Chen Zhaochang Guangxu reign period Fifteen years（ 1889 ）Medium Cite people In twenty years (1894) Jinshi , granted Imperial Academy An ordinary and lucky man 、 end the day's sessions First class editor, later changed Criminal Department be in charge , Candidate Taoist , went abroad with the ambassador to Britain, visited Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States and Japan Westernization 。 1896 and Zhang Yuanji Beijing Teachers who initiated new learning Tongyi School 。 With the South China Sea in 1897 Zhang Yinhuan He went to Britain as an envoy, visited various countries, and arrived in the same year Guangxi Served as the council office of the Westernization Bureau. Twenty fourth year of Guangxu（ 1898 ）At the beginning, Governor of Yunnan Chen Zhaochang returned to Yunnan to work on the westernization. When Chen passed Guangxi on his way to Yunnan Guilin , but was Governor of Guangxi Hold the post and have served successively in Guangxi Youjiang River Soldiers prepare their way , supervised by the Office of Supervision and Training, the General Office of the Foreign Affairs Bureau prime minister field headquarters Business Department Control water and army. To suppress Guangxi Wuzhou 、 Yuzhou 、 Xunzhou All the bandits made great contributions, and rewarded them in June of the 25th year of Guangxu reign peacock feathers on official caps 。 After Ben's mother died, he stayed in Guangzhou. Twenty sixth year of Guangxu（ 1900 ）Shangjing has successively served as the prefect of Changchun and the member of Shanhai Pass. When the Boxer Boxer Uprising and the Eight Power Allied Forces fell in Beijing, Chen Zhaochang followed the Western Empress Dowager Luan Yu and went west to Chang'an, which was appreciated by the Minister of Escort and the Western Empress Dowager. After returning to Beijing, he was put in an important position and served successively as the General Office of Beijing Yulin Railway Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway The General Office, Youcheng of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, etc. In 1903 high Qing official I will stay in Tianjin with you to negotiate the business agreement. In 1905, he served as the General Office of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway, and Zhan Tianyou First article designed and constructed by Chinese people Railway 。 33rd year of Guangxu（ 1907 ）, as supervisor Yanji Frontier affairs Also serve as the military units of Jilin Province Wing length , Department Hunchun Deputy Dutong 。 The second year of Xuantong（ July 23, 1910 ）He was appointed as the governor of Jilin Province and was actually awarded the following year. Jilin Province is a newly established province. Its government affairs are not on the right track, and its tax revenue is particularly flawed. After he took office, he worked out the measures of "unifying the tax items to the people and turning the public into the private and blaming the officials". The tax revenue was rectified and returned to the public, with an annual increase of more than 5 million taels.
The first year of the Republic of China（ 1912 ）, Chen Zhaochang was elected Jilin Dudu , and Jilin in the next year civil administration Long. In winter, I returned to Guangdong with the words of recuperation, and visited Shanghai , received Ren Guangdong Province Under the order of the Chief Civil Affairs, he still took illness as a reason for delay in taking office. Three years of the Republic of China（ 1914 ）On October 15, he died of illness on his way to office at the age of 47. Author《 Twenty four Huafengguan Poetry Banknote 》《 Collection of Twenty four Flower Style Museum 》Walk the world. Lingnan people are famous in the Northeast Late Ming and Early Qing Of Dongguan Yuan Chonghuan , Boluo Letter can Master（ Qianshan Remaining people), followed by the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China Xinhui Chen Zhaochang. Speaking of Chen Zhaochang, not many people now know; but Zhan Tianyou , Wu Luzhen Liao Zhongkai finally said of sb.'s name Right? These three celebrities were once subordinates of Chen Zhaochang. Chen Zhaochang, governor of Jilin in the Qing Dynasty and governor of Jilin in the Republic of China, died of illness in 1914 at the age of 47. His evaluation by later generations is between two poles. Take the path of fellow townsmen and become prosperous
Chen Zhaochang In 1903, Chen Zhaochang entered Beijing An audience , kept by Yuan Shikai Tianjin It seems that Xiangshan, a fellow villager, is also responsible for negotiating with him Tang Shaoyi Recommended by. In 1905, he served as the General Office of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway, and Zhan Tianyou of Nanhai served as the Office of the Railway Council. In 1907, he was appointed as the border affairs supervisor of Yanji, Jilin Province. He negotiated with Japan on "Jiandao", and took Wu Luzhen as the organizer. He took many powerful measures to safeguard the sovereignty of "Jiandao". In 1909, he served as the governor of Jilin and captured the leader of the Anqing New Army uprising Xiong Chengji , execute the bear according to the order. The Republic of China was founded in 1912, and Jilin Governor was renamed as Jilin Governor. He died in 1914. From Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway to "Jiandao" Negotiation
In 1905, Yuan Shikai was instructed to build Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway Bureau was set up in Tianjin, with Chen Zhaochang as the chief office and Zhan Tianyou as the committee office and chief engineering department. The first railway designed and constructed by Chinese people not only embodies the efforts of Zhan Tianyou, but also the leadership and coordination of Chen Zhaochang. In 1907, Chen Zhaochang stepped down from his post as the General Office, awarded the title of "Deputy Capital", and went to Yanji Hall in Jilin Province to investigate the border with the Japanese Association stay Japan aggression North Korea Previously, Sino Korean border There is no dispute. The Qing government inherited the ming dynasty The tradition of Tumen River Occasionally, some Koreans crossed the border to reclaim land along the border of China. At first, they called the reclaimed land "reclamation" and "reclamation island", which were pronounced "jiandao". reach Tongzhi During the 1990s, due to the famine in Korea, the number of reclamation people suddenly increased. Ming An, the general of Jilin, and Wu Dacheng, the border affairs supervisor, once planned to include Han people in Hunchun and Dunhua, but the king of Han wrote to the Qing court and volunteered to "brush back Han people", but it could not be implemented in practice. After Japan invaded Korea, it coveted the right to benefit the Northeast and took the opportunity to put forward the so-called "Jiandao" sovereignty. During the whole negotiation process, the "latent" revolutionary party backbone Wu Luzhen was the main force in the negotiation, while Chen Zhaochang grasped the general direction and gave substantive support, such as adding the Border Affairs Office and affiliated barracks, building roads leading to the border area, mobilizing troops to strengthen the defense and construction of Yanji area Patrol police Team, appease Yue Keng and Han Min, etc. These decisions, together with the governors of the three northeastern provinces central government Chen Zhaochang, as the General Office, can only complete the liaison and communication work. (Su Jiuqing, Yuan Hongguang: Chen Zhaochang's Negotiation with "Jiandao"《 Journal of Beihua University 》Issue 6, 2008) Signed between China and Japan on September 4, 1909《 Tumen River Sino Korean Boundary Affairs Clause 》(also called《 Inter island agreement 》）The main purpose is: China and Japan jointly recognize the Tumen River as the border between China and the DPRK, and allow Japan to establish a collar; Quasi North Korea Diaspora In Tumen Jiangbei Mixed habitation , under the jurisdiction of local Chinese officials, Japanese consuls are allowed to hear; Japan built Jihui Road. In November of the same year, Japan withdrew“ Korean Unification and Supervision Office Interlima Police Station ”, set up“ Interlima President of Japan consulate ”And set up branches in Yanji, Hunchun and other commercial ports, marking the end of the Sino Japanese "Jiandao case". (Sun Yanshu, Liu Xinjun: "Wu Luzhen and the Resolution of the Sino Japanese" Inter island Case ", published in" The Centennial Project of Jilin Province's Establishment 1907-2007 ") This was the most realistic way to solve the problem when China and Japan were in great disparity of strength and China and the DPRK had always had special relations. Xu Shichang, the governor of the three eastern provinces, praised the imperial court vigorously, saying that Chen Zhaochang could "strengthen our national defense and maintain our sovereignty, which is really to manipulate Xianyi and make great contributions to the country". Executing Xiong Chengji, leader of Anqing Uprising
In 1908, the Qing government convened the southern provinces Western-style army at the end of Qing dynasty hold Taihu Autumn calisthenics At that time, the news came that Guangxu and Cixi had died one after another. Xiong Chengji, a member of the Restoration Society, took the opportunity to launch a new army uprising in Anqing. The plan was to go to Taihu Lake after occupying Anqing, join the new army, and eliminate the leading figures such as Yinchang, Duanfang and Zhu Jiabao. On November 19, the uprising was launched, and more than 1000 people participated in the uprising. who knows Governor of Anhui Zhu returned to Anqing ahead of schedule, organized effective resistance and sent a telegram to the Qing court for help. The troops organized by the Qing government to rally in the Taihu Lake moved to fight back, and the Restoration Army failed in the uprising. Xiong Chengji fled to Japan and joined the Alliance. In September 1909, Xiong Chengji came to the Northeast to carry out activities under the pseudonym of Zhang Jianxun. In order to raise funds for the revolution, in view of the mutual hatred between Japan and Russia, Xiong Chengji plans to sell a batch of Japan's secret military maps to the Russians. Zang Guansan, Xiong Chengji's stopover owner, is the father of his classmates studying in Japan. One day, Xiong Chengji drank too much, revealed his real name to Zang Guansan, and then went to Harbin. Back in Changchun. At this time, we were driving Beile Zaixiun, the military minister of Shanghai, to Harbin. It was said that Xiong Chengji planned to assassinate Zaixiun, and the officials of the Qing Dynasty offered a reward of 5000 yuan for arrest. Zang Guansan then knew that the man who had lived in his house for a long time was an imperial criminal and told the Yamen. Chen Zhaochang sent people to Harbin with Zang Guansan to arrest Xiong Chengji.
On January 31, 1910, Xiong Chengji was escorted to Changchun trial. Bear confessed that he was Anqing uprising Commander in Chief , but refused to give up“ Fellow party ”。 At the end of the trial, Chen Zhaochang, a photographer, sent someone to take a picture of Xiong Chengji. Xiong Qin wrote on his back: "Xiong Chengji's portrait after his arrest". The Qing court was informed that Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Anhui province, sent people to Jilin to "verify their identity." At that time, the revolutionaries Liao Zhongkai and Lin Boqu were all working underground in Jilin. If Xiong Chengji confessed truthfully, they would be doomed. In late February, Chen Zhaochang ordered Xiong Chengji to be executed. On the third anniversary of Xiong Chengji's death in February 1912 Resumption president Zhang Taiyan Initiated a memorial meeting in Jilin, Zhang Taiyan read out Xiong Chengji's Mourning, comparing Chen Zhaochang to the killing Qiu Jin Zhejiang Governor of Zhang Zengji , "His crime is regarded as Zeng Gui and even hundreds of people, the Republic of China's political construction, but the feast is located in the east table, the town of a Chinese mainland, and the shame of the country is real" (Chapter 4 of the Complete Works of Zhang Taiyan). According to Zhang Taiyan, Chen Zhaochang was a criminal in the Republic of China; From the perspective of the third party, each was his own master at that time, so why should we discuss it deeply? I.e twice president of the republican government at Peking On the eve of the Wuchang Uprising, Li also killed two revolutionaries in person. After that, Li was not investigated, but was elected military government Grand Marshal , Republic of China vice president 。 Zhang Taiyan was very famous at that time. He was both a leader of the Revolutionary Party and a famous scholar. This speech was so devastating that Chen Zhao often failed to stand down, and it also foreshadowed the "drive Chen" of Jilin local forces in the future. From pursuing new policies to leaving office
After Chen Zhaochang became governor of Jilin in July 1909, on the one hand, he had to deal with the heavy negotiations with Japan and Russia, on the other hand, he focused on improving internal affairs, strengthening strength Resist aggression The fundamental plan. Chen Zhaochang's measures to revitalize the industry have achieved remarkable results. For example, he took the lead in developing sericulture and silk reeling in Northeast China, established the electric light industry in Jilin for the first time, and others such as make wine 、 Soybean oil Production Mining , which has gradually developed and laid the industrial foundation of Jilin Province. In view of Jilin's vast territory and sparse population, Chen Zhaochang actively carried out immigration and land reclamation, fundamentally solved the control of the border area, and resisted the infiltration of foreign forces. As an official who was born in the Imperial Academy and was familiar with westernization, Chen Zhaochang attached great importance to education. In just a few years, he has established a relatively complete and systematic education system, including junior high school, senior high school, middle school, junior normal school, excellent normal school, law and politics, agriculture, patrol police, and army primary school. Jilin region was traditionally managed by Manchu generals and deputy capital generals in a military manner, and the civil affairs and financial systems were extremely imperfect. Chen Zhaochang gradually established a complete administrative system and official appointment and assessment system by taking advantage of his experience in the mainland. In 1908, Zhejiang businessman Zhu Jiang and others raised funds to set up a head office in Yanbian, Jilin Province. They investigated the vegetation and water transportation of Tumen River, and repeatedly advised the deputy capital of Hunchun, Guo Zongxi, to develop Tumen River. In August 1909, Guo Zongxi, the deputy capital of Hunchun, submitted a petition to the governor of Jilin about the ship opening in Hunchun, which was approved by Chen Zhaochang, the then governor, and agreed to fund it. Chen Zhaochang attached great importance to the opening of Tumen River outbound shipping. After doing a lot of hard and careful research, data collection and sorting and field inspection, he deeply felt that "Tumen River is really the gateway of the province because of its twists and turns and natural situation". To this end, Chen Zhaochang made a compromise in writing to the Qing court, stating in detail that there are six advantages in developing the Tumen River route. Chen Zhaochang was determined to open the Tumen River outbound shipping. In May of the second year of Xuantong (1910), Chengnan Wharf and Xiweizi Sanhe Warehouse Wharf were first built on the Hunchun River, and wooden sailboats were used to enter the Sea of Japan from the Hunchun River through the Tumen River Estuary to Vladivostok Port in Russia, Sucheng Port, Olga Port, Xiongji Port in Korea and other places. Later, he proposed to the Qing court to establish Jilin Tuchang Aviation Industry Co., Ltd. In February 1910, Jilin Province asked the Ministry of Posts and Communications for instructions on the idea and operation method of Tumen River navigation. On March 2, 1910 (the second year of Xuantong), the Ministry of Posts and Communications replied with approval. At the beginning of the third year of Xuantong (1911), "Jilin Tuchang Shipping Co., Ltd." was established. From April of the third year of Xuantong (1911), the ship Turui started from Shanghai with coal, passed through Nagasaki, Japan, and then sailed into the Tumen River, opening the route from Nagasaki, Japan, to the Tumen River in China for the first time. [2]
The Wuchang Uprising broke out on October 16, 1911, and the people in the three northeastern provinces called for independence. Chen Zhaochang responded quickly and set up the Jilin Security Council on November 16, 1911. He recruited the gentry and the people to participate in it. Under the banner of protecting the territory and the people, he watched the change quietly; Then he ordered the province to reduce taxes to buy people's hearts. After the founding of the Republic of China, the dragon flag was removed and replaced national flag of the early Republic In the early years of the Republic of China, it was not surprising that the governor of Jilin was renamed as the governor of Jilin. When the overall situation of a successful revolution has been determined, some provinces have achieved peaceful transition, and the people can avoid the pain caused by turbulence, which is not a good thing at first. At this time, between the Southern Democratic Party and Yuan Shikai Group Nanjing It's still a debate in Beijing. Chen Zhaochang calls Sun Yat-sen , expressed his position: "The President must be appointed in Beijing", and the Nanjing Senate moved north. The Southern Democratic Party found that Yuan Shikai was powerful and could no longer delay, so it had to reluctantly accept. Chen Zhaochangyin by imperial decree The execution of Xiong Chengji was very passive after the revolution and kept asking Yuan Shikai to resign, which was retained by some gentry. In 1913, the Jilin Provincial Assembly impeached and accused Chen Zhaochang of harming the public for his own sake, which was later transferred to the court. Beijing Dali Court ruled that Chen Zhaochang "should not be ordinary court Jurisdiction ", rejected. In June, Chen Zhaochang resigned again due to illness, and Yuan Shikai approved him to resign as the Governor of Jilin and transfer to the post of Chief Civil Affairs of Guangdong. On the 22nd, on the occasion of Chen Zhaochang's farewell for the military and political circles in Jilin, two law bearers, together with 10 bailiffs, held summonses to be detained. After Meng Enyuan, the escort, intervened, Chen Zhaochang had to leave the country. Chen Zhaochang was expelled by Jilin local people. First, he was ordered to execute Xiong Chengji that year, offending a large number of revolutionaries; Second Xin Hai Since then, many provinces have seen the situation of military men in power, and Chen Zhaochang, without his own basic troops, is difficult to continue to stand on his feet; Third, the Qing Dynasty Fall down Since then, the provincial withdrawal system has also been abolished accordingly, and the provincial councils hope to let their own people serve as the chief. After Chen Zhaochang left, Qi Yaolin, a native of the province, took over first. Because he was not at peace with the army leader and was uneasy about his position, he was forced to leave after a short time. Later, warlords and bandits held power in Northeast China, which made it difficult to carry out civil affairs, education, and industry. The Japanese power expanded rapidly, and the rule of military men might be responsible. 
Ink of Chen Zhaochang Haiyu has many heroes, and the dustpan has been sealed for thousands of years.
In the autumn of Jilin, an earthquake struck suddenly, which surprised the centenarian.
It is said that the couch allows you to sleep soundly and sleep deeply at night.
It is forced to sneak into other people's lives, and it is better to shake up than to be Cang Hao.
Uncle Chang has never dared to disobey the sky, and he has been loyal and blue blooded every year.
I don't know how deep the East China Sea is, so I need to fill it with tiny birds, wood and stones.
