synonymweber(Wilhelm Eduard Weber, a German physicist)
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (October 24, 1804 June 23, 1891), a German physicist, was one of the most important physicists in the 19th century.International System of UnitsinMagnetic fluxThe unit "Weber" (abbreviation: Wb) is named after William Weber.[1]
William Weber was born in Germany in 1804Wittenberg, due toFrench Revolutionary War(1789-1803) and Napoleon (1803-1815), the Weber family moved to Hale, where William Weber finished high school and participated in the movement of his brother Ernst Heinrich Weber on waveexperimental study , and in 1825LeipzigHe published Wellenlehre, auf Experimente gegr ü ndet (wave theory based on experiment).William Weber has also been working onHalle UniversityStudy mathematics, researchorganVocal theory, obtained a doctor's degree in 1826, obtained the university teaching qualification in 1827, and stayed in the school to teach, and became an associate professor in 1828.
Gottingen
In 1828, he and his brother Ernst Heinrich Weber participated in theHumboldtThe 17th meeting of the German Association of Natural Science Scholars and Doctors, which he organized, gave a speech to famous German mathematiciansGaussianHe left a deep impression that Gauss, who seldom praised people, was giving German astronomersJohann Franz Encke (Johann Franz Encke) wrote in his letter: "My life has become more wonderful because of his presence, and his character is very kind and talented" (German: In der Tat ist mir lein durch see Hiersein viel lieber geworden. Er ist ebenso liebensw ü rdig von Charakter als talentreich, May 12, 1832).Gauss later invited WeberUniversity of GottingenIn 1831, he succeeded Tobias Mayer, who died, as a professor of physics.
stayGottingen, Weber andGaussianHaving forged deep friendship and cooperated in researchGeomagnetismandelectromagneticsAnd worked together for many years.They built two copper wires over Gottingen and built the first electromagneticTelegraphOn Easter in 1833Institute of PhysicsreachobservatoryThe distance betweenTelegraph communication。In 1836, Weber, Gauss and Humboldt founded GottingenmagnetismAssociation.Gauss wrote in his letter to Humboldt: "Our Weber has set up a telegraph line alone... showing amazing patience" (German: Unser Weber hat das Verdienst, diese Dr? Hte gezogen zu haben... ganz allein. Er hat dabei unbeschriibliche Geduld erwiesen, June 13, 1833).
In addition to extensive electromagnetic experiments, Weber also conducted physical physiological experiments. He and his brother Edward Friedrich Weber published the book Mechanik der menschlichen Gehwerkzeuge (Human Leg Mechanics) in 1836.
Later, due to oppositionHanoverThe abolition of the 1833 Liberal Constitution took placeGottingenThe Seven Gentlemen (German: G? Ttinger Sieben) incident, on December 14, 1837, Weber and six other professors (includingBrothers GreenWith Gauss's son-in-law).From March to August of 1838, Weber traveledBerlin、LondonAnd Paris, and later lived in Gottingen, but did not teach.
Leipzig
Weber's main contributions andGottingenAfter being dismissed, until 1843, Weber wasUniversity of LeipzigEngaged as a professor of physics.From 1843 to 1849, WeberLeipzigyesElectromagnetic actionThe basic laws of.At the beginning of the 19th century, the whole weight of measurable objectsTheory of motionAll fromclassical mechanicsLaws, especiallyNewton's law of motionDerived from, and achieved amazing success in astronomy, but not all knownphysical phenomenonCan be reasonably explained. How to determine the electrical, magnetic, thermal and other quantities of objects with unpredictable weight is still unknownresolvent, which was an important research field at that time.Weber started in LeipzigmagnetismHis research in Leipzig reached its peak when he proposed the basic law of electromagnetic action in 1846.
After the German Revolution of 1848, Weber was allowed to return in 1849GottingenHe was also the director of the Gottingen Observatory.After returning to Gottingen, Weber made many contributions to the establishment of the absolute measurement of electrical unitsElectromagnetic forceOfAbsolute unit，GaussianWith the help of Weber, the absolute unit of magnetic quantity was proposed.Weber also proposed that the electromagnetic field of matterStructural theory。
In 1856, Weber, together with Rudolf Kohlrausch, completed the measurement of the relationship between the electric unit and the electrostatic unit of electricity. The ratio obtained is the value of the speed of light in vacuum, which magically linked optics and electricity. This measurement gave Maxwell's opticsElectromagnetic theory(OpticalElectromagnetic theory）With important support.After Kollausch died in 1858, Weber continued to cooperate with Karl Friedrich Z? Llner, a physicist and astronomer in LeipzigConservation of energyIt is discussed.
After retiring in 1870, Weber developed Zelner's concept of charged atom in his later years. They believed that matter was composed ofcharged particleThese charged particles are in differentStable position, in accordance with Weberley's law.Using this model, Weber also explained gravity.The long-distance electrodynamics developed by Weber and Franz Neumann dominated the electrodynamics theory, which was not replaced until the Maxwell field theory was proposed. However, Weber's atomic structure model was successful in explaining the electrical, magnetic and thermal properties of matter.
Weber andGaussianThe proposed unit system was confirmed at an international conference in Paris in 1881, but Helmholtz, head of the German delegation, suggested that“ampere”(Amp è re) replaces the widely used "Weber" as the unit of current intensity.Then in 1935, "Weber" becameMagnetic fluxThe official unit of.
His father was Michael Weber, a theologian, his brother Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795-1878) was a physiologist, and his brother Eduard Friedrich Weber (1806-1871) was also a physiologist.
