Wind energyThe kinetic energy generated by the massive air flow on the earth's surface.Due to the different temperature changes and the different water vapor content in the air after the ground is irradiated by the sun, the air pressure in different places is different, and the high-pressure air flows to the low-pressure area in the horizontal direction, which is called wind.Wind energy resources are determined byWind energy densityAnd annual cumulative hours of available wind energy.Wind energy density is the wind power that can be obtained per unit of windward area, which is proportional to the third power of wind speed and air density.
Chinese name
Wind energy utilization
Purpose
Power generation, water lifting, etc
Output
WorldwideWind energyThe total amount is about 130 billion kilowatts
Wind energy is a clean, safe and renewable green energy,[1]The use of wind energy has no pollution to the environment, no damage to the ecology, and good environmental and ecological benefits, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of human society.Nowadays, adjusting the energy structure, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, alleviating environmental pollution and strengthening energy security have become the focus of attention at home and abroad.The state attaches great importance to the utilization of renewable energy, especially the development and utilization of wind energy.
It is estimated thatWind energyThe total amount is about 130 billion kilowatts,[1]The total amount of wind energy in China is about 1.6 billion kilowatts.Wind energy resourcesDue to the great influence of terrain, the world's wind energy resources are mostly concentrated in the coastal and open continental contraction zones, such asU.S.AThe California coast andNorthern EuropeSome countries, China's southeast coastInner Mongolia, Xinjiang andGansuThe wind energy resources along the belt are also rich.[2]Of the southeast coast of China and its adjacent islandsWind energy densityIt can reach more than 300 W/m2 (W/m2), and the annual cumulative wind speed of 3~20 m/s exceeds 6000 hours.In the area with the best inland wind energy resources, the wind energy density along the Inner Mongolia Xinjiang region is also 200~300W/m2, and the annual cumulative wind speed of 3~20m/s is 5000~6000 hours.These areas are suitable for developmentWind power generationAnd wind to lift water.XinjiangDabancheng Wind Power StationIn 1992, the installed capacity was 5500 kW, which is the largest wind power station in China.
history
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The history of human using wind energy can be traced back to BC.China is one of the first countries in the world to use wind energy.In the centuries before Christ, Chinese people used wind power to carry water, irrigate, grind flour, pound rice, and use sails to propel ships forward.The sailing boats on the Nile in Egypt and the wooden sailing boats in China have a history of two or three thousand years.In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem that said, "Sailing on the wind and waves, sometimes, and sailing straight to the sea". It can be seen that sailing on the wind was widely used in river navigation at that time.The Song Dynasty was the heyday of the application of windmills in China. The popular vertical axis windmill at that time has been used ever since.
Abroad, in the 2nd century BC, the ancient Persians used vertical axis windmills to grind rice.In the 10th century, Islam used windmills to carry water. In the 11th century, windmills have been widely used in the Middle East.The windmill was introduced to Europe in the 13th century and became an indispensable prime mover in Europe in the 14th century.In the Netherlands, the windmill was first used to draw water from lakes and low wetlands in the Rhine Delta. Its power can reach 50 horsepower, and later it was used for oil pressing and sawing.In the 1820s, wind turbines were used to irrigate fields and drive generators to generate electricity in North America.Since 1920, Renmen began to study the use of wind turbines for large-scale power generation.In 1931, a 100KW wind turbine was built in Crimean Balaclava of the Soviet Union, which was the first commercial wind turbine.[3]
summary
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1、 Wind power lifts water.Wind power water lifting has been widely used since ancient times.
2、 Wind power generation.The utilization of wind power has increasingly become the main form of wind energy utilization, which is highly valued by all countries, and has the fastest development speed.Wind power generation usually has three operation modes:
(1) It is an independent operation mode, usually a small generator provides power to one or several households, and it uses batteries to store energy to ensure power consumption in windless conditions;
(2) It is the combination of wind power generation and other power generation methods (such as diesel power generation) to supply power to a unit, a village or an island;
(3) Wind power generation is integrated into the conventional power grid to provide power to the large power grid.Usually, dozens or even hundreds of wind turbines are installed in one wind farm, which is the main development direction of wind power generation.
3、 Sailing aids navigation.Today, with the development of motor ships, in order to save fuel and improve speed, the ancient windsurfing has been developed.
4、 Wind heating.With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for heat energy in household energy consumption is increasing, especially in high latitude Europe and North America. Boiling water is a major energy consumer.In order to meet the needs of household and low-grade industrial heat energy, wind heating has been greatly developed.
classification
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Wind power generation can also be divided into horizontal axis and vertical axis. The horizontal axis is mainly used. However, with the development of science and technology, people have realized some disadvantages brought by the horizontal axis, such as noise, large size, complex mechanism and poor wind resistance. Countries around the world have begun to vigorously research and developVertical axis wind turbineIn 2001, Shanghai Moss Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd. developed a new type of wind turbine according to the instructions of the army. After technical demonstration, the new type (H type) vertical axis wind turbine was finally adopted.At the end of 2002, the product was put into use and achieved ideal results.In addition,EuropeAnd Japan also began to develop vertical axis wind turbines in 2003. Driven by market demand, all countries have shown great enthusiasm.
From the existing data, the main direction of the future development of small and medium-sized wind turbines is still the vertical axis![4]
Offshore wind energy
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There are abundant wind energy resources and vast and flat areas on the sea, which make the offshoreWind power generation technologyIt has become a research and application hotspot.Multi megawatt levelWind turbineThe commercial operation of offshore wind farms is a new trend of wind energy utilization at home and abroad.With the development of wind power generation, the total number of onshore wind turbines has become saturated, and offshore wind farms will become the focus of future development.Offshore power generation is a new field in the development of the international wind power industry, which is the "direction in the direction".
China SeaWind energy resource reservesIt is far more than land wind energy. The available wind energy resources at 10m height exceed 700 million kW, and the distance betweenPower load centerVery close.ShanghaiThe construction of offshore wind power projects has begun. By 2010, the total installed capacity of wind power in Shanghai will reach 200-300 MW.To achieve this goal, China's first long-distance cross sea bridgeDonghai Bridge The first offshore wind farm in mainland China will be built on both sides.
Future prospects
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Offshore wind power generation will be vigorously developed in the next 30 years. China plans to build large-scale offshore wind power stations about 30 miles from the coast. These power stations may be built on huge floating bodies or 120 feet underwater on the continental shelf.In view of the fact that the wind force on the sea is usually larger than that on the ground, offshore wind power generation has more development prospects.In the next 20 years, the offshore wind power generation will reach 75 billion watts, almost 70% of the installed capacity of all power stations in China.
