaves and buds below, which symbolizes protection.After testing, more than 400 kinds of food produced by more than 200 enterprises in China have reachedGreen food standard(By the end of 1993), it has obtained the right to use the green food label and become a green food.Vegetables are the main component of green food.
significance
The development of green food is the need of people's awareness of environmental protection, health and living standards, the development direction of agriculture and food industry, and one of the important measures to develop high-yield and high-quality agriculture.
Pollution free food
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pollution-free farm produce (Food) refers to the food whose production environment, production process and final product conform to the standards and specifications of pollution-free food, which has been recognized by the specialized agency and is allowed to use the label of pollution-free agricultural products.Safe artificial synthesis is allowed to be used in limited quantity, limited variety and limited time during the production of pollution-free agricultural productsChemical pesticide、Veterinary medicine、Fishery medicine、fertilizer、feed additive Etc.
New resource foodIt refers to the articles that are developed, discovered or introduced for the first time in China without eating habits, or only have eating habits in some regions, and meet the basic requirements of food.The trial production and formal production of new resource food shall be examined and approved by the Ministry of Health, which shall issue the "Hygienic Examination Approval Document for the Trial Production of New Resource Food" with the approval number of "Wei Xin Shi Shi Shi Zi (XX) No. X". The words "New Resource Food" and the approval number for the trial production of new resource food must be marked prominently on the advertising and packaging of the trial production of new resource food.
transgenic foodIt refers to the food andfood additives, including: ⑴ transgenic animals and plants, microbial products; ⑵Transgenic animals, plants and microorganism directly processed products; ⑶Food and food additives produced from genetically modified animals, plants, microorganisms or their direct processed products.
As a kind of new resource food, genetically modified food can be produced or imported only after being reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Health.Genetically modified food that has not been examined and approved by the Ministry of Health shall not be produced or imported, nor used as food or food raw materials.Genetically modified food shall comply with the provisions of the Food Hygiene Law and its relevant regulations, rules and standards, and shall not cause acute, chronic or other potential health hazards to human beings.The edible safety and nutritional quality of genetically modified food shall not be lower than the corresponding original food.Food products (including raw materials and processed foods) containing genetically modified organisms or/and expression products shall be marked with "GM XX food" or "GM XX food as raw material".If the genetically modified food comes from potentially allergenic food, the standard of "this product transfers XX food gene, and people who are allergic to XX food should pay attention" should also be standardized.
Irradiated food
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Irradiated foodIt refers to the food irradiated and processed with γ ray produced by cobalt 60 and cesium 137 or electron beam less than 10MeV produced by electron accelerator, including irradiated food raw materials and semi-finished products.The state implements a licensing system for food irradiation processing, and after the Ministry of Health examines and approves, it issues an approval number of irradiated food varieties, which is "Wei Shi Fu Zi (XX) No. X".The package of irradiated food must be labeled with the irradiated food label uniformly formulated by the Ministry of Health.
health food
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Vegetables
health foodIt is a kind of food, which has the common characteristics of general food. Its raw materials are also mainly from natural animals and plants. Through advanced production technology, the rich functional ingredients contained in it can play an extreme role, so as to regulate human function and be suitable for the special food eaten by the corresponding people with specific functional needs.
Health food can be divided into: nutritional supplement type, antioxidant type (longevity type), weight loss type, auxiliary treatment type, etc.Among them,nutrientThe health function of supplements is to supplement one or more essential nutrients for human body.Functional health food, on the other hand, plays a specific and special regulating function through its functional ingredients.
Milk: every 100g of milk contains 3.5g of protein, 4.0g of fat, 5g of carbohydrates, 120mg of calcium, 93mg of phosphorus, 0.2mg of iron, 0.04mg of thiamine, 0.13mg of riboflavin, 0.2mg of niacin, 42mg of vitamin A42 and C1 mg of vitamin.The lysine content in milk protein is second only toEggs The cholesterol content is only 16 mg per 100 grams.
2. HealthVegetables: sweet potatoes are rich in vitamins andanticancerExpert, the first of all vegetables.Next are asparagus, cabbage, cauliflowerCelery, eggplant, beet, carrot, shepherd's purse, kohlrabi, flammulina velutipes, Xuelihong, Chinese cabbage.
3. HealthMeat: The chemical structure of goose and duck meat is close to olive oil, which is good for the heart.Chicken is called "the best source of protein".
Green Plum
4. Best Brain Food: spinach, leek, pumpkin, onion, cauliflower, vegetable pepperpeas, tomatoes, carrots, green vegetables, garlic seedlings, celery and other vegetables, walnuts, peanuts, pistachios, cashewsFragrant rice, pine nuts, almonds, soybeans, etcNutsAnd brown rice, pig liver, etc.
5. HealthSoup: Chicken soup is the best, especially hen soup, and it can prevent and cure coldsbronchitisIt is especially suitable for drinking in winter and spring.
6. HealthCooking oil: corn oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, etc. are particularly good, and vegetable oil and animal oil are better blended at a ratio of 1:0.5.
In a word, no matter what kind of healthy food is, it is all for health care. It cannot be taken quickly, but it needs to be taken for a long time to benefit people.
Organic food
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Healthy vegetables
Organic foodIt is an international general name, which is a literal translation from English Organic Food. It is also called ecological or biological food in other languages.The "organic" here is not a chemical concept, but refers to the adoption of an organic farming and processing method.Organic food refers to all agricultural and sideline products that come from the organic agricultural production system and are produced and processed according to the requirements of organic agricultural production and corresponding standards, that is, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, chemical additives and other chemical substances are not used in the production of raw materials and product processing, and genetic engineering technology is not used. They are certified by independent organic food certification agencies,Including grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, livestock and poultry productsHoney, aquatic products, spices, etc.
Organic food is a relatively unified reference to pollution-free natural food in the national standard.In addition to organic food, some derived products such asOrganic cosmeticsProduction materials provided for the production of textiles, forest products or organic food, including biological pesticides, organic fertilizers, etc., are collectively referred to as organic products after certification.
Specialty food
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The unique or famous products in a certain place must have history and cultural connotation,Specialty foodVery popular.
Meat food
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Meat products, also called meat products, refer to cooked meat products or semi-finished products, such as sausagesHamBacon, braised pork with soy sauce, barbecue, etc.That is to say, all meat products with livestock and poultry meat as the main raw material and seasoning added are called meat products, regardless of processing technology, including sausage, ham, bacon, braised meat with soy sauce, barbecued meatjerky, preserved meat, meatballs, seasoned meat kebabs, meat cakes, cured meat, crystal meat, etc.
With the progress of global medical treatment and the improvement of economic environment, the quality of human life has been greatly improved, and the average life span has also been extended;In developing and developed countries, the problem of population aging is becoming more and more serious. In addition, the number of chronic patients has gradually increased due to westernization of diet, and the national health care expenditure has sharply increased, making the concepts and commodities of preventive medicine and health care increasingly valued by the world.
In terms of the definition of health industry, it can be divided into two parts: narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense refers to products and services related to human health, such as pharmaceutical production and marketing and medical related services, which is also called health care.The broad definition includes medical related peripheral industries, such as cosmetics, nutrition and health care products, leisure and fitness.
Categorize the concept of health according to needs, which can be mainly divided into three categories: nutrition supplement, disease prevention/improvement, and specific functions. Nutrition supplement is to supplement one or more nutrients necessary for the human body, such as vitamin A, C, etc., mainly by eating;Disease prevention/improvement, through eating or using the instrument, to achieve the effect, such as eating food to regulate blood pressure/blood sugar, or sports and massage to achieve the effect of disease prevention;Specific functions mainly refer to products with significant curative effects. For example, patients with cereal protein allergy must eat cereal food that has been specially treated and extracted from wheat protein, rice protein, etc.
These commodities with the concept of health and health care can be generally referred to as functional food, which can be further subdivided into three categories: general functional food, health food and drugs according to its composition, efficacy, regulations, etc.
Generally, people think or believe that food can bring some benefits to the body. As long as these foods claim to promote health, they can be called.
Carcinogenic food
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blacklist
Carcinogenic food, please be careful
Salted fish: The dimethyl nitrite produced by salted fish can be converted into the carcinogen dimethylnitrite amine in the body.Shrimp paste, salted eggs, pickles, sausages, ham, and smoked pork also contain carcinogens, and should be eaten as little as possible.
Barbecue food: roast beef, roast duck, roast mutton, roast goose, roast suckling pig, roast mutton kebabs, etc., which should not be eaten more because of strong carcinogens.
Fumigated food: such as smoked meat, smoked liver, smoked fish, smoked eggs, smoked dried bean curd and other carcinogens containing benzopyrene, which are easy to suffer from esophageal cancer and gastric cancer if eaten regularly.
Fried food: after frying, it will produce carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.After the coffee is burnt, benzopyrene will increase 20 times.Oil pancakes, stinky tofu, fried taro, fried dough sticks, etc., because most of them use oil repeatedly, carcinogens will be produced under high temperature.
Mouldy substances: rice, wheat, beans, corn, peanuts and other foods are susceptible to moisture and mildew, and can produce carcinogenic poison Aflatoxin after being contaminated by mold.
Overnight cooked cabbage and sauerkraut: nitrite will be produced and will be transformed into nitrite carcinogens in the body.
Betelnut: chewing betelnut is a factor that causes oral cancer.
Repeated boiling water: Repeated boiling water contains nitrite, which forms carcinogenic nitrite amine after entering human body.
Ham+lactic acid drink is easy to cause cancer - people who use sandwiches with yogurt for breakfast should be careful. Ham, bacon, etc. in sandwiches and lactic acid drinks are easy to cause cancer.To preserve meat products, food manufacturers add nitrates to prevent food spoilage and the growth of botulinum toxin.When nitrate meets organic acid, it will change into a carcinogen nitrosamine.
(1) Natural carcinogens in food mainly include nitroso compounds, high-fat substances, high concentration alcohol, etc.Among them, the precursor of nitroso compounds has a high content in stale food such as decayed food. When the human body has atrophic gastritis or insufficient gastric acid secretion, the stomach combines the precursor of nitroso compounds into nitroso compounds.
(2) Carcinogens in food pollutants mainly include:
Household pesticides and household detergents may contain carcinogenic compounds, and the food in contact with them may be contaminated.
Some hormone preparations can enter edible poultry and livestock through veterinary treatment or feed additives, thus inducing tumors related to endocrine system.
someFood packaging materialsIt contains multi link hydroxyl compounds, which have potential carcinogenicity.Such as food packaging bags, wrapping paper, etc.
Carcinogenic substances in the air accumulate in food through soil, water and other ways.
(3) Additives in food, such as preservatives, food colors, spices, flavoring agents and nitrosamines contained in other additives.
(4) Carcinogens caused by food processing and storage, smoked food and pickled food contain a large number of cycloaromatic hydroxyl carcinogens, and aflatoxin contained in moldy rice, corn and beans has a strong carcinogenic effect on humans and animals.
Natural carcinogenesis
(1) Nitroso compound
It is a common carcinogen in food. It can be synthesized from its precursors (amines, nitrites and nitrates) in animals, humans, food and the environment. These precursors can be found in a variety of foods, especially poor quality stale foods such as leftover vegetables, rotten vegetables, etc.The main part of the human body to synthesize nitroso compounds is the stomach. Especially when atrophic gastritis or gastric acid is insufficient, it can be synthesized from nitrite ingested in saliva and amine in food. Nitroso compounds have been detected in animal and human gastric juice.
(2) High-fat diet
Research has found that long-term high-fat diet is prone to breast cancer, uterine cancer and colorectal cancer.This is particularly evident in some developed countries.
(3) High alcohol
alcoholIt is a surface disinfectant. High concentration of alcohol can makeProtein denaturationAnd increase the incidence of tumor.
Pollution causes cancer
(1) Many foods can bePAHs pollutionThese substances have been proved to have carcinogenic effect, especially benzopyrene with strong carcinogenic activity.Most of these substances come from the pollution of heating system, industrial system and transportation. These substances can accumulate in food not only through the atmosphere, but also through water, soil and other ways.
(2) Many foods, such as grains, fruits and vegetables, can be contaminated by pesticides. The commonly used pesticides and detergents in life may contain carcinogenic compounds.
(3) Some hormone preparations can enter the animal body through veterinary treatment or by adding feed.When people eat these livestock and poultry, they can ingest the hormones left in these livestock and poultry.The observation shows that both estrogen and progesterone can induce tumors related to endocrine system.
(4) Some food packaging materials, such as plastic bags, paper printed with words and patterns, and paraffin on packaging boxes, may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potentially carcinogenic.
additive
Food additives include preservatives, food pigments, spices, flavorings and other additives.Many packaged foods on the market contain preservatives, and preservatives contain a large number of nitrosamines, which have obvious cancer promoting effects.
Carcinogen
In smoked food and salted food, there are a lot of cycloaromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens.Moreover, high concentration of salt can not only reduce the concentration of gastric mucus protein, destroy the protective effect of gastric mucus barrier, and make carcinogens entering the digestive tract directly enter the gastric mucosa, thus inducing cancer;On the other hand, high salt food can also cause gastric mucosa ulceration, causing cancer.Sauerkraut contains a lot of nitrate and nitrite.Under certain conditions, these substances can combine with secondary amines in amines to form nitrosamines with strong carcinogenicity.Amines not only exist in large quantities in nature, but also mold can often increase the content of secondary amines in food.
Improper food storage and transportation may cause mildew. Aflatoxin contained in moldy rice, corn and peanuts has a strong carcinogenic effect on humans and animals.
Food is one of the three major elements that constitute human life and health. Once food is polluted, it will endanger human health. Food pollution refers to all kinds of food that people eat, such as grain, fruit, etc,Food pollution can be divided into biological pollution and chemical pollutionBiological pollutionIt refers to food polluted by harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Chemical pollution is caused by food polluted by harmful and toxic chemicals. Various pesticides are the main reasons for food chemical pollution.
About pollution
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Food pollution is divided into biological, chemical and physical pollution.
Biological pollution
Biological pollution refers to the food polluted by harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.Bacteria and fungi belonging to microorganisms are invisible to human eyes.Eggs stink and vegetables rot, mainly because of bacteria and fungi.There are many kinds of bacteria. Some bacteria, such as Proteus, Yellow Bacillus and Enterobacter, can directly pollute animal food, and can also pollute animal food through tools, containers, washing water and other ways, causing food corruption.There are many kinds of fungi, more than 50000.The first mold to serve human beings is a kind of fungus.Nowadays, people can't eat fermented bean curd and soy sauce without mold.But more than one hundred strains can produce toxins, and aflatoxin is the most toxic.After food is polluted by this toxin, it will cause animal primary liver cancer.According to the survey, the incidence of liver cancer in areas with high aflatoxin content in food is dozens of times higher than that in other areas.British scientists believe that breast cancer may be related to aflatoxin.ChinaEast China、Central South RegionThe climate is warm and humid, and aflatoxin pollution is common, mainly on peanuts and corn, followed by rice and other foods.The parasites that pollute food mainly include roundworm, tapeworm, trichinella spiralis, etc. These parasites generally pollute water source and soil through the feces of patients and sick animals, and then pollute fish, fruits and vegetables. People will cause parasitic diseases after eating them.
The pollution of molds and their toxins to food is mostly seen in the rainy areas in the south. There are about 200 kinds of known mycotoxins. Different molds have different toxin producing capacities and toxins have different toxicity.The mycotoxins closely related to food include aflatoxin, ochratoxin, variegated aspergillus toxinIsland penicillin、Huang Tianjing, citrinin, laminin, trichosporins, butenolide, etc.After mold and mycotoxin contaminate food, there are two main hazards;Namely, food deterioration caused by mold and human poisoning caused by toxin produced by mold.Mold contaminated food can reduce the edible value of food, or even completely inedible, resulting in huge economic losses.According to statistics, on average, 2% of the world's grains are inedible due to mildew every year.The poisoning caused by mycotoxin is mostly caused by grains, oil crops and fermented food contaminated by mold, and the mycotoxin often shows obvious local and seasonal characteristics.
There are many factors that affect the growth, reproduction and toxin production of mold. Water, temperature, substrate, ventilation and other conditions are closely related to food. Therefore, controlling these conditions can reduce the harm of mold and toxin to food.
Pollution pathway
Bacteria can pollute food through the following ways: First, they can pollute food raw materials: there are many kinds of food raw materials with wide sources, and the degree of bacterial pollution varies with different varieties and sources;The second is the pollution during food processing;The third is the pollution caused to food in the process of food storage, transportation and sales.Bacterial contamination indicators of food mainly include total bacterial count, coliform group, pathogenic bacteria, etc.Common bacteria liable to contaminate food include Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Clostridium, Enterobacter, Vibrio andFlavobacterium, halophilic bacteriaLactobacillusEtc.
The food quality and safety problem caused by the chemical pollution of food is the chemical pollution of food.At present, the most serious hazards are chemical pesticides, harmful metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo (a) pyrene, N-nitroso compounds and other chemical pollutants. Abuse of food processing tools, food containers, food additives, plant growth promoters and other important factors that cause food chemical pollution.
Common chemical pollution of food includes pesticide pollution and industrial harmful substances pollution.At present, there are more than 1400 kinds of chemical pesticides in the world, about 40 of which are used as the basis. According to their uses, they can be divided into pesticides, fungicides, herbicidesplant growth regulator, grain fumigant, etc;According to its chemical composition, it includes organic chlorine, organic phosphorus, organic fluorine, organic nitrogen, organic sulfur, organic arsenic, organic mercury, carbamate, etc.In addition, there are food fumigants such as chloropicrin and zinc phosphide.In addition to causing acute poisoning to human body, most pesticides will cause chronic harm to human body, and they are all caused by polluting food.The main ways of pesticide contamination of food are as follows: First, to prevent and controlCrop diseases and insect pestsUse pesticides and spray crops to directly pollute edible crops;The second is the absorption of plant roots;Third, the sky falls with rain;Fourth, food chain enrichment;Fifth, mixed storage in transportation and storage.Several commonly used pesticides that are easy to pollute food include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, organomercury pesticides, carbamate pesticides, etc.
With the development of modern industrial technology, people pay more and more attention to the pollution of industrial harmful substances and other chemicals on food.Industrial hazardous substances and other chemical substances mainly refer to metal poisons (if anyMethylmercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, N-pinylidene compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds), etc.The ways of industrial hazardous substances polluting food mainly include environmental pollution, pollution of food containers, packaging materials, production equipment and tools, and pollution during food transportation.
② Food containers, packaging materials, transportation vehicles and other (harmful substances) dissolved in food
③ Abuse (food additives)
④ Substances produced during food processing and storage, such as harmful substances in winealcohols, aldehydes, etc
⑤ Substances added in the process of adulteration and forgery
Physical pollution
It mainly comes from a variety of complex non chemical impurities. Although some pollutants may not threaten the health of consumers, they seriously affect the sensory properties and/or nutritional value of food. Food quality cannot be guaranteed, mainly including: ① pollutants from food production, storage, transportation and marketing, such as grass seeds mixed in grain harvesting, impurities in liquid food container poolsDust and flies during food transportation and marketing; ②Food adulteration, such as sand and stone mixed in grain, water injected into meat, milk powder mixed with a large amount of sugar, etc.; ③The radioactive pollution of food mainly comes from the pollution caused by the mining, smelting, production, application and accidents of radioactive substances.
The physical pollution of food usually refers to the food quality and safety problems caused by the impurities in the food production and processing process exceeding the specified content, or the food adsorption and absorption of foreign radionuclides.
For example, during the production of wheat flour, magnetic metals are mixed in, which is a physical pollution.The other form is radioactive pollution. For example, natural radioactive substances are widely distributed in nature. They exist in ores, soil, natural water, atmosphere and all tissues of animals and plants. In particular, aquatic products such as fish and shellfish have a strong enrichment effect on some radionuclides,The content of radioactive nuclides in the food used may exceed the specific radioactivity of the nuclides in the surrounding environment significantly.The pollution of radioactive substances is mainly through water and soil to pollute crops, aquatic products, feed, etc., enter food through the biosphere, and can be transferred through the food chain.There are three ways for radionuclides to contaminate food: one is the contamination of fallout from nuclear tests;The second is the pollution caused by the discharge of waste from nuclear power plants and nuclear industry;Third, accidental leakage caused local pollution.
Chemical pollution
Chemical pollution refers to the pollution of harmful chemicals.Chemical pesticides are widely used in farmland and orchard, which is the main reason for chemical pollution of grain, vegetables and fruits.These pollutants can also enter the water body with the rain, and then enter the fish and shrimp body.After a lake in China was polluted by pesticides, many fish were deformed and had a strong taste of medicine after cooking, so it was called "medicinal fish".These "medicinal fish" have poisoned hundreds of people.Some farmers hang grain on the road, which is easy to contaminate the grain with volatile matter in asphalt, thus having adverse effects on human health.
With the development of social urbanization, people have got rid of the kind of self-sufficient pastoral life.Many grains, vegetables, fruits and meat have to be transported or stored for a long distance, or processed many times before they are sent to people.During the transportation, storage and processing of these foods, people often put various additives into foods, such as preservatives, bactericides, bleaches, antioxidants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, colorants, etc., many of which have certain toxicity.For example, excessive use of the preservative salicylic acid may cause vomiting, diarrhea, central nerve paralysis, and even death.
Pollution hazard
Food pollution is a major problem endangering people's health.To prevent food pollution, in addition to personal attention to food hygiene, it also requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society.
Food pollution refers to the direct destruction or recycling of products that are contaminated during production, processing, packaging and other processes, which may cause harm to consumers' personal safety.
Impact of food pollution on health Food mixed with substances harmful or toxic to human health is called food pollution.The substances that pollute food are called food pollutants.Eating contaminated food will cause harm to human health to varying degrees.
Pollution classification
It can be divided into biological pollution, chemical pollution and radioactive pollution.
Biological pollution: It is mainly caused by harmful microorganisms and their toxins, parasites and their eggs and insects.Animal foods such as meat, fish, eggs and milk are easy to be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, leading to the occurrence of bacteria in consumersfood poisoningInfectious diseases shared by humans and animals.Pathogens mainly come from patients, carriers, sick animals, sick poultry, etc.Pathogens and their toxins can contaminate food through air, soil, water, tableware, patients' hands or excreta.Food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, especially animal food, may cause salmonella orStaphylococcus aureusBacterial food poisoning such as toxin.Eating contaminated food can also cause anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis (wavy fever) and other infectious diseases.
Mould is widely distributed in nature.The crops, air, soil and containers polluted by mold can pollute food.Under suitable conditions, some fungal strains can produce toxic metabolites, namely mycotoxins (see the impact of mold pollution on health).For example, aflatoxin and mycotoxin of single telomerase have strong toxicity to humans and animals.A large amount of food contaminated by mold and toxin will cause food poisoning;Long term intake of small amounts of contaminated food can also cause chronic disease or cancer.Some mycotoxins can also be transferred from animals or human bodies into milk, damaging the health of milk drinkers.
Microbes contain enzymes that can decompose various organic substances.After these microorganisms contaminate the food, they grow and reproduce in large quantities under appropriate conditions. The protein, fat and sugar in the food can be decomposed under the action of various enzymes, making the sensory properties of the food worse, reducing the nutritional value, and even rotting.
The parasites that pollute food mainly include tapeworm, trichinella, clonorchis sinensis and ascaris lumbricoides.The main sources of pollution are patients, sick animals and aquatic organisms.The pollutants generally pollute the water source or soil through the feces of patients or sick animals, and then infect or pollute livestock, fish and vegetables.
The storage conditions of grain and all kinds of food are poor, and it is easy to breed various storage pests.For example, beetles, moths and mites in grains;Fly maggots in fish, meat, sauce or pickled vegetables, and dried fly larvae in salted fish.Jujubes, chestnuts, biscuits, snacks and other foods with more sugar are particularly vulnerable.Insect contamination can damage a large number of food, but it has not been found that insect contaminated food causes significant harm to human health.
Chemical pollutionIt mainly refers to the pollution of agricultural chemicals, food additives, food packaging containers and industrial wastes, and the pollution caused by mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, cyanide, organic phosphorus, organic chlorine, nitrite, nitrosamines and other organic or inorganic compounds.The causes of chemical pollution are as follows: ① The extensive application and improper use of agricultural chemicals. ②Use food additives that do not meet hygiene requirements. ③The use of packaging containers that do not meet the hygiene requirements may cause the soluble harmful substances on the containers to enter the food when contacting the food. For example, lead in ceramics and vinyl chloride monomer in PVC plastics may be transferred into the food.For another example, paraffin on wax paper may contain benzo (a) pyrene, and polychlorinated biphenyls may be contained in color ink and printing paper, which are particularly easy to be dissolved in food rich in oil. ④The environmental pollution caused by unreasonable industrial emissions will also harm human health through the food chain.
Radioactive contaminationRadioactive substances in food include those from the earth's crust, which are called natural background;There are also radioactive substances generated from nuclear weapon tests or peaceful use of radioactive energy, that is, man-made radioactive pollution (see the impact of radioactive pollution on health).Some fish can enrich metal isotopes, such as 137 Cs and 90 Sr.The latter has a longer half-life, is more concentrated in bone tissue, and is not easy to be discharged, which has a certain impact on the body's hematopoietic organs.Some marine animals, such as molluscs, can enrich 90 strontium, oysters can enrich 65 zinc, and some fish can enrich 55 iron.
The harm to human health has many manifestations.A large amount of contaminated food ingested at one time can cause acute poisoning, i.e. food poisoning, such as bacterial food poisoning, pesticide food poisoning and mycotoxin poisoning.Long term (usually six months to more than one year) ingestion of a small amount of food containing pollutants can cause chronic poisoning.The cause of chronic poisoning is difficult to trace, and the impact is more extensive, so special attention should be paid.For example, a few months after ingesting the food containing residual organomercury pesticides, there will be fatigue in the whole body, increased urine mercury content and other symptoms;Long term ingestion of food contaminated with trace aflatoxin can cause degeneration, necrosis, fat infiltration of liver cells, proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells, and even canceration.Chronic poisoning can also be manifested as growth retardation, infertility, abortion, stillbirth and other reproductive dysfunction, and some can also deform the fetus through the mother.The known teratogenic substances related to food include phenylmercury acetate, methylmercury, 2,4-dioxin, dieldrin, aldrin, DDT, chlordane, heptachlor and dikubis, etc.
Some food contaminants also have mutagenic effects.If mutations occur in germ cells, normal pregnancy may be obstructed, or even unable to conceive, resulting in fetal malformation or premature death.If mutation occurs in somatic cells, it can cause abnormal proliferation of cells that no longer proliferate under normal circumstances and form the basis of canceration.The food related mutagens include benzo (a) pyrene, aflatoxin, DDT, dieldrin and alkyl mercury compounds.
Some food contaminants can cause cancer.For example, rats fed with moldy corn or peanuts containing aflatoxin B1 can induce liver cancer.Carcinogens related to food include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, inorganic salts (some arsenic compounds, etc.), aflatoxin B1 and biological alkylating agents (such as epoxides in highly oxidized fats and oils).
Pollution prevention
We should not only pay attention to food hygiene, but also start from every detail. Only in this way can we fundamentally solve the problem. To prevent food pollution, we should not only pay attention to food hygiene, but also start from every detail. Only in this way can we fundamentally solve the problem. The prevention and control measures for food pollution mainly include:
(1) Carry out health publicity and education;
(2) Food production and marketing units shall fully implement food hygiene laws and national hygiene standards;
（3）Food hygiene supervision organizationWe should strengthen food hygiene supervision and control the quality of food production, delivery, sale, export and import;
(4) Strengthening pesticide management;
(5) In disaster areas, the management of food transportation and storage should be particularly strengthened to prevent accidental food contamination accidents.
How to distinguish spoiled food from sensory?
The so-called sensory identification is a simple and effective method to detect the initial deterioration of food based on human vision, smell, touch and taste.Food spoilage can be identified from the following aspects: ① color change.When food spoils due to microbial reproduction, food color will change.Yellow, purple, brown, orange, red and black flake spots or all discoloration will often occur. ②Odor changes.Food spoilage will produce odor, such as musty odor, vinegar odor, amine odor, fecal odor, hydrogen sulfide odor, ester odor, etcTaste changes.When microorganisms cause food spoilage, they often cause changes in food taste.It is easy to distinguish sour taste and bitter taste in taste change.For example, the sour taste of tomato products is slightly increased when microorganisms cause rancidity;Milk contaminated by Pseudomonas will produce bitter taste;Protein coatingEscherichia coli、MicrococcusIt will also produce bitter taste after microbial contamination and deterioration. ④Changes in organizational status.Deterioration of solid food can destroy the tissue and cells, causing the overflow of cell contents, and the properties of food will be deformed and softened;When fish and meat foods deteriorate, they will become loose and have poor elasticity, and sometimes the tissue surface will become sticky;Food processed after crushing, such as fish cake, milk powder, jam, etc., often become sticky, caked, deformed, moist or sticky after deterioration;After liquid food deteriorates, it will appear turbidity, sedimentation, floating film and thickening on the surface;Deteriorated fresh milk may have clots, whey precipitation, thickening and other phenomena, and sometimes may produce gas.
Will the pickled food deteriorate?
Salting is a method of preserving food, such as saltingSalted fish、baconEtc.The pickled food can not only be preserved for a long time, but also has a certain special flavor.In general, when the salt concentration is above 10%, most bacteria can be inhibited and cannot reproduce. When the salt concentration is above 15%, food can be preserved for a long time.Preserve the pickled food and put some on itLilac、Sichuan Pepper、gingerIt can prevent the smell from becoming stale.But there are also some bacteria that can grow in salted food. For example, one kind of halobacterium can even reproduce in saturated salt water. Therefore, if the salted food is contaminated by bacteria, it will deteriorate.
Food Safety
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According to the definition of the World Health Organization, food safety means that "toxic and harmful substances in food have an impact on human healthPublic HealthQuestions ".Food safety requires that all risks of acute or chronic damage to human health caused by food do not exist, which is an absolute concept.Food safety is a special subject to discuss how to ensure food hygiene and food safety in the process of food processing, storage, sales, etc., reduce disease risks, and preventfood poisoningAn interdisciplinary field of.
Letter of Commitment on Food Safety
In order to ensure the food safety of consumers, strengthen industry self-discipline and prevent food poisoning, our company (store) solemnly promises to consumers as follows:
1、 The legal person (person in charge) is the first person responsible for food safety, earnestly implements the food safety system and norms in the circulation field, and actively accepts the supervision of the industry and commerce department, consumers and society.
2、 Ensure to strengthen the management of purchase and sales, and establish and improve various systems.
3、 Carry out business activities in strict accordance with the business scope approved by the business license and health license.
4、 Do not use certified personnel who have not obtained valid health certificates and qualified training from relevant departments to engage in food business activities.
5、 The dining environment shall be clean and sanitary to the standard.
6、 All food and raw materials purchased shall be claimed for certificates and tickets according to the specified varieties and scope.
7、 Ensure not to engage in illegal activities, not to use livestock, poultry, animals, aquatic animals and their products that died of disease, poisoning or unknown causes, and bear corresponding illegal responsibilities.
The above is the promise of our store. People from all walks of life and consumers are welcome to supervise.
In order to ensure the correct use of food additives in food, in general, their use should follow the following principles:
one
throughFood ToxicologyThe safety evaluation proves that long-term use within its use limit is harmless to human safety.
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It does not affect the sensory properties and physical and chemical indicators of the food itself, and has no destructive effect on the nutritional components.
three
Food additives shall beMinistry of Health, PRCHealth standards and quality standards for use issued and approved for implementation.
four
There should be clear inspection methods for food additives in application.
five
Food additives shall not be used for the purpose of covering up food corruption or adulteration, adulteration or forgery.
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It is not allowed to operate and use food additives without hygiene license, qualified product inspection, pollution and deterioration.
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Food additives can be destroyed or eliminated through processing, cooking or storage after reaching a certain purpose of use. It is safer if they are not ingested into the human body.
effect
Food additives have greatly promoted the development of the food industry and are known as the soul of modern food industry. This is mainly because they bring many benefits to the food industry. Their main functions are as follows:
1. It is conducive to the preservation of food and prevents food from spoilage.
For example, preservatives can prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms, extend the shelf life of food, and prevent food poisoning caused by microbial pollution.Another example: antioxidants can prevent or delay the oxidation and deterioration of food, so as to provide food stability and storage resistance, and also prevent the formation of potentially harmful lipid auto oxidants.In addition, it can also be used to prevent enzymatic browning and non enzymatic browning of foods, especially fruits and vegetables.These are of certain significance for food preservation.
2. Improve the sensory properties of food.
Food color, aroma, taste, shape and texture are important indicators to measure food quality.Appropriate use of food additives such as colorants, color fixatives, bleaching agents, food spices, emulsifiers, thickeners, etc. can significantly improve the sensory quality of food and meet people's different needs.
3. Maintain or improve the nutritional value of food.
Appropriate addition of some natural nutrition products during food processingfood nutrition reinforcement It can greatly improve the nutritional value of food, which is of great significance to prevent malnutrition and nutrient deficiency, promote nutrition balance, and improve people's health.
4. Increase the variety and convenience of food.
Today, there are more than 20000 kinds of food available for consumers to choose from. Although most of these foods are produced through certain packaging and different processing methods, most of the products with full color, flavor and taste have added color, flavor, seasoning and other food additives to varying degrees in production engineering.It is these numerous foods, especially the supply of convenience food, that bring great convenience to people's life and work.
5. It is favorable for food processing and production, and is suitable for mechanization and automation of production.
The use of defoamers, filter aids, stabilizers and coagulants in food processing can facilitate food processing operations.For example, when delta lactone gluconate is used as the coagulant of tofu, it can facilitate the mechanization and automation of tofu production.
6. Meet other special needs.
Food should meet people's different needs as much as possible.For example, diabetics who cannot eat sugar can use non nutritional sweeteners or low calorie sweeteners, such as sucralose orAspartyl phenylalanine methyl esterMake sugar free food supply.
Food inspection
Basis: Foreign trade relations are inspected according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
(1) Basis for quality inspection of export commodities:
A、Mandatory inspection standards:
a、The standards specified in the laws and regulations promulgated by the state.
b、Provisions of bilateral agreements between national governments.
B、Legal inspection basis (contract, letter of credit, etc.).
C、Other new commodities and commodities without packaging standards shall be handled according to relevant laws and regulations and the actual situation.
(2) Basis for veterinary hygiene inspection of exported food and livestock products:
A、Basis for veterinary hygiene inspection of exported food and livestock products:
a、China's legal and administrative provisions.
b、Contract and letter of credit.
c、China's relevant health quality standards.
d、The relevant provisions of the State Commodity Inspection Bureau on the export of food and livestock products.
e、The relevant veterinary health regulations of the importing country and the relevant provisions of the bilateral quarantine agreement signed with China.
f、Other provisions, except for the specified inspection items, shall not contain harmful substances or malignant impurities.
B、Basis for veterinary hygiene inspection of exported aquatic products:
a、Contract and letter of credit.
b、Standards: If there are no regulations on the conditions of aquatic products, they shall be inspected according to the relevant export standards.
c、Samples or letters.
d、Relevant regulations: If physical and chemical, microbiological or other sanitary items need to be inspected, they shall be inspected in accordance with the operating procedures for export aquatic products inspection and relevant regulations.
e、Other provisions: For a small amount of local aquatic products without export standards, they can be inspected according to the provisional quality conditions proposed by the industry and trade inspection consultation.
Relieve pressure
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Eating something you like can help improve your mood
Satisfying your appetite can really make you feel happy, but what you eat will make you feel happy or relieve pressure, I believe many people want to know.Some people say that eating chocolate makes people feel good;Some people will eat ice-cream, cake and other desserts when they are depressed, or even taste the spicy hot pot with sweat, hoping to find an outlet for pressure through the stimulation of spicy.
The nutritionist said that when we feel a little depressed, moderate tasting of the food we like can effectively help improve our mood, but excessive consumption will instead cause physical burden, create another source of stress, and fail to achieve the original goal of improving our mood.
The stress will lead to physiological changes, such as increasing the secretion of glucocorticoid and adrenaline to stimulate the sympathetic nerve, which will accelerate the heartbeat, tighten the muscles, and increase the metabolic rate, thus leading to increased energy consumption and increased oxidative stress in the body.Ouyang Zhongmei pointed out that diet is mainly to help reduce the damage caused by stress, not to relieve stress itself by eating.
What are the decompression foods?
What on earth belongs to "decompression food"?The nutritionist said that the main antioxidant substances are still vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, Q10, isoflavones, polyphenols, lycopene and carotene.In addition, some food types can help reduce stress:
1. Carbohydrates: foods rich in carbohydrates such as starch, including rice, noodles, potatoes, cereals, bread, sweet potatoes, pumpkin and other staple foods.Carbohydrates can promote the secretion of brain neurotransmitter in part of the brain（serotonin）It can make the brain operate smoothly and clear, so proper intake of carbohydrates can help the brain conduction substances in the body operate.
Decompression food
2. Fibrous: Pressure is easy to cause abdominal cramps or constipation, so eating more vegetables, fruits and grains rich in fiber can help the operation of the digestive system.In addition, whole grains can also promote the secretion of brain neurotransmitter and improve the body response.Nutritionists recommend taking at least 25 grams of fiber every day. For breakfast, replace fruit juice with whole fruit. Whole oatmeal is also a good choice.
3. Vegetables: Take more vegetables and supplement them with L-Tryptophan, which can help the brain produce serotonin.In addition, all kinds of vegetables, including green (such as broccoli), yellow (such as corn, yellow sweet pepper, etc.), orange (such as carrots), are rich in minerals, phytochemicals, vitamins, which can enhance immune response and prevent diseases.
4. Fruit: It is the best source of vitamins and can help relieve stress.In addition, it is rich in plant polyphenols, which are antioxidants, and can enhance immune response and prevent diseases.Such as sour horn, wrong fiber can enhance intestinal peristalsis.
5. Fish: Deep sea fish include tuna, salmon, sardines, trout, mackerel, etc., because they contain the largest amount of Omega-3, which can strengthen the heart and arteries, and maintain the health of blood vessels and blood circulation.
6. Dairy products: they contain protein, which can help recover the energy consumed in large quantities.It is recommended to choose low salt, low-fat milk, yogurt or cheese slices to reduce the burden on the body.
7. Nuts: because they are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and proteins, they can supplement energy, and contain a variety of minerals, especially trace minerals, which can increase antioxidant capacity.
Refuse pressure boosting food to reduce body injury
There are many things that we usually think are helpful for reducing pressure, such as alcohol and caffeine. Although these things may bring short-term pleasure, they can also cause long-term physical damage. Therefore, we must correct these misconceptions.
1. Caffeine: It is found in coffee, tea, cocoa, cola, etc.When we eat moderately, caffeine can enhance the activity of muscles, nervous system and heart, and increase our agility and alertness.But if you drink a lot, it will promote the release of adrenaline, leading to an increase in the level of stress.
2. Alcohol: moderate drinking is acceptable.In particular, a moderate amount of red wine is helpful to the cardiovascular system;But if it isdrown one's sorrows in wineInstead, it is the main cause of stress.
3. Smoking: Many people use smoking to regulate their emotions. In the short term, it seems that they can really release pressure, but in the long term, it is very harmful to the body.
4. Refined sugar: Refined sugar provides short-term calories, which may lead to irritability, lack of attention and depression when lacking calories. However, excessive intake of sugar will also increase the burden on the body, so sugary drinks or high sugar foods should not be eaten more.
5. Salt: excessive salt will lead to increased blood pressure, consumption of adrenaline, and emotional instability.Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the addition of sodium during cooking, such as some seasonings with high salt content, and try to avoid taking pickled foods with high sodium content, such as bacon, ham, sausage and processed food.
6. Fat: one of the killers of obesity, which will bring unnecessary burden and pressure to the cardiovascular system and the body.
7. High protein: A high protein diet will increase dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, both of which will make anxiety and stress more serious, so meat intake should be reduced.
It's easy to develop good living habits and relieve pressure
The nutritionist lists ten habits. When you make them your own habits, I believe you will find that your body is really different.
1. Breakfast: In any case, you should have some breakfast. An egg and a glass of orange juice, or a piece of fruit is enough. It doesn't need to be too complicated.
2. Drinking green tea: Caffeine can increase stress. If you want to decompress and improve your mood, you may consider switching to green tea containing low caffeine, which not only can calm your mood, but also contains antioxidant substances such as catechins.
3. Choose fresh fruit juice to replace carbonated drinks: if you are a person who likes carbonated drinks, such ascola、SodaIt is recommended to choose fresh fruit juice or sugar free bubble water for better health.
4. Caffeine is strictly prohibited after 2 p.m.: It will take at least 6 hours for caffeine to be completely digested, so the later you drink it, the more sleep will be affected.
5. Take snacks with you: Place protein rich snacks such as small bags of integrated nuts and raisins, almond and fish jerky in your car, office or leather bag to help avoid mood swings and fatigue associated with blood sugar drop.
6. Prepare your own lunch: take time to bringBentoIt can not only save money, but also eat more healthy food.
7. Keep inappropriate food away from you: try not to store food containing high sugar, high fat or any unhealthy ingredients at home.
8. Plan health spending for your family: It is recommended to plan health menus or snacks for yourself or your family every week.
9. Activities to eliminate stress and tension: choose yoga, diary writing, sports, laughter, soaking in soup, massage, etc. Any way you like to relax your tense nerves and release pressure.
10. Design a relaxing environment: prepare a comfortable and delicious meal for yourself, turn off the electric light, light some fragrant candles, let out your favorite music from the loudspeaker or show a good movie, and sit on the sofa to enjoy the comfortable moment.
Experts remind us that food is a way to "help" relieve stress, depression and anxiety, and can never "cure" or "completely relieve" stress. Because the source of stress was not food at all, the only way to completely get rid of stress is to eliminate the source of stress, so that we can really get a free mind.
The Supplementary Provisions of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on the Implementation of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China on the Determination of Crimes (VII) adopted at the 1832nd Meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on February 22, 2021 and the 63rd Meeting of the 13th Procuratorate Committee of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on February 26, 2021 stipulate that foodThe crime of malfeasance in drug supervision (the crime of malfeasance in food supervision shall be abolished) shall be implemented as of March 1, 2021.
