The genesis of non-metallic minerals is diverse, but the magmatic type, metamorphic type, sedimentary type and weathering type are the most important. In addition, submarine exhalation is also very important, such as pyrite.
1. Magmatism: lava and ash formed by magma invading to form intrusive rock mass or erupting out of the surface can be formed Non-metallic mineral resources 。 Intrusive rocks such as limestone and granite can be used as high-quality building materials. The famous "Jiangjunkou" granite floor in China and the "Indian Red" granite produced in India are all potassium feldspar granite; The pumice and perlite formed by erupting from the surface are indispensable Industrial raw materials Volcanic ash can also be used as agricultural fertilizer. There are also two special magmatic rocks, namely kimberlite and K-Mg lamprophyre And its interior contains relatively rich diamonds. Most diamonds in the world are produced in these two kinds of rocks. 2. Metamorphism: under the action of temperature, pressure and chemically active fluid, the rock is basically in a solid state and has undergone changes in mineral composition, chemical composition, rock structure and structure, forming non-metallic deposits. Graphite, asbestos, kyanite, andalusite, talc and mica are commonly used in industry and daily life. Nanshu graphite mine in Shandong, rutile and asbestos mine in Henan and Shaanxi are all famous producing areas in China.
3. Sedimentation: rocks and ore bodies exposed to the surface are eroded, transported, differentiated, deposited and finally formed under the long-term action of atmosphere and water flow Non-metallic mineral resources Non metallic mineral deposits can also be directly formed through chemical precipitation and biochemical action. It is mainly divided into three categories: (1) placer ore, which is mainly formed by water flow, glacier, wind force, etc., such as diamond, rutile, zircon, monazite and other rare minerals can be enriched and mineralized through this mechanical differentiation process; (2) Biochemical processes, such as phosphate rock, can be formed by direct accumulation of bird feces, Diatomite ore It is formed by the accumulation of diatom remains, in addition, there are sulfur minerals related to volcanic eruption; (3) Salt mines formed by chemical action, indispensable salt for human beings, gypsum and saltpeter for industrial use, potassium salt for agricultural use, and cathartic salt for medical use are all caused by chemical crystallization precipitation during the evaporation of salt lakes. 4. Weathering: the rock or ore body exposed on the surface changes the chemical composition and mineral appearance of the surface material after a long process of rainfall, light, oxidation and biological action, thus forming a usable Non metallic materials 。 The clay minerals indispensable to daily life and industry are mostly due to this cause, such as kaolin, bentonite, etc., which are formed by weathering of rocks. It is this role that provides humans with raw materials for making ceramics, cosmetics, environmental treatment supplies, medicines, paints, and other materials. More broadly, even the soil on which everything depends is a non-metallic resource formed by weathering. [2] For diamond, graphite Natural sulfur 、 Pyrite , Crystal corundum 、 Kyanite 、 Sillimanite 、 Andalusite 、 Wollastonite 、 Sodium saltpeter 、 talc , asbestos Blue asbestos , mica feldspar 、 Garnet 、 Pyrophyllite 、 Diopside 、 Tremolite 、 Vermiculite 、 zeolite 、 Alunite 、 Mirabilite , gypsum Barite 、 Witherite 、 Natural alkali 、 calcite 、 Iceland stone 、 magnesite 、 fluorite , precious stones, jade agate 、 limestone 、 Cretaceous 、 Dolostone 、 quartzite , sandstone Natural quartz sand 、 Vein quartz 、 diatomite 、 shale 、 kaolin 、 ceramic clay 、 Fireclay 、 Attapulgite 、 sepiolite 、 Illite 、 Rectorite 、 Bentonite 、 gabbro 、 marble 、 Granite 、 Salt mine 、 sylvite 、 Magnesium salt , iodine, bromine arsenic 、 Boron ore 、 Phosphate rock Etc. Non metallic minerals can be divided into 7 categories according to their uses: non-metallic minerals in machining industry, non-metallic minerals in instrument industry, Electrical industry Non-metallic minerals, chemical industry non-metallic minerals, silicate Industrial non-metallic minerals, Natural stone Industrial non-metallic minerals, Arts and Crafts mineral products. [3] Prove mining area There are more than 760 places with total reserves equivalent to 1.493 billion tons of sulfur, ranking second in the world. Pyrites mainly include Liaoning Province Qingyuan ； Dongshengmiao, Jiashengpan, Tanyaokou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Henan Province Jiaozuo ； Shanxi Province Yangquan ； Anhui Province Lujiang River 、 Ma'anshan 、 Tongling ； Jiangsu Province Meishan ； Zhejiang Province Quxian County ； Chengmen Mountain, Jiangxi Province Wushan 、 Dexing , horizontal ningdu ； Dabaoshan, Fankou, Hongyan, Dajiangping Yangchun ； Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Fengshan 、 Huanjiang ； Sichuan Province Xuyong Xingwen 、 Gulin ； Yunnan Province Fuyuan Etc. The natural sulfur is mainly from the Dahankou deposit in Shandong Province. There are 412 proven deposits, with a total reserve of 15.2 billion tons of ores, ranking second in the world, mainly including Jinning (Kunyang), Kunming (Haikou) Huize ； Jingxiang, Hubei Yichang 、 Powcan 、 great enlightenment ； Guizhou Province Kaiyang 、 Weng'an ； Sichuan Province Shifang ； Liuyang, Hunan Province; Fanshan, Hebei Province; Jiangsu Province Xinpu and brocade screen Equal phosphorus ore area (deposit). Potash mine There are 28 resources with a total reserve of 456 million tons. Mainly distributed in Qarhan, Dalangtan Dongtaijiner , Xitaijinaer and other salt lakes, as well as Mengyejing Potassium Salt Mine in Yunnan Province. There are 150 salt mines with a total reserve of 407.5 billion tons; Mirabilite ore There are more than 100 resources, with a total reserve of 10.5 billion tons, ranking first in the world. Mainly distributed in Qinghai Province (Chaerhan, etc.), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Qijiaojing, etc.), Hubei Province（ Yingcheng Etc.), Jiangxi Province（ Camphor tree Etc.), Jiangsu Province（ Huai'an ）Shanxi Province (Yuncheng), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region（ Geelantai ）Etc. There are 63 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 46.7 million tons, ranking fifth in the world. Mainly Ji'an, Jilin Province ； Liaoning Province Yingkou 51 Kuandian . Two person ditch; Tibet Autonomous Region Zabuye Chaka , Bangyu Tea Card, Tea Lakka Etc. There are 103 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 360 million tons of ores, ranking first in the world. Mainly Guizhou Province Tianzhu Gongxi, Hunan Province, Hubei Province Willow forest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Xiangzhou Heifenggou, Gansu Province, Shuiping, Shaanxi Province, etc. Graphite There are 91 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 173 million tons of minerals, ranking first in the world. Mainly Heilongjiang Province Jixi (Willow hair) Boli (Foling) muling (Guangyi) Luobei ； Jilin Province rock ； Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Xinghe ； Lutang, Hunan Province; Nanshu, Shandong Province; Yindonggou, Tongyu and other graphite deposits in Shaanxi Province. Gypsum ore There are 169 proved mining areas, with a total reserve of 57.6 billion tons of ores. Mainly in Dahankou, Shandong Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Etuoke Banner Yingcheng, Hubei Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Central defender Gansu Province Tianzhu Hunan Province Shaodong Jilin Province Hunjiang River Sichuan Province Ebian Etc. Asbestos ore There are 45 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 90.61 million tons of minerals, ranking third in the world. Mainly Sichuan asbestos; Mangya, Qinghai Province; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Ruoqiang 、 Qiemo Etc. Talc ore There are 43 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 247 million tons of ores, ranking third in the world. Mainly Liaoning Province Haicheng Benxi, Hengren; Shandong Province Qixia 、 Flatness 、 Ye County ； Jiangxi Province Guangfeng 、 Yudu ； Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Longsheng Etc. Mica ore 169 proved mining areas with a total reserve of 63100 tons of mica. It is mainly distributed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Sichuan and other provinces (regions). There are 31 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 132 million tons of ores, ranking first in the world. Mainly Panshi, Jilin pear tree ； Liaoning Province Faku 、 Jianping ； Qinghai Province chase ； Jiangxi Province Xinyu ； Zhejiang Province Changxing Etc. Kaolin ore There are 208 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 1.43 billion tons of ores, ranking seventh in the world. Mainly Guangdong Province Maoming 、 Zhanjiang 、 Huiyang ； Hebei Province Xu Shui ； Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Hepu ； Hunan Province Hengshan Mountain , Poirot Liling ； Jiangxi Province Guixi 、 Jingdezhen ； Jiangsu Province Wuxian County Etc. There are 86 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 2.46 billion tons of ores, ranking first in the world. Mainly Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ningming ； Heishan, Jianping, Liaoning Province; Hebei Province Xuanhua 、 Longhua ； Jilin Province Gongzhuling ； Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Urad Front Banner , Xinghe; Gansu Province Jinchang ； Xinjiang And Buxel 、 Toksun ； Zhejiang Province Yuhang ； Weixian, Shandong Province, etc. There are 354 proven mining areas, with a total reserve of 385 million tons of ores, ranking second in the world. Mainly Jilin Province Landrace ； Yunnan Province Seeking for Eden 、 Tengchong ； Zhejiang Province Shengzhou Etc. Gemstone : Mainly Liaoning Province Wafangdian Shandong Province Changle ； Chenling and Changde deposits in Hunan Province. 189 mining areas have been proved, with a total reserve of 3.8 billion tons. It is mainly distributed in Qinghai, Hainan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Henan, Fujian, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).
Granite ore There are more than 180 resources, with a total reserve of ore of 1.7 billion cubic meters. Marble mine There are 123 places with a total reserve of 1 billion cubic meters of ores. There are 1124 resources with a total reserve of 48.9 billion tons of ores. It is mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Anhui, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shandong and other provinces (regions).
There are 27 proven ore producing areas, with a total reserve of 3 billion tons of ores, ranking first in the world. It is mainly distributed in Haicheng, Liaoning Province, Pui County, Shandong Province, and Baxia, Tibet Autonomous Region.
There are 230 proven ore producing areas, with a total reserve of 108 million tons, ranking third in the world. Mainly Zhejiang Province Wuyi 、 Suichang 、 Longquan ； Fujian Province Jianyang 、 General music 、 Shao Wu ； Anhui Province Langxi 、 Jingde ； Xinyang, Henan Province; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Siziwang Banner 、 Ejina Banner ； Gaotai, Gansu Yongchang Etc. There are 327 proved ore producing areas, with a total reserve of 2.1 billion tons. It is mainly distributed in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other provinces (regions).
Mainly distributed in Xinjiang Yuli County , Hebei Lingshou County Etc. [4] On February 28, 2024, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the China Natural Resources Bulletin 2023, which shows that there will be 95 kinds of non-metallic minerals in 2023. [5]
