Silver fulminate is an inorganic substance with molecular formula AgtwoCtwoNtwoOtwo，relative molecular mass299.77, colorless needle shaped crystal, slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in ammonia, insoluble in nitric acid, explodes when heated, used to make detonators[1]。
The French chemist Sobetore discovered it in 1788, so it is also called silver salt of Betorelate.In the second year after Qiang Tole discovered silver fulminate, the French Revolution began, and the rapid revolutionary torrent stirred the whole European continent.As a scientist, Bertore is also actively involved in the revolutionary struggle of the French people against the monarchy. Revolution needs guns and bullets. As a revolutionary soldier, Bertore does his best to produce various chemical explosives. He uses the explosive made of silver fulminate he found, which has a very good detonating performance. It is also a unique material for producing bullets and shells[3]。
Physical and chemical properties
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Physical and chemical properties of silver fulminate
Chinese name
Silver fulminate
English name
silver fulminate
chemical formula
AgtwoCtwoNtwoOtwo
molecular weight
two hundred and ninety-nine point seven eight
character
Colorless or white small needle crystal
relative density
four point zero nine
Explosive
Explosion due to friction or heating
Solubility
Slightly soluble in water and ammonia, soluble in hot water, insoluble in nitric acid[2]
toxicity
Toxicity is roughly the same as cyanide
Pure silver fulminate has very stable chemical properties and will not decompose after years of storage.Like many silver salts, it darkens due to exposure.It is slightly soluble in cold water and can be recrystallized with hot water or from 20% ammonium acetate solution.It is non hygroscopic, humid or explosive in water, and it is reported that it is still explosive after 37 years underwater.It will explode in contact with concentrated sulfuric acid or chlorine or bromine, but will not explode in contact with iodine.Insoluble in nitric acid, but soluble in ammonia, alkali metal chloride, alkali metal cyanide, aniline, pyridine and potassium iodide by forming complex.Concentrated hydrochloric acid can be decomposed without explosion, making a hissing sound;Thiosulfuric acidSalt can also be decomposed non explosively and can be used for treatment.
Preparation method
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The compound can be prepared by addingSilver nitrate solutionPour it into ethanol for preparation under careful control of reaction conditions to avoid explosion.The reaction is usually completed at 80~90 ℃, and the precipitate may not form at 30 ℃.Only a small amount of silver fulminate can be prepared at one time, because even the weight of the crystal will cause self explosion.Another method to produce explosive silver is to make silver carbonate react with ammonia in solution: 4AgtwoCOthree+4NHthree→2AgtwoCtwoNtwoOtwo+6HtwoO+4Ag+Otwo。Whennitrogen oxide When the gas passes through the solution of silver nitrate in ethanol, it also forms silver fulminate.When the acid solution of silver nitrate contacts with alcohol, silver fulminate can be prepared unintentionally, which is dangerous in some formulations of chemical silver mirror[2]。
