As early as the Paleolithic Age, there were human activities in the realm.Famous General of Western Han DynastyHuo QubingThe residence extends to recover Hexi.In the Yuan Dynasty, Yijinai Road Chief Executive Office was set up.In the Qing Dynasty, there were two special flags: Alashan Heshuote Banner and Ejina Old Turgut Banner.In 1949, Alxa Heshuote Banner and Ejina Turgut Banner were peacefully liberated.The Alxa League was established in May 1980.[1]Bayanhot Town is 1131 kilometers away from Beijing in the east, 723 kilometers away from Hohhot in the southeast, 114 kilometers away from Yinchuan in the southeast, 817 kilometers away from Xi'an, and 520 kilometers away from Lanzhou in the southwest.[3]
In 2023, the gross domestic product of Alxa League will be 40.493 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.6% at constant prices. At the end of the year, the permanent population of the League will be 268400.[27][30]
Chinese name
alxa league
Foreign name
Alxa League[33]
area number
one hundred and fifty-two million and nine hundred thousand
Administrative Region Category
Alliance
Region
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
geographical position
The westernmost part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Area
270000 km²
Area under jurisdiction
3 flags
Government residence
Bayanhot Town, Alxa Left Banner[1]
Area Code
0483
Postal Code
seven hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and six
The Alxa region is one of the birthplaces of ancient human beings. The discovery of colorful hand-painted rock paintings in the Yabulai Mountain cave in the Alxa Right Banner and a large number of fine stone cultural relics in the Alxa Left Banner proves that human activities have existed in the Alxa region since the Paleolithic Age.
At the end of the primitive society and the slave society, there were traces of the lives of the ancestors of the Yin, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the weak water basin and Juyan Sea.
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he set up Beidi Prefecture in the northeast of Alxa.
In the Han Dynasty, Alxa Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Beidi, Wuwei and Zhangye.In the third year of the Taichu period (102 BC) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, 180000 soldiers were sent to the Hexi to guard the border and open up fields, and Juyan and Xiutu counties were set up in the north.In the first year of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty (73 BC), Juyan County was under the administration of Zhangye County.In the first year of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 years), it was renamed "Zhangye Juyan Country".In the second year of Emperor Xiandi's Xingping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (195), Xihai County was set up, and Yanyi County was under its jurisdiction.[11]
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the State of Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty continued to set up Xihai Prefecture.In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Alxa region was under the jurisdiction of Liangzhou. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386 years), Lu Guang, a Di people, established the Houliang regime and led Yanxian County.In the second year of Zhengguang, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty (521), Juyan Ancient Capital belonged to Rouran Brahman territory.
From the Sui Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, the Alxa region belonged to Ganzhou and Suzhou, and was once occupied by Turkic nobles.In the second year of Chuigong in the Tang Dynasty (686), the Tang Dynasty once moved the "Anbei Prefecture Protectorate" from Mobei to Monan, where the Prefecture Protectorate was located in the same city, which is now Ejina Banner.In the second year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (743), the Tang Dynasty set up Ning Kou Army to lead Juyan's military affairs.During the "An Shi Rebellion", the Hexi Corridor was cut off by Tubo, and Juyan became the "Northern Grassland Silk Road" from Chang'an to the Western Regions.Later, Juyan area was successively occupied by the Tubo, Uighur and Khitan tribes.
In the first year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1038), when the Western Xia Dynasty was founded, there were 12 military supervision departments and 50000 troops along the Helan Mountain.The "Yanjun Department of Heishui Town" is set up in Juyan area, and the administrative office is now Heicheng, Ejina Banner.[11]
The Yuan Dynasty set up Yijinai Road, which was under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, and managed military and political affairs. The head office was stationed in Heicheng, also known as Harahot.[11]
During the Ming Dynasty, the Northern Yuan Dynasty and the Oura forces successively occupied the Alxa region.In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), the Western Route Army of the Ming Dynasty rode 50000 cavalries out of the fortress, and the front of the army pointed directly at the Yijinai Road. The garrison general of Halahaot, Buyan Timur, was defeated and Heicheng was abandoned.After the middle of Ming Dynasty, it was the nomadic land of Dayan Khan in Mongolia.[11]
In the early Qing Dynasty, Erlinqin and Guludaiqing in Ordos, Mongolia, nomadized the Alashan area.In the sixth year of Shunzhi's reign (1649), due to the rebellion of Dazamusu, the headquarters moved to Hetao area.In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), the leader of Weilat Junggar tribeGardanDefeat Eqiertu Khan, leader of Heshuo Special Department.In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), Luo Li, the grandson of Gushi Khan (also translated as Gushi Khan), led Heshuo's remaining troops to migrate from Xinjiang, via Qinghai Grassland, to Alashan.In the 36th year of Kangxi's reign (1697), a flag editor was set up, and the Alxa Heshuote flag was officially set up.In the 37th year of Kangxi's reign (1698), Arabjul, the son of Nazarmamut, the Ayuqi Khan of the Turhute tribe who immigrated to the Volga River basin, led his troops to Tibet to worship the Buddha. His return was blocked and he asked to be enclosed. The Qing court granted the Shepherd River and Selten places, 73 years earlier than the return of the Wabashi Khan, the Turhute tribe, to the east.In the seventh year of Yongzheng era (1729), Dan Zhong, son of Arabjul, was granted the title of Dorobelle.After the ninth year of Yongzheng era (1731), they moved to Ejina River basin.In the 18th year of Qianlong's reign (1753), Ejina Old Turhute Banner was set up.There is no alliance on the two banners, and they are directly under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Court of the Qing Dynasty.[11]
During the period of the Republic of China, Alxa Heshuote Banner and Ejina Old Turguote Banner were directly under the jurisdiction of the Mongolian Tibetan Committee of the Central Executive Yuan, and the Ningxia Escort Envoy and Ningxia Province were also in charge of the two banners.During this period, Dengkou Bage (Township), formerly belonging to Alxa Heshuote Banner, was established as a county level organization.[11]
On September 23, 1949, Alxa Heshuote Banner was peacefully liberated.On September 27, 1949, Ejina Old Turkut Banner was peacefully liberated.In November 1949, the People's Government of Ejina Banner Autonomous Region was established.In March 1950, the People's Government of Alxa Heshuote Banner Autonomous Region was established.In April 1954, the Mongolian Autonomous Region of Ningxia Province was established, which governs Alxa Banner and Dengkou County. It is a regional level local power under the jurisdiction of Ningxia Province.In October 1954, the Mongolian Autonomous Region of Ningxia Province was renamed the Mongolian Autonomous Region of Gansu Province due to the revocation of the organizational system of Ningxia Province and its incorporation into Gansu Province.In March 1955, Gansu Mongolian Autonomous Region was renamed Gansu Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and Ejina Banner Autonomous Region was renamed Ejina Banner.In November 1955, the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province was renamed Bayinhot Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province.In February 1956, Bayannur League was established, which governs Alxa Banner, Ejina Banner, Dengkou County and Bayanhot City, belonging to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In April 1958, Bayannur League was merged with Hetao Administrative Region and became an agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The League government was moved to Sansheng Gong;In August of the same year, Bayanhot City was cancelled and became a town level organization.In April 1961, the Alashan Banner was divided into the Alashan Left Banner and the Alashan Right Banner.In July 1969, Alxa Left Banner was assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Alxa Right Banner and Ejina Banner were assigned to Gansu Province.In July 1979, Alxa Left Banner, Ejina Banner and Alxa Right Banner were under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In May 1980, the Alxa League was established, which is subordinate to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and is a regional organization.[11]
administrative division
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Alxa High tech Industrial Development Zone
As of October 2021, the Alxa League has three banners（Alxa Left Banner、Alxa Right Banner、Ejina Banner）In addition, there are three autonomous region level development zones (Alxa High tech Industrial Development Zone, Shuangjingtan Ecological Migration Demonstration Zone, and Zeke Port Economic Development Zone), 32 Sumu towns and 200 Gacha villages.The League Administrative Office is located in Bayanhot Town, Alxa Left Banner.[2][13]
geographical environment
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Location context
Alxa League is located inInner Mongolia Autonomous RegionThe westernmost part is located inHubao Yinyu Economic Zone, the intersection of Longhai Lanxin Economic Belt, the east, northeast andWuhai、Bayannur、erdosThe three cities are connected, and the south, southeast andNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionAdjacent to the west, southwest andGansu ProvinceBordering to the northMongoliaThe border is 735 kilometers long.The geographical coordinates are between 97 ° 10 ′ - 106 ° 53 ′ E and 37 ° 24 ′ - 42 ° 47 ′ N.It is 831 kilometers long from east to west, 598 kilometers wide from south to north, and covers a total area of about 270000 square kilometers, accounting for 22.8% of the total area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.[3]
Alxa League is an inland high plain area with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. It is surrounded by desert and gobi, hills and mountains.The mountain area of the whole league is 34400 square kilometers, the hilly area is 13600 square kilometers, the Gobi area is 91000 square kilometers, and the desert area is 88400 square kilometers.Dalanghao, the main peak of Helan Mountain at the highest altitude, is 3556 meters, the highest peak in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;The lowest Yingen Basin is 740 meters above sea level.There is Helan Mountain in the east of the alliance, with a total length of 250 kilometers, which is the western boundary of China's monsoon influence area, the watershed of internal and external basins, and the boundary of 200 mm precipitation;Longshou Mountain and Heli Mountain in the south are the northern barriers of Hexi Corridor;The Mazong Mountain in the west is distributed in a continuous and undulating way;Halunai Mountain, Hanwula Mountain, Bayanwula Mountain and Yabulai Mountain, the remaining veins of Langshan Mountain in the middle, are inserted from northeast to southwest, dividing the Alashan High Plain into two large blocks, the east and the west.There are three deserts in Badain Jaran, Tengger and Ulanbuh.Badain Jaran Desert, with a total area of 49200 square kilometers, is the second largest desert in China and is famous for its high and steep altitude;Bilutu Peak, 1611 meters above sea level and 598 meters above sea level, is known as the "Desert Everest" and the highest desert peak in the world.[3]
climate
Alxa League is located in the hinterland of the Asian continent. It is an inland plateau, far from the sea, and has a typical continental monsoon climate.The climate characteristics of the four seasons are obvious, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest, and the evaporation increases from southeast to northwest.The annual average temperature is 7.9-10 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 35.3 ℃ (Dalaihub, February 9, 1964), and the extreme maximum temperature is 44.8 ℃ (Jiaozi Lake, July 24, 1988).The average temperature in January is - 10.9 - 7.5 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 23.5 - 28.4 ℃.The annual precipitation is 39.3-224.2mm.Evaporation (April October) 1212.5-2315.8mm.The annual frost free period is 142-174 days.Annual sunshine hours are 2993-3345 hours.The annual average wind speed is 2.4-4.6m/s.Westerly wind prevails in the north of Alxa League, and southeast wind prevails in the south.[3]
hydrology
The river system of Alxa League is mainly inland river system, with the Yellow River passing through the east and the Black River flowing into the west.The Yellow River enters the Alxa League from Mahuanggou, Shizuishan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and leaves Dengkou County at 20 li Liuzi along the southeast border. It is about 80 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 3988 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 31.5 billion cubic meters.Heihe River is the second largest inland river in China. It originates from Qilian Mountains, flows through Qinghai Province, Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and ends at Juyan Sea. The main stream is 928 kilometers long, and the lower reaches are below the Zhengyi Gorge. It flows through Dingxin Town, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, and finally flows into East Juyan Sea, Ejina Banner, Alxa League. The river course in Alxa League is 314 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 70000 square kilometers.[3]
The valley spring streams of Alxa League mainly originate from Helan Mountain, Yabulai Mountain, Longshou Mountain and other mountains, with a total of more than 70 places and a drainage area of 2676 square kilometers.The total annual clean water volume is 9.05 million cubic meters, and the average annual flood volume is about 50 million cubic meters.[3]
There are many lakes in Alxa League, mainly lake basins in the three deserts.There are 602 large and small lake basins in the three deserts (Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Ulanbuh Desert) of the Alashan League, of which 75 lakes have a water surface area of more than 1 square kilometer (14 lakes in Badain Jaran Desert, 47 lakes in Tengger Desert, 14 lakes in Ulanbuh Desert), with a total water surface area of 273 square kilometers.[3]
soil
The soil in Alxa League has obvious zonal distribution characteristics due to the influence of landform and bioclimatic conditions. From southeast to northwest, the zonal distribution of soil gradually transits from brown calcium soil to gray desert soil and gray brown desert soil.Non zonal soil includes aeolian sandy soil, saline soil, alkaline soil, chapped soil, calcareous stone soil and coarse bone soil.Forest shrub meadow soil and salinized fluvo aquic soil are developed in flood plain and low terrace, and salinization is common.[3]
natural resources
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water resource
Alxa Left Banner
The total amount of water resources in Alxa League is 730 million cubic meters (excluding the inflow of Heihe River), including 32.43 million cubic meters of surface water resources and 748 million cubic meters of groundwater resources.The total amount of available water resources is 452 million cubic meters, of which the exploitable amount of groundwater is 365 million cubic meters.[4]
By the end of 2020, the league has 23 small and medium-sized reservoirs with a total capacity of 24.646 million cubic meters;99 ponds.[4]
Animal resources
The Alashan League is rich in wild animal resources, with more than 200 kinds of wild vertebrates, among which the first level protected wild animals are Mongolian wild donkey, wild camel, northern goat, relict gull, musk deer, black stork, golden eagle, bustard, etc;The wild animals under national second-class protection include goose throat antelope, red deer, argali sheep, blue sheep, swan, falcon, blue eared pheasant, eagle owl, etc.[4]
plant resources
The wild plants in Alxa League are mainly xerophytes, hyper xerophytes, halophytes and desert plants. There are more than 900 kinds of wild plants.Among them, 45 species are listed in the List of Rare and Endangered Protected Plants in Inner Mongolia.The first level protection plants include six species, namely Haloxylon ammodendron, Populus euphratica, Cistanche deserticola, Tetraena mongolica, Nitraria and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus;The secondary protected plants include Ephedra maculata, Echinacea nuda, Mongolian almond, Acer platyphylla, licorice, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Helan clove, abscesses grass, and Artemisia annua;The third level protected plants are Polygonum mongolicum, Alxa Calligonum, Desert Yarrow, Oxytropis helanshanensis, Oxytropis argyi, Alxa Scutellaria baicalensis, Alxa Monospinosa, Helan Mountain Nuloulai, Mongolian New Jiuling Chrysanthemum, Helan Mountain Corydalis, Helan Mountain South Mustard, Alxa Desert Mustard, Yinshan Mustard, Needle Branch Rutaceae, Long leaf Red Sand, Inner Mongolia Artemisia, Alxa Dimocarpus, alternate leaf drunken fish grassThere are 30 kinds of white hemp, Helan Mountain Scrophulariae, Inner Mongolia lilac, Gobi short tongued chrysanthemum, Helan Mountain female Artemisia, Alxa wind hairy chrysanthemum, Gobi chenopodium, petal scale flower, and lateral marigold flower.The distribution of natural arbor forest in Alashan League is 1.1 million mu, of which the natural secondary forest on the west slope of Helan Mountain is mainly Qinghai spruce, 580000 mu;The Populus euphratica forest in Ejina Juyan Oasis is 440000 mu.Natural shrubs mainly include white thorn, Haloxylon ammodendron, flower stick, caragana korshinskii, red sand, cotton thorn, tamarix, ammopiptanthus mongolicus, overlord, etc., covering an area of 29.8 million mu.There are rich varieties and reserves of wild medicinal materials, such as Cistanche deserticola, liquorice, Cynomorium songaricum, Sophora alopecuroides, Ephedra sinica, agarwood, wolfberry black fruit, apocynum venetum, etc.[4]
mineral resources
Alxa League is rich in mineral resources. 86 kinds of minerals have been found, 47 kinds of minerals have been found, 37 kinds of minerals have been developed and utilized, and 175 mineral sites, including 1 super large mining area, 19 large mining areas, 25 medium-sized mining areas, and 130 small mining areas.Among them, the reserves of anthracite, titanium, bismuth, antimony, dolomite for metallurgy, dolomite for magnesium smelting, iceland stone, crystalline graphite, agate, kaolin and ceramic soil rank first in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the reserves of vanadium, mirabilite and limestone for alkali production rank second in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the reserves of niobium, ordinary fluorite, arsenic, phosphorus and gypsum rank third in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The advantageous minerals of the whole league are anthracite, salt mine, natural alkali, gold mine, fluorite, crystalline graphite, dolomite for magnesium smelting, granite for veneer, kaolin, ceramic clay, oil, natural gas, etc.[4]
Alxa League is rich in coal resources with complete coal types, mainly high quality coal such as Taixi anthracite and coking coal, which are mainly distributed in Helan Mountain, Heishan, Alxa Left Banner, and Changshan, Alxa Right Banner, with a resource volume of 3.301 billion tons.The reserves of ferrous metal mineral resources dominated by iron are relatively rich. The iron ore in Ejinaqi area has a high ore abundance ratio and low content of harmful elements. It is a high-quality raw material for the iron and steel industry, with a proven reserves of 179 million tons.Precious metal mineral resources dominated by gold have great potential. 25 gold producing areas have been found with 108.48 tons of proved reserves.The Beishan metallogenic belt in Ejin Banner is an important metallogenic belt of gold, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc and other nonferrous metals, and an important nonferrous metal prospecting target area in China, with huge prospecting potential.The non-metallic minerals are very distinctive and have obvious resource advantages. The reserves of crystalline graphite resources are huge and of good grade, with a reserve of 29.3651 million tons, mainly distributed in Chahamuhulu and Shuangjingtan areas in Alxa Left Banner;The reserves of natural alkali are rich, with 709 million tons of proven reserves, mainly concentrated in the tamarin area of Alxa Right Banner;There is a huge reserve of granite resources for decoration, with a proven reserve of 449 million cubic meters, and the Bayanori public granite for decoration in Alxa Left Banner is the most famous;3.117 million tons of ordinary fluorite, mainly distributed in Alxa Right Banner and Ejina Banner;Quartz sand and clay for ceramsite are widely distributed around Jiargalsaihan Town and Tengger Elis Town in Alxa Left Banner, with obvious resource advantages and formed industrial bases;Breakthroughs have been made in oil and natural gas exploration. The exploration and prediction of geological oil reserves is 165 million tons and that of natural gas is 13.1 billion cubic meters, which is expected to achieve significant results.[4]
population
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population size
Zeke Port Economic Development Zone
As of November 2020，There are 262300 permanent residents in Alxa League, an increase of 13.41% compared with the sixth national population census in 2010.Among the permanent population of the league: 176700 in Alxa Left Banner;The permanent population of Alxa Right Banner is 22600;Ejina Banner has a permanent population of 35700;The permanent population of Alxa High tech Industrial Development Zone is 27200.The sex ratio of the population (100 women, male to female ratio) is 113.56.The population aged 15-59 is 187800, accounting for 71.59%;The population aged 65 and above is 25700, accounting for 9.83%.The average length of schooling of the population aged 15 and above is 10.94 years.The population living in cities and towns is 215100, accounting for 82.02%;The population living in the countryside is 47100, accounting for 17.98%.The floating population is 160500, including 69900 people from across autonomous regions and 90600 people from within autonomous regions.[12]
By the end of 2023, the permanent population of Alxa League is 268400, and the urbanization rate of permanent population is 83.63%.[30]
Ethnic Composition
As of November 2020，The population of Han nationality in Alxa League is 197200, accounting for 75.17%;The Mongolian population is 50100, accounting for 19.1%;The population of other ethnic minorities is 15000, accounting for 5.74%.[12]
Economics
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comprehensive
In 2022, the gross domestic product of Alxa League will reach 40.73 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over 2021 at comparable prices.By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 2.45 billion yuan, up 4.2%;The added value of the secondary industry was 26.17 billion yuan, up 4.7%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 12.1 billion yuan, up 1.9%.The proportion of the three industries is 6.0 ∶ 64.3 ∶ 29.7.The primary, secondary and tertiary industries contributed 6.8%, 73.7% and 19.5% to GDP growth respectively.The per capita GDP reached 150848 yuan, an increase of 1.7% over 2021.[14]
Change of gross domestic product (2018~2022) in Alashan League
Reference source[14][18-21]
In 2022, the consumption price of residents in Alxa League will increase by 1.9% compared with 2021.By category, food, tobacco and alcohol increased by 1.1%, clothing decreased by 1.2%, housing increased by 3.9%, household goods and services decreased by 0.1%, transportation and communication increased by 4.5%, education, culture and entertainment increased by 1.3%, medical care decreased by 1%, and other goods and services increased by 1.5%.From the perspective of industrial production, the ex factory price of industrial producers increased by 8.6% over 2021, and the price of industrial products increased by 3.7%.The retail price of commodities rose 1.6% year on year.[14]
In 2022, fixed asset investment of more than 5 million yuan in urban and rural areas of Alxa League will increase by 37.1% over 2021.Among them, investment in the primary industry dropped 18.9%;Investment in the secondary industry increased by 49.6%;Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 13.2%.Private investment increased by 28.5%;Infrastructure investment increased by 186.5%.The number of construction projects in the year was 314, down 6.8%, and the number of new projects was 131, down 12.1%;The number of projects put into production is 52.Investment in new projects increased by 42.8%;Investment in expansion projects increased by 85.5%;Investment in reconstruction and technological transformation increased by 56.3%.[14]
In 2022, the general public budget revenue of Alxa League will be 3.62 billion yuan, up 7.9% year on year (up 18.8% on the same caliber).Among them, the tax revenue was 2.35 billion yuan, accounting for 64.9% of the general public budget revenue.General public budget expenditure reached 10.31 billion yuan, up 20.8% year on year.The financial expenditure of the whole league on people's livelihood reached 6.64 billion yuan, accounting for 64.3% of the general public budget expenditure.In terms of sub items, education expenditure reached 870 million yuan, up 17.8% year on year;Science and technology expenditure reached 70 million yuan, up 71.1% year on year;Expenditures on culture, sports and media reached 230 million yuan, up 4% year on year;Social security and employment expenditure reached 1.19 billion yuan, up 23.1% year on year;Health expenditure reached 710 million yuan, up 11.7% year on year;Expenditure on housing security reached 310 million yuan, up 13.4% year on year.[14]
In 2022, the per capita disposable income of all residents in Alxa League will be 44875 yuan, an increase of 5.5% over 2021.According to permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was 49629 yuan, up 5% year on year.From the perspective of main income composition, wage income is 30853 yuan;Net operating income: 10038 yuan;The net property income is 2587 yuan;The net income transferred was 6151 yuan.The per capita disposable income of permanent residents in rural and pastoral areas was 26666 yuan, up 5.8% year on year.From the perspective of main income composition, wage income is 4308 yuan;Net operating income: 12057 yuan;The net property income is 1357 yuan;The net income transferred was 8944 yuan.[14]
In 2022, the per capita consumption expenditure of all residents in Alxa League will be 29444 yuan, down 0.8% year on year.By permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban permanent residents was 32014 yuan, down 0.4% year on year.The per capita consumption expenditure of permanent residents in rural and pastoral areas was 20175 yuan, down 2.5% year on year.The Engel coefficient of residents in the league is 25.4%, up 0.1 percentage point from 2021.Among them, the Engel coefficient of urban residents is 25.3%, and that of rural and pastoral residents is 25.7%, both of which are 0.1 percentage points higher than that of 2021.[14]
In 2023, the gross domestic product of Alxa League will be 40.493 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6% year on year at constant prices.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 2.547 billion yuan, up 5.7% year on year;The added value of the secondary industry was 25.228 billion yuan, up 4.5% year on year;The added value of the tertiary industry was 12.717 billion yuan, up 4.5% year on year.[27]
primary industry
In 2022, the total planting area of crops in Alxa League will be 65000 hectares, 17.6% less than that in 2021.Among them, the sown area of grain crops was 17252.5 hectares, up 3.1%;The sown area of cash crops was 47622.1 hectares, down 23.2%.The total grain output was 141870.3 tons, up 4.2% year on year;The oil production was 13106.3 tons, down 11.7%;The output of vegetables and edible fungi was 61321.2 tons, down 19.7%;The output of garden fruits was 4318.4 tons, up 28.6%;The output of melons and fruits was 116798.1 tons, down 8.8%.[14]
By the end of 2022, the total power of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery in Alxa League was 295600 kW, an increase of 0.5% over the same caliber in 2021;The comprehensive mechanization level of agricultural cultivation and income reached 88.79%.[14]
In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Alxa League will be 3.863 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 5.7%, of which the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery will increase by 5.9%, 6.0%, 5.4% and 2.0% respectively.The sown area of crops in the whole year totaled 511400 mu, including 267000 mu for grain crops and 244400 mu for cash crops.The vegetable planting area of the whole league was 22700 mu, up 46% year on year, and the output was 79800 tons, up 30.2% year on year.[27]
the secondary industry
In 2022, the total industrial added value of Alxa League will increase by 4.7% over 2021, of which the added value of industries above designated size will increase by 7.9%.In industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned enterprises dropped by 1.1% by economic type;The added value of joint-stock enterprises increased by 8.9%;The added value of enterprises invested by foreign businessmen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan dropped by 19.3%.By category, the mining industry increased by 12.4%, the manufacturing industry increased by 8%, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water decreased by 1.1%.In terms of light and heavy industries, light industry increased by 66%;Heavy industry grew 6.8%.In terms of the output of main products, the output of raw salt in the league reached 1.316 million tons, an increase of 25.8% over 2021;The amount of original iron ore reached 228000 tons, up 29.6%;The output of hydrochloric acid reached 110000 tons, an increase of 10%;The cement output reached 1.567 million tons, up 0.6%.[14]
In 2022, the operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size in Alxa League will increase by 0.1% over 2021;The total profit decreased by 56.8%.Loss of loss making enterprises increased by 158.1%.The operating income profit margin is 2.7%.The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size was 93.3%.[14]
In 2022, the added value of construction industry in Alxa League will increase by 4.8% compared with 2021.There are 41 construction enterprises within the qualification of the league, 4 more than that in 2021.The total output value of the construction industry was 1.91 billion yuan, down 0.6%.The contract value signed was 3.36 billion yuan, down 2.6%.Among them, the newly signed contract amount this year was 1.84 billion yuan, down 14.9%.The construction area of housing construction enterprises was 433000 square meters, down 30.6%;The completed housing area was 21000 square meters, down 86.7%.[14]
In 2023, the added value of industries above designated size in Alxa League will increase by 3.4% year on year, 0.9 percentage points faster than that from January to November.In terms of three categories, the added value of the mining industry increased by 1.9% year on year, the manufacturing industry increased by 4.2% year on year, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water increased by 1.4% year on year.In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises decreased by 7.7% year on year, joint-stock enterprises increased by 3.3% year on year, and foreign-invested enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested enterprises decreased by 4.3% year on year.In terms of major industries, the added value of coal mining and washing industry decreased by 3.9% year on year;The oil, coal and other fuel processing industry grew 10.3% year on year, the chemical raw material and chemical products manufacturing industry grew 4.6% year on year, and the power and heat production and supply industry grew 6.4% year on year.
the service sector; the tertiary industry
In 2022, the added value of wholesale, retail, accommodation and catering industry in Alxa League will be 2.37 billion yuan, down 7.6% from 2021.The added value of the transportation industry was 1.3 billion yuan, up 5.5%;The added value of the financial industry was 1.47 billion yuan, up 4.2%;The added value of the real estate industry was 370 million yuan, down 2.9%.The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size decreased by 13% compared with 2021.[14]
In 2022, the postal delivery business volume of Alxa League will be 9.942 million, up 5.1% year on year.Among them, the express business volume has completed 1.835 million pieces, up 12.6% year on year;The business volume of postal delivery service has totaled 8107000, up 3.5% year on year.Postal correspondence business completed a total of 19000 pieces, down 34.3% year on year;The parcel business completed a total of 900 pieces, a year-on-year decrease of 30.8%.[14]
In 2022, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Alxa League will be 5.24 billion yuan, down 1% from 2021.According to the type of consumption, the retail sales of goods reached 4.77 billion yuan, down 0.6%;Catering revenue was 470 million yuan, down 4.4%.The sales volume of wholesale commodities was 18.27 billion yuan, down 6.3%;The sales volume of retail commodities was 4.48 billion yuan, up 9.5%;The turnover of accommodation industry was 300 million yuan, down 18.1%;The turnover of catering industry was 550 million yuan, down 14.4%.Among the retail sales of commodities above the designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 23.5%, beverages by 8%, tobacco and alcohol by 10.6%, clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear and textiles by 33.9%, cosmetics by 10.7%, Chinese and western medicines by 6.3%, daily necessities by 23%, household appliances and audio equipment by 28.7%, and petroleum and products by 23.7%.[14]
In 2022, the real estate development investment of Alxa League will be 430 million yuan, down 66.7%.The sales area of commercial housing was 179000 square meters, down 27.7%;The sales volume of commercial housing was 720 million yuan, down 30.8% year on year.[14]
In 2022, the total import and export volume of customs of Alxa League will be 5.07 billion yuan (RMB), an increase of 103.8% over 2021, including 3.02 billion yuan of import, an increase of 89.6%, and 2.05 billion yuan of export, an increase of 128.8%.[14]
By the end of 2022, the balance of RMB deposits of financial institutions in Alxa League was 50.68 billion yuan, an increase of 9 billion yuan or 21.6% over the beginning of the year.Among them, the balance of household deposits was 30.26 billion yuan, an increase of 3.63 billion yuan over the beginning of the year;The deposit balance of non-financial enterprises was 10.34 billion yuan, an increase of 3.25 billion yuan over the beginning of the year.At the end of the year, the balance of RMB loans of financial institutions in the league was 41.79 billion yuan, an increase of 2.98 billion yuan or 7.7% over the beginning of the year.Of which, the balance of household loans was 10.52 billion yuan, an increase of 640 million yuan over the beginning of the year;The loan balance of enterprises (institutions) was 31.26 billion yuan, an increase of 2.34 billion yuan over the beginning of the year.[14]
By the end of 2022, there were 15 insurance institutions in Alxa League, achieving a total premium income of 1.29 billion yuan, a decrease of 83 million yuan over the same period of 2021, or 6.1% year-on-year.Of which, property insurance premium income was 510 million yuan, down 8.2% year on year;Life insurance premium income was 780 million yuan, down 4.7% year on year.The accumulated compensation and benefit payments were 460 million yuan, up 13.2% year on year, including 320 million yuan for property insurance business and 140 million yuan for life insurance business.[14]
In 2022, Alxa League will receive 3.3896 million domestic tourists, with a total domestic tourism revenue of 3.251 billion yuan.[14]
In 2023, in the traditional service industry of Alxa League, the added value of wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering will increase by 4.1% and 17.6% respectively year on year.By the end of November, 32 service enterprises above designated size in the league had achieved a total operating income of 1.45 billion yuan, up 5.4% year on year, and the growth rate was the same as that of last month.The operating income of nine major industries has "five rises and four falls".Among them, road transportation, postal service, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, public facilities management and sports increased by 12.2%, 4.4%, 5.0%, 14 times and 161.6% respectively year on year.[27]
Transportation
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overview
In 2022, the Alxa League will complete 45.924 million tons of cargo transportation, down 6.4% from 2021.The completed freight transport turnover is 8.22 billion ton kilometers, 4.5% lower than that in 2021.[14]
In 2022, the Alxa League will complete 79000 passenger transportation, 80.9% less than that in 2021.The completed passenger transport turnover is 95.77 billion person kilometers, down 83.1% from 2021.[14]
By the end of 2022, the number of motor vehicles in Alxa League was 105611, with a year-on-year growth of 3.68%;Among them, 631 cars were newly registered this year.At the end of the year, personal car ownership was 91021, up 4.11% year on year;The number of drivers was 132521, up 0.4% year on year.[14]
highway
By 2020, the total highway mileage of Alxa League will reach 10900 kilometers.According to the technical grade, there are 977 kilometers of expressways, 651 kilometers of Class I highways, 805 kilometers of Class II highways, 3928 kilometers of Class III highways, and 4610 kilometers of Class IV highways.According to the administrative level, there are 2595 kilometers of national roads, 2182 kilometers of provincial roads, 2170 kilometers of county roads, 1672 kilometers of township roads, and 2352 kilometers of village roads.The black road reaches 9214 kilometers, accounting for 84% of the total mileage of the league.The oil road rate of Sumu Town and Gacha Village in the whole league reached 100%.By the end of 2020, the total volume of cargo transportation will be 33.132 million tons and the total number of passengers will be 247000.[5]
Beijing Xinjiang ExpresswayIt passes through the northern border of Alxa League and crosses Alxa Left Banner, Alxa Right Banner and Ejina Banner, with a total length of 814 kilometers. It is the longest highway crossing desert and Gobi in the world.Bayan Yinchuan Expressway, with a total length of 69 kilometers, is a high-grade highway connecting Bayanhot Town, Alxa Left Banner, and Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The Wuhai Bayanhot first-class highway is 130 kilometers long in Alxa League, which is an important transportation channel in the two regions.All banners of the league have been connected by high-grade highways.[5]
Railway
By 2020, the railway operation mileage of the whole league will be 1691 kilometers.The total length of the railway from Wuhai West to Jilantai is 130 kilometers, and the length within the territory is 128 kilometers;The total length of Gantang Wuwei Railway is 172.2 kilometers, 58 kilometers in the territory, and 52 kilometers in the additional second line;Linhe Hami Railway has a total length of 1313 kilometers, 851 kilometers in the territory;The railway connecting line from Swan Lake West Station to Zeke Port is 71 kilometers long;The railway from Jiayuguan North to Ceke Port is 452.3 kilometers long, 344.9 kilometers long in the territory;Qingshui Saihan Taolai Railway is 331 kilometers long, 170 kilometers long in the territory;Saihan Taolai connecting Jiace line is 12.5 kilometers long, and Qinghua Logistics Center railway special line is 3.88 kilometers long.The railway network density of the whole league is 62.6 km/10000 square kilometers, the electrification rate is 6.5%, and the double track rate is 3.1%.[5]
aviation
In August 2012, the construction of the airports where the governments of Alxa Left Banner, Alxa Right Banner and Ejina Banner are located began at the same time.On December 17, 2013, the air traffic was officially opened to traffic, and the airfield indicators were all based on the 3C standard.
By the end of 2020, Alxa Sanqi Airport has guaranteed 40300 transport flights and 995000 passenger throughput, including 3871 transport flights and 121000 passenger throughput in 2020.It has successively opened and operated routes from Alxa Left Banner to Xi'an, Tianjin, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Zhongwei, Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, Alxa Right Banner, Ejina Banner and other cities.In 2020, the five routes operated involve six destinations in Xi'an, Tianjin, Hohhot, Baotou, Alxa Right Banner and Ejina Banner.[5]
By the end of 2022, there were 74 schools of all levels and types in Alxa League, with 9274 students enrolled, 38526 students enrolled and 9057 graduates graduated.There is one ordinary university, with 1095 students enrolled, 6442 students on campus and 1158 graduates.There are 2 secondary vocational education schools, with 417 students enrolled, 1356 students on campus and 384 graduates.There are 5 ordinary high schools, with 1282 students enrolled, 3773 students enrolled and 1296 graduates graduated.12 junior high schools, 1649 students, 5140 students, 1900 graduates.There are 19 primary schools, enrolling 2344 students, 13232 students and 1730 graduates.There are 34 kindergartens with 8517 children.There is one special education school with 66 students.The gross enrollment rate of the league in the first three years is 92.8%, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education is 90.57%, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school is 90.3%.[14]
Science and technology
In 2022, there will be 494 patents granted by Alxa League, an increase of 13.9% over the same period last year (including 16 invention patents, 466 utility models and 12 designs);There are 1235 valid patents, including 111 valid invention patents, 27 high-value patents and 1.03 high-value patents owned by 10000 people, up 35.0% year on year.[14]
In 2022, Alxa League will strive for a total of 26.011 million yuan of special funds for science and technology from the state and autonomous region.Among them, 16 million yuan was approved for 8 scientific research projects at all levels;Won 420000 yuan of special funds for scientific and technological personnel in the national "three zones" talent support plan;All kinds of innovation subjects have won various awards and subsidies of 9.591 million yuan, including awards and subsidies for scientific research funds of high-tech enterprises, subsidies after investment in enterprise research and development, subsidies after technology trading, and construction of science and technology special commissioner workstations and enterprise science and technology special commissioner workstations.At the same time, the special fund for science and technology in the league level financial budget was 12 million yuan, up 24.48% year on year.During the year, 69 registered technology contracts were identified, with a contract turnover of 378.735 million yuan and a technology turnover of 40.3194 million yuan.[14]
In 2022, Alxa League identified and filed 77 scientific and technological innovation platform carriers at all levels.Among them, there were 22 new high-tech enterprises, 23% year-on-year, and the number of high-tech enterprises increased to 43;29 technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises entered the stock market, 123% year on year;There is one newly recognized national torch characteristic industrial base, nine autonomous region level enterprise research and development centers, one new research and development organization, one international science and technology cooperation base, six enterprise science and technology envoy workstations, one popular science demonstration base, four league level enterprise research and development centers, and three agricultural and animal husbandry characteristic science and technology industrialization bases.[14]
Culture and sports
By the end of 2022, there are 4 art performance groups (undertakings) in Alxa League, including 4 Ulan Muqi;There are 4 cultural centers (including 1 League cultural center and 3 flag cultural centers), 4 public libraries and 5 registered museums.The comprehensive population coverage rate of radio is 99.51%, and that of television is 99.62%.There are 24000 cable TV users.[14]
In 2022, Alxa League athletes won 12 medals in four major sports, including 2 gold medals, 3 silver medals and 7 bronze medals.[14]
medical and health work
By the end of 2022, there were 337 medical and health institutions in Alxa League, including 18 hospitals and 305 grass-roots health institutions;12 professional public health institutions;2 other health institutions.The health institutions of the whole league have approved 1822 beds and 1490 beds.3227 employees are on duty, including 2566 health technicians.[14]
social security
By the end of 2022, a total of 1396 people from 917 households in the Alxa League will enjoy the minimum living security for urban residents, and 777 people from 466 households will enjoy the minimum living security for rural residents.[14]
At the end of 2022, 218970 people participated in basic medical insurance in Alxa League, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year.Among them, 109063 people participated in basic medical insurance for employees;112884 people participated in medical insurance for urban and rural residents.134790 people participated in the basic endowment insurance for urban employees, including 80009 people participated in the basic endowment insurance for enterprise employees, with fund income of 995.09 million yuan and expenditure of 1001.55 million yuan;18172 people participated in and paid for pension insurance of government agencies and institutions, with fund income of 542.98 million yuan and expenditure of 973.93 million yuan.51748 urban and rural residents participated in the endowment insurance. The accumulated endowment insurance premium collected in the year was 27669200 yuan, and the endowment insurance premium paid was 71.914 million yuan, with a per capita pension of 451 yuan.50712 people participated in unemployment insurance, up 4.1% year on year.69615 people participated in the industrial injury insurance, a total of 43.77 million yuan of industrial injury insurance premium was collected, and 48.52 million yuan of various benefits were paid for 578 injured workers.[14]
Historical culture
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Origin of place names
According to the Annals of the Alxa League, the word "Alxa" means "Helan Mountain", while "Alxa" means "colorful land" in Mongolian.[7]
cultural relics and historic sites
As of August 2021, Alxa League has investigated and found more than 1330 immovable cultural relics, including 990 ancient sites, 148 ancient tombs, 27 ancient buildings, 120 cave temples and stone carvings, and 43 important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times.Among them, there are 4 key cultural relics protection units nationwide, including Juyan Site (including Heicheng Site), Dingyuanying Ancient City, Mandela Mountain Rock Painting, Badain Jilin Temple, 22 key cultural relics protection units at the autonomous region level, and 220 key cultural relics protection units at the league level.There are more than 40000 pieces of cultural relics in the collection of state-owned museums at all levels in the league.[8]
Intangible cultural heritage
By 2021, there are 9 national intangible cultural heritage projects and 7 inheritors in Alxa League;56 autonomous region level intangible cultural heritage projects, 90 inheritors;113 league level intangible cultural heritage projects, 298 inheritors;There are 233 flag level intangible cultural heritage projects and 836 inheritors.[8]
In 2020, six intangible cultural heritage projects, including Alxa Roast Whole Sheep, Alxa Carpet Weaving Skills, Mongolian Chess, Shaliber Wrestling, Chama, and Mongolian Camel Raising Custom, will be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.[8]
famous scenery
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As of August 2021, there are 31 Grade A scenic spots in Alxa League, including 1 Grade 5A scenic spot, 12 Grade 4A scenic spots, 4 Grade 3A scenic spots and 14 Grade 2A scenic spots.[9]
