intravenous injection[1]Intravenous injection is a medical method, that is to inject liquid substances such as blood, liquid medicine, nutrient solution, etc. directly into the vein.Intravenous injection can be divided into transience and continuity. Most transitory intravenous injection is directly injected into the vein with a syringe, which is a common injection method;Continuous intravenous injection is carried out by intravenous drip, commonly known as "drip".
1. Drugs should not be taken orally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and should occur quicklyPharmacodynamicsIntravenous injection or intravenous infusion can be used.
2. Due to high concentration, high irritation and large amount of drugs, other drugs should not be takeninjectionmethod.
3. During diagnosis and test, drugs are injected intravenously, such as liver, kidneygallbladderAnd other X-ray films.
5. It is used for intravenous nutrition treatment.
Injection site
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Commonly used with cubital fossaBasilic vein, median elbow vein, cephalic vein, or wrist, dorsum of hand, dorsum of footankle Superficial vein.
Injection apparatus
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Sterility in injection traySyringe(Select according to the amount of liquid medicine), prepare 5-10mL syringe or intravenous infusion set and 6-7 needlesScalp acupunctureOr intravenous indwelling needle, tourniquet, treatment towel or disposable tissue.Prepare medicines as directed.
Operation steps
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1. Bring all the supplies to the bedside, check and explain to the patient for cooperation.
2. UseSyringeSuck the liquid medicine, exhaust the air, and put on the ampoule.
3. Select a suitable vein, use your fingers to detect the direction and depth of the vein, put a treatment towel or paper towel under the limb at the puncture site, and tighten the tourniquet about 6cm above the puncture site (near the heart), and use 2%Tincture of iodineDisinfect the skin and dry it with 70%alcoholDeiodization: ask the patient to clench his fist to fill the vein.
4. During puncture, tighten the skin at the lower end of the vein with the left thumb to fix it, hold the syringe or infusion needle in the right hand, with the needle head inclined upwards, the needle head and the skin at an angle of 35 degrees, penetrate the skin from above or side of the vein, and then penetrate the skin along the vein.
5. When blood returns, it is confirmed that the needle has entered the vein. A little more needle can be inserted along the vein, loosen the tourniquet, ask the patient to loosen his fist, fix the needle, and slowly inject the liquid medicine.
6. In the process of injection, if the local swelling and pain indicate that the needle slides out of the vein, the needle should be pulled out to replace the site and re injected.
7. After injectionDisinfectant cottonPress the puncture point, quickly pull out the needle, and ask the patient to bend the elbow and press for a moment.Cleaning materials.
8. Precautions:
(1) When injecting, choose a thick, straight, elastic vein that is not easy to slide.If long-term vein is neededAdministrationThe injection should be performed from the distal end to the proximal end.
(2) According to the condition and the nature of the drug, master the speed of infusion, listen to the patient's chief complaint at any time, and observe the signs and changes in the condition.
(3) For drugs that strongly stimulate the tissue, puncture should be carried out before injection, and a small amount of isotonic saline should be injected to confirm that the needle is in the blood vessel, and then the drug should be injected to prevent the drug liquid from overflowing into the tissue and causing necrosis.
Intravenous drug preparation
9. Causes of common failure of intravenous injection
(1) The slant of the needle head is half inside the blood vessel and half outside the blood vessel. The blood returns intermittently. When the drug is injected, it overflows to the skin, and the skin bulges. The patient has local pain.
(2) The needle penetrates deeply, half of the bevel pierces the opposite vessel wall, and there is blood return, but the drug pushing is not smooth, and part of the liquid medicine overflows to the deep tissue.
(3) The needle penetrates too deeply, penetrates the wall of the opposite blood vessel, and the drug is injected into the deep tissue. There is pain and no blood return. If only a small amount of liquid medicine is injected, the local area may not be raised.[2]
The subcutaneous injection method is to inject a small amount of liquid medicineSubcutaneous tissueMethod.
3、Intramuscular injection(IM or im)
Intramuscular injection is a method of injecting drug solution into muscle tissue.
4、Femoral vein injection
It is often used for pressurized infusion, blood transfusion or blood sample collection in emergency.
5、Arterial puncture and injection
For blood gas analysis, in case of severe shock, blood must be transfused through arteries to increase effective blood volume;Perform some special examinations (such as cerebral angiography);Perform some treatment (injectionAnticancer drugs）。[2]
