Kengo Kuma, yesJapanFamous architect, enjoying high international reputation, integrating classical and modern styles.Won the International Stone Building Award and Natural Wood BuildingSpirit AwardEtc.
Introduction to New Architecture is a book published by CITIC Press in 2011. The author is Kenwu Kuma.This book introduces the knowledge of building structure, development history and architectural style. It is a reference book for architecture majors.
On Ten Houses is a book published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in May 2008. The author is Kengo Kuma of [Japan].Ten Japanese residential cultures and requirements, as well as the characteristics and functions of ten Japanese houses.In the context of the rapid development of real estate, Kengo Kuma, a famous Japanese architect, started from the public psychology of "everyone wants a home", and relied on the professional knowledge and judgment of the architectural history and the architectural market to explore the most practical consumer demand of consumers, comprehensive education background
This is a renovation plan of an old office building, located at No. 58, Fanyu Road, adjacent to the beautiful garden of the "father of the country" Sun Yat sen's family, whose predecessor isShanghaicityWrist watchPlant of Plant 5.It is totally impossible to feel that it is an old building reconstruction.The mirror like flower fence on the facade is what Kengo Kuma is good at "making buildings disappear",architectural space The climax is the top floor of the building, a room standing on the water......, which is in harmony with the surroundings.Kengo Kuma didn't miss any details.The watering method of the flower stall is also very special.The lobby is like a separated outdoor space, which is very quiet.On one side is the mirror facade along the street, and on the other side is the texture effect made of strips of green glass. The section of the glass strip is chamferedsquare。The traffic in the lobby is very simple. A path leads to the office area and the elevator, surrounded by artificial water.Works 2: The central area of the storage and office area of the Nasu Historical Visiting Hall shows the structural advantages of the buildingSteel columnThe transparent circular glass wall supported reflects the transparency of the museum and the sense of integration with the outside world.The smooth walls are made of light and movable expanded aluminum plates, which are covered with grass to control the light and landscape.These aluminium plates were manufactured in cooperation with Akira Kusumi.
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Guangzhong Museum, Matoucho
Ando Hiroshige Museum, Matoucho, Tochigi, Japan, 1998-2000.This is to commemorateUkiyoeBuilt by a master, most of the architectural factors such as roof, wall, partition and furniture are usedfir woodAnd made blinds,Maximum possibleThe ground does not use concrete, and the cedar produced in the mountain behind the land is used to make the shutter.With the particles of louversurrounding environmentIntegration, so as to make the building disappear.In particular, Nu Xin developed the technology of non combustible fir, and used computers toStructural analysisThe technology makes the structure close to the fine shape of louver in scale.
This building is located in the round village of Gaoliuding. The thatched roof shows the traditional outline. It has also become a symbolic symbol of the round village scenery. Many traditional style houses in the village have disappeared.This“elegantThe soft "building is made of Hezhi paper (Japanese style paper) handmade by the local manufacturer Yasuo Kobayashi.Double layer and paper replace glass and aluminum plate.All interior architectural elements, such as floors and walls, are covered with paper.And paper tokgm andPersimmon lacquerYesWaterproof treatmentSo as to realize the potential of "fragile materials".
This building is from JapanArchitecture designerKengo Kuma's work is called“bambooHouse ".To build a building according to tradition, the first thing to do is“Three connections and one leveling”，“Seven connections and one leveling”However, this building is built on a ravine, making full use of the terrain. The lower layer is at the bottom of the ravine, and the upper layer is above the ravine.The appearance of this building is wrapped in bamboo. Kengo Kuma believes that bamboo is a symbol of China. When people see bamboo anywhere in the world, they will think of China. It is very meaningful to build such a building on the Great WallAgricultural civilizationAnd animal husbandry civilizationwatershed, to avoidTwo civilizationsTherefore, the Great Wall was built;The problem facing the world today isOriental CultureandWestern cultureOnly when the East and the West work together to restore trust and eliminate hostility can the world be peaceful and move forward.
Kengo Kuma, an internationally renowned Japanese architect, and Lyndon Neri and Rossana Hu, two famous designers based in Shanghai, have brought their creative talents into play, broken the rules, and jointly managed the new luxury hotel "Yu House" in Beijing.This is a brand new brand of Swire HotelsUnique hotelThe first in the seriesdevelopment projects 。
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Lotus house
A house facing still water and deep in the mountain.Pour clean water between the house and the river, and plantLotusThus, the residence expresses its existence through lotus flowers, leads to the river, and continues to lead to the forest on the other side of the river.The building itself is basically composed of supports.It is divided into two parts. In the middle is a cave shaped terrace, which is used to connect the forest behind the house and the forest on the other side of the river.The walls are designed to be filled with potholes.Use thick materials and stones to create a flexible wall through which the wind can blow.The components for making "holes" are: thinLimestonePlate, 20 cm × 60 cm in size, 30 mm thick, plus 8 × 16 mm in diameterstainless steelRailing, these exterior walls with holes look likeChesscheckerboard.This time, byStainless steel pipeUse stones to set off the lightness of lotus petals.
fromSOHO ChinaLtd., located inGongti North RoadIn the south, it is a city with mixed functions and large and concentrated volumeHistory of architectureA milestone project.The project is composed of five shopping centers and nine 30 storey office and apartment buildings. The five shopping centers are connected by an outdoor plaza with a roller skating rink and waterscape. It will be the most popular outdoor pedestrian commercial street and leisure plaza in Beijing.
One of the architectural techniques used by Kengo Kuma is that of a natural shape.For example, what does the first natural shape mean?It is not square or rectangular with edges and corners. It is circular and has lines like the human body.In the 20th century, most architects considered the space inside the building. In fact, the space between buildings was forgottenstreamlineIn the design, the space outside the building will also become very interesting.
A wooden four story hot spring hotel located in a snow covered valley.Maximize the use of originalCentury old shopAt the same time, a courtyard is added to change the internal spatial structure.The courtyard is surrounded by exquisite 4mm wide bamboo.An almost transparent glass called Dalle de Verre, originally used in the Middle Ages, was used at the entrance facing the outside.These non transparent and non sealed bamboo outer layers create a warm and relaxing bathroom effect in the hot spring with soft light and internal shadows.
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Collection facilities of wooden Buddha sitting statue in Anyang Temple
Place woodenAmitabha Buddha Sitting Statue(specific important cultural property), the seated statue dating back to the 12th century was placed inShankou CountyToyoura In the Auspicious Temple.The outer wall is made of 35cm thick bricks, which are made by the local traditional brick making method, partially reinforced by steel rings, with holes in the middle to filter air and light.Because bricks have the function of controlling humidity, there is no air conditioner installed here. The idea is to adjust the environment by the materials themselves.
In the reconstruction of this 9-storey building, Kengo Kuma used architectural solutions as far as possible, rather than just external reconstruction as a decoration.The architect paid close attention to the 80 cm gap between the building and its land boundary.
In the middle of this gap, 292 special glass panels are combined to have the texture of diamond section.For designers, each panel is an independent building component.In the panel, it is usually used for the double layer of aircraft wingsAluminium honeycombIs loaded into the middle of the double glazing.Each panel is interpreted from different angles. Panels with different planes are like precision cut diamonds, which can let light penetrate and then refract.Panel ground frame andHingeThrough the industry used for automobilesLatchMade of, this small detail once again confirmed the height of the building to usAccuracyAnd security.
These panels are finally fixed to the building through four structural support legs, and on the whole, it looks like they grow from the ground to the buildingParasitic plantAverage.By adding this in a space of only 80 cmDixinThe designer successfully brought about great changes between the existing buildings and their surrounding environment, and improved the elegant atmosphere of Ginza.
For interior construction, the designer intends to introduce external groundNatural lightCreate a considerate and translucent atmosphere, and let customers' eyes be gently captured by the panel.In order to accurately absorb soft light and create a soft shadow through reflection, the designer carefully combined materials and details, hoping to show the light temperament through materials.
For this purpose, the designer installed the enhancedSafety glassMade transparentlywindow shades；A large area of stone light wall is used indoors, which comes fromAdriatic SeaThe polished wall ofLight transmittance；Similar from SichuanmicaThe polished floor ofReflection and refraction... Each element is designed to leave a deep and lasting impression on customers.Combined with the lighting system designed by Satoshi Uchihara with outstanding effects, the indoor exhibition area on the third floor becomes a light performance, releasing the soul of Tiffany.
The designer also tried to express the connection of space and the elegant atmosphere of Tiffany flagship store from the structure, and the lobby is the ideal interpretation of this idea.It is aTwo floorsHigh space, transparent crystal stone wall and glass wall are facing it, connecting the street with the store.Through the mirror of the roof andlightingThe light fills the whole space, warm and charming.At the escalator, the wide wooden wall connects the first floor with the second floor, which is a brilliant branch of the third floora chandelierThe rest area on the third floor surrounded by wooden curtains is also connected with the second floor.
Tiffany's various series are displayed in such an elegant and flexible atmosphere. Of course, here, the designer also tries to present a modern flavor of the brand. It is shown through wooden hanging curtains, the landmark design of architects everywhere in the space, and transparent curtains. The creation of the rest area can best see the designer's intention.Here, gentlyGauzeIt appears in the same space with the slightly thick ground curtain, showing the contrast of color and texture®The pattern of the brand is also sewn onto the gauze curtain by hand, showing the brand's unique brand imprint.The furniture in the space is customized, which still shows an elegant and modern attitude.
THEBHS Bauhaus International Furniture R&D Center is located in ZhejiangJiaxing, is one of the important projects of THEBHS Bauhaus from 2011 to 2013.The aim is to build an international furniture R&D club integrating exhibition, design, R&D and leisure. Therefore, in terms of design theme, Kengo Kuma's primary consideration is how to design a landmark building.Combine Chinasouth of the lower reaches of the Yangtze RiverThe beautiful environment and the fact that the building is surrounded by rivers and has a wide view, Kengo Kuma proposed a design concept with the theme of "mountain peak", which will build a building with a height of 24m at the highest point.Sculpture buildings seem to be surrounded by "mountains" layer upon layer by the lake, so as to achieve a sense of harmony and unity between the building and the surrounding landscape, and will create an elegant and personalized "shape and outline" through distinctive building materials.
The building is closely connected with the cliff and fixed with 67 permanent foundation bolts. There is no other unique construction method.There are four floors in the building, and the horizontal deflection of each floor is 45 degrees, resulting in a well shaped structure, which weakens theplanNot onContinuity, while the environment of all spaces maintains continuity, this modern structure of continuous and discontinuous coexistence is exactly the same asKyoto University of Plastic ArtsPursuingArt NouveauThe direction is consistent.[1]
Zhicheng Hall, Kyoto Shaping Art University[1]
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"Let buildings disappear"
How can buildings disappear?He tried to eliminate the sense of existence of buildings with disorderly buildings.Tokyo is called a disorderly city.The old, the new, the big, the small, the artificial, the natural, all mixed together in disorder.This is bothAsiaThe common shortcoming of the city is also the charm.Kengo Kuma considered implementing this chaos in a building to integrate it with the surrounding chaos.His career as an architect began here.
It was in the late 1980s, when Tokyo waseconomic climate A good era full of vitality.The situation has changed since the 1990s.bubble economyThe disillusionment of Kuma has greatly reduced the number of construction projects, and Kengo Kuma has tried to make the appearance prominentExisting formIn turn, it becomes a concave concealed form.Build a U-shaped concrete structure on the ground of the original hilltop park, and then pile soil and plant trees on it to restore the original shape of the mountain.
It seems that the building only has a gap on the ground at the top of the mountain, and only a bird's eye view can see this gap, and people can only see the mountain from the ground.If we say that the existing form of architecture is usually plastic, this outlook platform is hollow. The reverse form of modeling is adopted, and the form of architecture is erased.Nevertheless, in thisIn the buildingPeople's understanding of the order of architectural space (sequence) does exist empirically.By doing this building, I found the possibility of replacing the former architectural form with experiential architecture and phenomenal architecture.
glass screen wallIt often cuts off the connection between the environment and the subject.It is not just transparent glass that can becomeOpennessArchitectural.Another examplekyotoOfmachiya (Note: JapanTraditional cityStreet facingShop floor）The door facing the street is mostly equipped with wooden lattice windows, which closely connect the interior and exterior.To successfully achieve this kind of connection, we need to carefully grasp the material and scale of particles.First of all, we should analyze the materials and scales that constitute the external environment.Appropriate materials and scales should also be selected when designing particles as internal and external media.
It is necessary to analyze the activities of subjects that are constantly changing in the environment.The distance between the main body and the particles, and the speed at which the main body moves in the field, to solve this problemequation, which can determine the material and scale of particles.The most important thing for a building is not its shape or shape, but the particles that make up the building.If the most suitable particles are successfully designed, the building and the environment can be integrated, and the building will disappear.In such thinking and practice, it is not simply burying the building but the possibility of making the building disappear by crushing and disintegrating the building.The design of particles is completed, and other factors, such as plane and shape, are automatically solved.conventionalDesign processIt is to determine the plane and shape first, and then consider the details of the indoor and outdoor boundary.
ModernismIt also claims that the goal of pursuing the transparency of architecture is to build a strong shape opposite to the environment.Le Corbusier As a concrete modeling building, Mies pursues transparency, but its essence is to compare glass modeling with nature.
Transparency is not purely visualContinuity。He hoped that with modern high-tech andRegionalityThe combination of natural materials makes this not young idea reborn in modern society.This is also an attempt to combine tradition, regionalism, cutting-edge and globalization.
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"Working in China is an important task for meMajor changes。Before that, I always consciously opposed the western design methods and principles.But Japan is too small to let me practice these ideas.China, however, has an astonishing number of pluralistic states.In this place,Multicultural, history and tradition coexist,natural environmentIts diversity is also surprising, which is totally different from Japan's complacency with the status quo. "
"Let's try to put a stone on the road of reality, think about how to place the stone and see what will happen. I have an impulse to call this behavior architectural design."
"I think there is a big difference in this natural fusion culture. I.M.PEI（Ieoh Ming Pei）As an architect in the 20th century, his way of natural integration in that period was the building itself, which basically took concrete as the main body and added the elements of glass that transmitted light. His integration was limited.Now, I hope to put this integration on a larger scale, not only to be more "destructive", but also to take this integration as the main body, which is what I think IM. PEI is the biggest difference. "
"The first thing to say is that bamboo materials are seldom used as main beams up to now, but more used as surface materials.But when bamboo is used as its original ecology, it gives people a strong sense of pillar. How to use bamboo as an important part of the structure has always been a very interesting topic for me, because bamboo is a material that is easy to crack. If I want to make a supporting structure, I need to strengthen it and explore it as a new possibility. "
“Japanese ZenIs fromDaoyuanThe monk started.Monk Daoyuan isJapanese ZenThe ancestor of.To say this, I would like to cite a Zen case to illustrate.Once, Daoyuan came to China. In a temple, he went to see a respected old monk, but saw that he was cooking. Daoyuan asked, "Why do you cook when you have reached such a high position?" The old monk replied, "This is Zen." At this moment, Taoist Monk Daoyuan had an epiphany. After returning to Japan,The essence of his development from Zen is that Zen and life are integrated.Therefore, the so-called Zen, the so-called religious, the so-called cultural, these are closely combined.
“ArchitectureOf course, our brand is needed, and there are many possibilities for brand generation.As an architect in the 20th century, Ando's brand manufacturing form is that after he made a style, he always maintains the brand.But after the 21st century, all kinds ofarchitectural styleIn this case, if there is no change in an architect brand, it will soon be abandoned.So I think the current architect brand is not built on a state of maintenance, but on the basis of "destruction".It's likeLouis VuittonThe reason why such a brand is constantly innovating is that it is demonstrating a process of constant destruction.In this process, it is more and more remembered.So the latter state is closer to art.I think my brand formation process is closer to the destructive formation of the 21st century. "
