Zilong MountainIt is said that it was located by the riverZhao ZilongGuard and train soldiers here.The old street faces Jialing River and backsJigong Mountain(It is also called Drum Beating Hill. In another village not far away, it is called Drum Beating Terrace.) There are mountains and waters.Standing on Zilong Mountain and looking at Jigong Mountain across the river, it looks like a roosterCrown of headStanding upright, the green mountain makes him more beautiful.
Chinese name
Yangpingguan
Foreign name
Yang Pingguan
geographical position
Ningqiang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province[3]
Yangping Pass was called Yang'an Pass in the Three Kingdoms period, andGuyang Pingguan(Mianxian CountyWuhou TownLianhuashui Village) is about 70km away from each other.Northern Song DynastyYang'an Pass was renamed Yangping Pass.be locatedNingqiang County40 kilometers northwest of the county seat.It is close to Jigong Mountain in the south and Jialing River in the north. The terrain is extremely dangerous.Sichuan is accessible in the south, and Beitong is accessiblelueyang , west toLongnan, DongdaHanzhong。As far back as the Three Kingdoms period, it was an important military town. Now Baocheng Railway and Yang'an Railway meet here.
Yangping Pass was called Yang'an Pass in the Three Kingdoms Period, and it was the main gateway of northern Sichuan. It was the seat of Sanquan County in the Tang Dynasty, and rose in the Northern Song DynastySanquan CountybyDa'an Army, which is the Da'an Military Administration.Southern Song DynastyDa'an Military Administration was transferred to today's Ningqiang CountyDa'an Town，1935Red Fourth Front ArmySet hereYangping County, the county party committee and the countySoviet governmentThe station is an important town next to the county seatprovincial governmentstayHanzhong regionFirst establishedorganic town。stayHanzhong CityAfter the withdrawal of the district and the establishment of the town, Yangpingguan District was withdrawn and the town area was expanded, which was composed of the former Yangpingguan Town, Dachangou Township and Tangdu Township.
There are 9 industrial enterprises in the town,total output value57.57 million yuan, 280 private commercial service industries, 2400 people,
There are two markets focusing on agricultural and sideline local products and vegetable department stores,Daily turnover120000 yuan in the townCinema、a cultural stationOne place,mosqueOne, one middle school, two primary schools, one hospital and 12 medical centers;There are two railway stations in the town, one of which ispassenger stationThe first is the freight station. The large marshalling yard under construction makes Yangpingguan Town important as the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and SichuanRailway junctionThe position of the;Provincial Highway Lieyang (Jinba) Highway, Yangguang (Ping) Highway, Yangkang (GansuKang County）The road passes through the town, forming theHighway trunk networkTownship roads at all levels connect towns and villages, forming a smooth road inside and outsidetransportation network ；The water supply facilities in the town are complete, with a water station, daily water supply capacity of 1580 cubic meters, and pipeline length of 7 kilometers,Penetration rateMore than 96%;110kV substation has been built in the town, and power has been supplied to villages;There is one telecommunications branch office and one postal branch office in the town,Telephone penetration rate60%;A cable TV receiving station has been built, and the TV optical cable transmission network has been installed.In 1999, the financial revenue of the town was 3 million yuan,gross domestic product1。100 million yuan, urban economy has begun to take shape, and social service facilities have begun to take shape.In 1995, Yangpingguan Town was listed asShaanxiOne hundred comprehensive pilot towns of small towns in the province were rated as "Advanced Unit of Small Town Construction" by the Municipal Construction Commission in 1998.
Geographical significance
Yangpingguan Town is the throat connecting the southwest and northwest of China, and an important intersection of Shaanxi, Gansu and SichuanTransport hubAnd material distribution center, yesSouthern ShaanxiThe portal and one of the windows of Hanzhong City for external contact isNing QiangThe county is second only to the central town of the county. Its prosperity and development not onlyNingqiang CountyIt also has a strong radiation driving effect on a larger area.[1]
Maintenance in 1954Baoji Chengdu Railway, in today's Yangpingguan Town, NingqiangAncient brickNext discovery“Seal of Queen Mother of Shuuning King”Gold sealOne, extantChongqing Museum。Of that year《China Youth News》The report also points out that there are Han Dynasty relics on Zilong Mountain opposite Yangping Pass today.According to records, "King Shuuning" was in the early Eastern Han DynastyGongsun ShuThe title of Wei Xiao.Historical BiographyAccording to the records of Wei Xiao, he never entered Shu.This seal was probably left at Yangping Pass when Wei Xiao was defeated and Wang Yuan went to Sichuan for help.It was found in today's Yangpingguan Town, indicating that this place had become a settlement in the Han Dynasty.And its traffic must rely onJialing Road。
ShuhanThere is Yang'an Pass, 70 kilometers southwest of Yangping Pass in the Han Dynasty, which is now the northwest of Ningqiang.The Song Dynasty changed Yang'an Pass into Yangping Pass, and Yangping Pass since then refers to this pass.
Yangping Pass is located in the northwest of Ningqiang County, surrounded by Qin and BaWanshanCongzhong is an important transportation hub and military fortress of Qin and Shu in ancient and modern times.Yangping Pass was called Yang'an Pass or Guancheng in the Three Kingdoms Period.It is connected to Yinping in the west and controlled Hanmian in the east. It is an important gateway to the north of Shuhan.
Historic Ancient Pass
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geographical position
Guyang Pingguan, also known as White Horse City and Jingkou City, was built in the Western Han Dynasty and located in today's Shaanxi ProvinceMianxian CountyLianshui Village, Wuhou Town.BeiyiQinling MountainsIt faces Han River and Bashan Mountain in the south, and faces Zhanglu City on Zoumaling across the Xianhe River in the westBashuJinniu Daokou and Qinlong in the northChen Canglevel crossing.[2]South and North of Han RiverDingjun Mountain、Tiandang MountainThey are like horns to each otherHanzhong BasinIt is also the gateway to BashuGuanzhongThe northern frontier of,geographical positionVery dangerous.Advance can be attacked, retreat can be defended。According to the Southern Han Dynasty Annals by Zhang Hui of Jin Dynasty, "Shu has three passes: Yangping, Jiangguan, Baishui..."《Sui Shu》geography sectionThe military affairs of Guyang Pingguanstrategic roleMore detailed description: "The west controls Sichuan, the north connects Qinlong, and later followsJingshanIn the front stands the army and the pen, in the right stands the white horse and the golden bull, in the left is the cloud and fog, and in the left is the hundred zhang. The Han, black, and ember water flaps are all wrapped in it, which is extremely popularextremelyInsurance.If Shu wins, it can overthrow the enemy and respect the royal family;It can nibble Yong and Liang, and expand the land;I can stick to the key points for a long time. "As a result, Guyangping Pass has been regarded as the "throat of Sichuan" and the "gateway of Hanzhong" since ancient times, which makes people sigh that "Hanzhong is as dangerous as Yangping"!
Just because Yangping Pass has its special geographical location, heroes and historical giants of all ages have performed majestic history here or in the form of literary skills and military strategies or fighting against enemiesA live play。Especially in the Three Kingdoms period, the battle between the emperors and generals of Shu and Wei exhausted their strategies, which made Guyang Pass famous all over the world.
Famous Battles
In the last years of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty,YizhoumuLiu YanConspiracy to separate Bashu, sending Zhang Lu as the governor of justice, to attack Hanzhong.Zhang Lu led his troops northward from Chengdu and walked along the Sword Pavilion Plank PathHundred Prison Pass, ArrivalMianyang(now Mianxian County).First, open the gap from Yangping Pass, and build the fortress at Zoumaling on the west side.Later, he crossed the Mianshui River (today's Hanjiang River) to the south, occupied Dingjun Mountain, seized Tiandang Mountain to the north, and killed Hanzhong Prefecture ChiefSu Gu, thus occupying the whole Hanzhong and ruling Hanzhong for more than 20 years.
In the 20th year of Jian'an (215 A.D.),Cao CaoLead 100000 troops to captureHuixian County、Fengxian CountyLater, they began to march into Hanzhong and attack Yangping Pass.Zhang Lu ordered his guard generalZhang Wei、Yang Ang、Yang RenThey built a stronghold against the mountain.Cao BingUnable to attack for a long time, we had to retreat by fraud, so that the Yangping Pass defenders could relax their guard.Later, Cao Bing took the opportunity to capture Yangping Pass, Zhang Lu's garrison was in chaos, Yang Ang died in battle, Zhang Wei and Yang Ren fled back to Nanzheng, and Zhang Lu fled to SichuanBazhong。After seizing Hanzhong, Cao Cao stayedXia Houyuan、Zhang HeAfter guarding Hanzhong, he led the main force back to the north because he was afraid of being unstable.
In the 23rd year of Jian'an (218 AD),Liu BeiHe led the generals into Hanzhong and was stopped by Zhang He in the deep mountains and canyons upstream of the Han River outside Yangping Pass. They faced each other for more than a year. Liu Bei failed to enter the Hanzhong Basin.
In the 24th year of Jian'an (219 AD), Liu Bei sent troops to attack Zhang He's camp in Zoumaling, crossed the Han River south, and seized it by sneaking attack at night along the mountain pathMilitary strongholdDingjun Mountain, and killed Xiahou Yuan.When Zhang He heard that Xiahou Yuan was defeated, he retreated to Yangping Pass.Later, Cao Cao increased his troops to fight Liu Bei at Yangping Pass, but Liu Bei could not defend.Cao's army was defeated and retreated from the pass because of poor rations and heavy casualties.Since then, Hanzhong has been under the jurisdiction of Liu Bei.
In the fifth year of Jianxing (A.D. 227),Zhuge LiangThe Northern Expedition, led by all major forcesJuntunThe army was stationed in Mianyang for eight years.During these eight years, Zhuge Liang has always regarded Yangping Pass as his stronghold where he can attack and retreat to defend.Four of the six expeditions out of the Qishan Mountains were made along the Chencang Ancient Road from Yangping Pass.When he retreats, he recuperates here and teaches soldiersPractising martial arts。Today, there are still someZhuge Liang's reading deskRuins.
Mongolian Song Battlefield
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Eight Years of Wokuotai Khan in Mongolia (Song DynastyFlatSeptember, 1236)Mongolian Song WarBattle of Wokuotai Attacking Song DynastyIn China, the Mongolian army met the Southern Song Dynasty at Yangping Pass (northwest of Ningqiang County today)Cao YouwenCao Youwen's army died in battle due to the army's stubborn resistance.
In September of the eighth year of Wokuotai Khan, the broad end led MongoliaXixia, Jurchen, HuihuiTubo, the Bohai Sea and other national military trumpets were called more than 500000, and divided their forces to attack Song Sichuan again and Chengdu together.One is led by Zong Wang MogeDangchang(now Gansu)Stage State(Gansu todaywudu ）Wait for cities, and move towards Chengdu.One route is led by the broad endGreat Sanguan(Today's ShaanxiBaojiSouthwest), captureWuxiu Pass(now southeast of Liuba, Shaanxi), defeatDutongLi XianzhongArmy, occupationXingyuan(TodayHanzhong, Shaanxi)。Another army attacked Da'an Army (now Beida'an Town, Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province).Sichuan Manufacturing CommissionerZhao YanNah, see what's going on, keep it tightXianren Pass(now southeast of Huixian County, Gansu Province).LizhouAll controlCao Youwen retreated to Da'an.Cao Youwen thought that Da'an was flat, which was good for cavalry to attack and was not good for infantry defense. He suggested that the Xianrenguan dangerous area should still be strangled to threaten the rear of the Mongolian army, so that it would not dare to drive into Sichuan.Zhao YannaIf you don't accept, seven tokens will be issued one day to force Cao Youwen to turn to Da'an.On September 9, Cao Youwen retired to Da'an.On the 16th, Cao Youwen discussed with the public that Da'an had no danger to defend, only Jiguan Mountain could defend, but there was no food and no water. If you could hold on for five days, there would be a turning point.The generals thought that they could hold out for more than five days, so they sent their younger brother, Cao Wan, the general in charge of the Sichuan government, to lead 10000 troops to the Jiguan Pass (today's Jiguan Mountain, Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang County) to defend;He led thousands of elite soldiers to ambush him. If the Mongolian army attacked Yangping Pass, it would break its front first and pretend to be defeated into the fort. Cao Youwen took the opportunity to pound its back. Two drums sounded like trumpets, and the sound came out, hitting inside and outside;In addition, there is no flag in the city gate of Pingguan in Kaiyang, no smoke from cooking, and no sound from chickens and dogs.On the 21st, Cao Youwen selected 7700 elite soldiers to march 300 li upstream from Da'an to Liuxi and Heishui to ambush in the valley.On the 22nd, the Mongolian army arrived in batches, Cao YouwanLiu XiaoAll the soldiers fought outside the Shanhaiguan Pass, and the Mongolian army was defeated since the Chenzhan Battle;At dusk, Cao Youwan and other soldiers gathered to enter the Jiguan Pass Castle, and the Mongolian army surrounded the castle several times.On the 27th, Cao Youwen found out that the Mongol army had plundered Da'an. He ordered all the troops to dress up and march towards the Yangping PassInside and behindThe torrential rain was pouring in, and it was difficult to walk at night. The troops were tired. The general Lv Sizong suggested that we should stay until dawn. Cao Youwen thought that Jiguan Aipu had been going on for five days, but now it has been eight days. Once the city was broken, there would be nothing to do, so he ordered the army to move on;Go to Shuiniuling, enter the Mongolian army camp by three routes, and fight until dawn. Break through dozens of battalions, and go straight to Yangping Pass.Cao Wan and other generals of Jiguan Pass Castle led the army out of the castle to attack when they heard the sound of drums.On the 28th, we moved toHuihui Stronghold, wide end wants to go, timeWang ShixianArrive at peace and lead the armyCome to a meetingKuo Duan divided cavalry into one hundred and ten teams to march towards the Song army in turn;After a long battle, the Song army killed more than half of the Mongol army, but the battle effectiveness was greatly reduced because of the outnumbered. In the process of breaking through, Cao Youwen got off his horse when he heard about the attackFoot warfareAnd die.Cao Youwan has only 500 people left in the castle.On the 29th, Cao Youwan, Liu Xiaoquan and others saw that Zhao Yanna did not send reinforcements, and there was no food in the city. Instead, they led the army to break through the siege and fought to Longmen (today's Longmen Cave near Yangping Pass), where they were all killed.
The remnants of the city walls, ancient monuments and deep and wide trenches on the site of Pingguan in Guyang still seem to tell people tragic stories.
cultural heritage
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Of course, history has become a distant memory. People can comment on the victory or defeat of ancient wars.However, it is an indisputable fact that Guyang Pingguan is famous for the war.In Qin, Hanthree countriesIn the long years since then, Guyang Pingguan has experienced the changes of the times and the baptism of many warsmilitary strategySuch values are still very important.untilCold weapon eraend,Modern WarfareAfter its rise, its military position was gradually replaced by the development of economy and culture.
The People's Government of Mianxian County, in order to make this historic pass resplendent again, make it a tourist economy and cultural relics protection promotionCultural developmentThe new landscape of the ancient city of Pingguan decides to gradually carry out restorative construction of the ancient city wall site of Pingguan, which has far-reaching significance.It is believed that in the near future, Guyangping will be presented to people with a new lookroads connecting Sichuan with the outsideThere will be a landscape on it.
