synonymZero energy building(Buildings that basically do not consume coal, electricity and other energy to maintain the normal operation of buildings) Generally refer to zero energy buildings
The term "ecology" was introduced by German scientists in 1866HeikkerIt is proposed that its original meaning refers to the trivia of nature, which has nothing to do with human life, but with the development of society, people pay more and more attention to life and health, and begin to have a sense of responsibility for the earth and the environment, so ecology has become popular in various industries.Especially in the real estate industry, with the improvement of people's living requirements,Ecological residenceIt has gradually become the general trend.
Since 2000, science and technologyTheme propertyThe research focuses on sustainable developmentcore technology Residential technology.Adhering to the concept of sustainable development, the company creatively introducedWorld City Moma, highComforttinyenergy consumptionConstant humidity and constant temperature, highly recognized and supported by experts and customers, has also achieved commercial success.
Some experts pointed out that 99% of Chinese buildings arehigh energy-consumptionArchitecture.High energy consumption often brings high pollution, and residents and users will not feel comfortable.For China, a country with scarce resources and a large population, high energy consumption is not the way to sustainable development.Therefore, whether fromEarth environmentFrom the perspective of long-term residential interests of residents, or from the perspective of future generations, we should buildLow energy consumptionHigh comfort buildings prepare for the sustainable development in the future, which are good for the earth, the environment and the residents.
The central leadership clearly pointed out that we should vigorously develop "energy-saving and land saving" housing.Ministry of ConstructionMinister Wang Guangtao also proposed:Chinese resourcesThe restriction of environment requires that the traditional way of housing construction must be changed.at presentChinese housingDuring the construction, the energy consumption reaches more than 20% of the total energy consumption, and the water consumption accounts forUrban water32%，Urban land30% of the total is used for housing, the steel consumption accounts for 20% of the national steel consumption, and the cement consumption accounts for 17.6% of the national total consumption.The material consumption level of housing construction anddeveloped countryIn comparison, the steel consumption is 10%~25% higher,Sanitary wareOfwater consumptionUp to 30%.along withUrbanization processandliving standardOn the one hand, the task of housing construction is still very heavy;On the other hand, we are facing more and more severe resources, environmentEcological pressure。
Architectural effect
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Zero energy consumption building appearance effect
Zero energy consumption building system
Full intelligent control;
No or less use of external energy;
24-hour lifehot waterReady to use;
The indoor air shall be kept fresh, and the temperature, humidityoxygen contentSuitable.
Architectural characteristics
system requirements
This kind of building basically does not consume coal, oil, electricity, etcNon renewable energyCan maintain the normal operation of the building.The main feature of zero (micro) energy buildings is that in addition to emphasizing buildingsEnclosureIn addition to passive energy-saving design, the energy demand of buildings is shifted to solar energy, wind energyShallow geothermal energy 、biomass energy And other renewable energy sources to find the best solution for people's building behavior and the harmonious coexistence of human beings, buildings and the environment.[1]
Design conceptIs to maximize the use ofNatural energy, Decreaseenvironment disruptionWith pollution, achieve zeroFossil energyPurpose of use, energy demand andwaste disposalImplement basicRecyclingThe living mode of.The purpose of building such an experimental building group is toResidential buildingsTo achieve sustainable development, it provides a comprehensive solution that simultaneously addresses the needs of the environment, society, economy and other aspects, and uses some reliable methods to reduce energy consumptionWater consumptionAnd the use of cars to maximize the use of solar energy.The community'sArchitectural designComprehensive consideration of a series of factors such as renewable energy, perfect architectural design, sustainable materials and lowenvironmental effectWait, it's more modernWestern ArchitectureAnd overall design.
This plan is called "zero energy development" because the power and heat supply required by the buildings here no longer use traditional energy, and the buildings no longer discharge to the atmospherecarbon dioxide。All building materials used can be recycled.In order to achieve the goal of reducing the energy consumption of buildings as much as possible, all buildings here face south to absorb solar energy to the maximum extent.Behind each balcony is a north facing office or bedroom.The rooms facing north can receive less sunlight, so it is not too hot in summer, reducing the use of air conditioners;Both households and offices are equipped with electrical products with low energy consumption and high efficiency;The roof is greened to reducethermal radiation。As a result of comprehensive energy conservation in all aspects, the power and heat demand of buildings here is only 10% of that of ordinary buildings.[1]
Design purpose
From the design concept, the main purpose is to reduce the burden of power supply, thereby reducing the requirements of new power stations;Reduce infrastructure construction and water pollution of water supply;Reduce traffic congestion in life and work;Residence andworkplaceTogether, it can reduceTraffic pollutionEmissions;reducePublic transportationTo reduce the demand for private cars;Reduce incentives to local supply chains;Reduce social alienation, because all groups are usingcommunal facilities；Reduce the number of countriesFossil energyTo reduce carbon emission;Due to the reduction of pollution andEnvironmentally friendly residencebringhealth problemReduction of;Reduce in citieswild animalLoss of habitat;reduceAgricultural landThe loss of, and in ensuring the residential populationhigh-densityWhile providing new housingGlass greenhouseAnd the garden.[1]
design requirement
The first point is the big environment. The project location is fromobjective conditionThe demand for energy in Shanghai is minimized.At the same time, reduce the amount of excavation and damage to vegetation.This zero energy office building has proved that an abandoned theme park has been effectively used, its original facilities have been reconstructed into staff quarters and canteens, the office building project has been built at the original site of the parking lot, and the rest has been completely restored to greening.
Second, bury the whole building underground, isolate the building from the outside world, and avoidsunlightas well assnowstormImpact.
Third, introduce good things, including the available energy conditions around, introduce a nearby river into the building, and the circulation of constant temperature water flow is designed to be radiantair conditioning systemAnd finally discharged back to the river.In addition, the underground hot spring water can solve some of the heat required by the building.
Fourth, fresh air is collected from underground, and a shield trench is dug to introduce air. In summer, land is used to cool it, and in winter, hot air is gathered.The most basic power such as lightingFront windowAs far as possible, the skylight also has a "chimney" function to eliminate the internal hot air.There is also a snow cellar inside the building to collect the rich ice and snow in winter in this area, so as to solve the cold air needed by the machine room.
Through so many efforts, the energy consumption of the whole building has been reduced by 75%, and the rest 25% depends on renewable energy, namely sunlight andWind power generation。90% of them are from solar energyPhotoelectric plateThe most economical choice is to sell the power system and sell the power topower company, when necessary,ReintroductionElectricity.This is why this project is called "0 Energy Balance", because the pure zero energyImplementabilityVery poor, for example, huge battery maintenance andmanagement expense。By 2009, when the project was put into operation, it was determined that there was still a 7% energy gap due to the limitations of wind power generation.
In addition, reduceEmissionsIt also means extending the service life of the building and implementing theenergy management。The "service life cycle" implemented in the headquarters building of Tohoku Electric Power Co., LtdEnergy management system”For example, it can reduce energy consumption by about 50%.In the architectural design, Japan has begun to explore the architectural design of two hundred years, and the problems that need to be solved urgently include the structure and strength, seismic isolation, convenience of design renewal, and flexibility of functions.[1]
Design significance
Meaning Zero energy buildings will use new technologies to reduce energy consumption, such as combining high efficiency from the United Statesrefrigerator(chiller) and the single coil twin fanventilation system Provide efficient cooling air supply.traditionAir conditioning systemholdfresh airAnd recyclingcold airAfter mixing, they are distributed to all corners of the building.The new system can treat and send the two kinds of air separately, and mix them according to the demand to reduce energy waste.
Clean energyThe R&D and experiment of science and technology have great potential for development, and the government has invested heavily in supporting scientific research in this field.The requirement that the cost can be recovered in 8 years is quite high. Generally, companies that provide solar energy mention that it will take more than 10 years, or even 20 to 30 years, to recover, scaring many customers away.
With the rising electricity bill, oilSupply priceLong term bullish. Investing in solar energy system, it would take many years to reach the cost recovery value based on the market electricity price, but it has been doubledoil priceIt has shrunk by twice. To put it simply, it would take 30 years to recover the cost, but only 10 years.[1]
Solar energy utilization
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Brad will be the first "zero energy" building in the local area, fully using solar technology1
The most comprehensive utilization and energy saving of solar energyZero emissionDemonstration buildings.
Solar energy is hot waterPhotovoltaic power generation. Heat storage heating and air conditioning provide energy to solve the problem of domestic hot water and livingElectricity consumption, refrigeration and heatingAir conditioningEnergy consumption of.No other than telecommunication signal is requiredConventional energy。Solar energy utilization rate100%, energy saving more than 75%.Fully intelligent control, 24-hour domestic hot water can be turned on and used immediately, indoor air can be kept fresh, and the temperature, humidity and oxygen content are appropriateBuilding 1Zero emissionHigh comfort and intelligenceHealthy housing。
Solar collectorSystem: perfect combination with the building is achieved by various forms such as frame type and integral sun table. In addition to providing 24-hour domestic hot water, it can also realize the storage of residual heat to ensureSolar floorSufficient heat for heating to keep the indoor temperature at about 18 ℃ in winter;By changingCollectorIts design and installation form can achieve the effect of sunshade in summer and daylighting in winter.
solar energyPhotovoltaic power generation system: Provide power for lighting, household appliances, system equipment, etc. in the building.The power is divided into two AC outputs, one for the lighting, household appliances, system equipment, etc. of the whole building, and the other for the air conditioner to avoid the impact of high-power air conditioners on domestic power consumption.
Brad will be the first local "zero energy" building
BradThere will be the first "zero energy" building in the local area, which will fully use solar energy technology instead of energy!
The building, which will cost about 12 million yuan, is located in the BCA Academy on Bradling Road.This is also a renovated building.The purpose of the Construction Bureau is to“Green building”Science and technology experiments should also improve everyone's awareness and understanding of "green buildings".
It is expected that when the building is completed, it will have a "green classroom", a library and a visitor center that can be used for training.At the same time, it will also provide a major discussion item for the International Green Building Conference held by the Construction Bureau in China.
The guest of honor of this lecture is Dr. Meng Lizhi, the undersecretary of government affairs of the Ministry of National Development.He pointed out that green buildings are not expensive because they can save energy after completion.He gave an example: "Compared with ordinary buildings, the new National Library building has saved about 36% in energy use, or about 1 million yuan per year, which can recover the original additional construction costs in eight years."
Test base
National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST）The recent exhibition is located inMarylandThe first zero energy consumption residential test base in the United States in the Gettysburg Park.The institute invited localfederalAnd state government officialsRibbon cutting ceremonyCommemorate this special moment.The test base is recovered by the United States andReinvestmentAct financing, a building consulting company of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Department of Energy: American Building Planning and Building Science CorporationDesign and development。[2]
The research institute hopes to make use of thisSolar photovoltaic power generationandSolar hot water systemThe base for the future American housing construction industry to develop self-sufficient housing.The base will also be used to test various energy-saving technologies and ultimately help cutting-edgeclean energytechnologyRealize commercialization.In the short term, the base will be used to study self-sufficient family housing.The building looks like a standardized American family,Two floorsThere are four bedrooms and three bathrooms.National Institute of Standards and TechnologyOver a period of one year, 30% of the scientists will use computer simulation and mechanical control to imitate the activities of a family of four.The building will beSwitching apparatusandlighting。All energy will come directly from the house itself.[2]
