Waterproof layer: material layer set to prevent indoor water, other water or groundwater from entering the roof, penetrating into walls, basements and underground structures, and penetrating into floors and walls.
The requirements for an ideal waterproof layer can be simply summarized as impermeable after construction and impermeable within the design life, and it is economical.This requires that the waterproof layer not only maintain good integrity, but also have a certain ability to resist external damage.
The National Code for Construction of Residential Decoration Engineering clearly points out that the waterproof layer should extend from the ground to the wall, 100 mm higher than the ground;The waterproof layer of the bathroom wall shall not be less than 1800mm.Closed water test must be carried out:sewerAfter blocking, a 250mm high "sill" shall be built at the door, and 200mm high water shall be poured in. After 24 to 72 hours, the tiles can be pasted after confirming no leakage.
In addition, the conventional construction sequence is: backfilling, levelingwaterproofWater closing test and tiling.
Waterproof coating
Base surface requirements: clean, otherwise it is easy to lose due to puncture during constructionwaterproofeffect;The water content shall not be greater than 9%, otherwise the "two skins" phenomenon of separation between the base surface and the waterproof layer will be formed.In Chongqing, the humidity is high all the year round, and the construction sequence of the toilet is backfilling, mortar leveling, waterproof, and tiling. The workers will carry out waterproof construction after the mortar layer has solidified, which can not reachCoating constructionThe water content of the base surface shall not be greater than 9%, and the waterproof effect of the material will be discounted even if it is good.
Waterproof layer setting and standard construction method: it must be painted for 2 to 3 times, otherwise glass fiber cloth should be added, and the thickness of the cured material painted for each time should not be less than 1mm, and the next construction should be carried out after it is completely dry (about 5-8 hours).After paintingCoating waterproof layerA mortar protective layer shall be made on the surface, and the tiles shall be pasted at last.
Base surface requirements: clean up the sundriesthe base levelConstruction and mixingcement mortarThe waterproof construction shall be carried out with the same material as the mortar leveling layer, and the waterproof layer shall have a high degree of combination with the base surface.
Waterproof layer setting and standard construction method: no need to use other methodsWaterproof materialWhen used together, use waterproof agent to mix cement sand and construct according to the following methods, which can exceed the durability of the national first-class waterproof layer.
Sprinkle water to make the base surface wet, but no ponding is allowed.
Wall: the total thickness of waterproof layer (waterproof plain mortar+waterproof mortar) shall not be less than 10mm, and the height shall not be less than 1800mm.First, use waterproof agent and cement (1:3) to mix into waterproof plain mortar and paint it once or twice, with a total thickness of 2mm;After the surface of waterproof plain mortar dries for 20 minutes, mix it with waterproof agent, cement and sand (1:2:6)Waterproof mortarPlaster on the base surface with a thickness of 8mm;24 hoursWaterproof mortarAfter the layer is solidified, spray water for curing or paste ceramic tiles.
Ground: the total thickness of waterproof layer (waterproof plain mortar+waterproof mortar) shall not be less than 20mm.First, use waterproof agent and cement (1:3) to mix it into waterproof plain mortar and paint it once or twice, with a total thickness of 2mm. The root of floor drain, casing and sanitary ware is the key waterproof part, which should be made into an "r" angle;After the surface of waterproof plain mortar dries for 20 minutes, mix it with waterproof agent, cement and sand (1:2:6)Waterproof mortarPlaster on the base surface, with a thickness of 18 mm, which shall be leveled and compacted;After the 24h waterproof mortar layer is solidified, the water shutoff test shall be conducted first, and then the tiles shall be pasted.
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For the roof of precast slab or cast-in-place structure, Jiacheng shall carry out waterproof construction with "rigid flexible combination" (rigid material and flexible material) according to relevant national specifications.
The requirements for an ideal waterproof layer can be simply summarized as impermeable after construction and impermeable within the design life, and it is economical.This requires that the waterproof layer not only maintain good integrity, but also have a certain ability to resist external damage.[1]
Basic Requirements
The base surface is cleaned, the moisture content is not more than 9%, flat and dense, and the end caps of all nodes are neat and complete, meeting the requirements.
First
(1) The flexible waterproof layer can be laid with coating or coiled material.The construction conditions require that the water content of the base surface is not more than 9%, so it is suitable for construction in summer after the hot weather and five consecutive sunny days.After completion, water storage test shall be conducted.
(2) In case of waterproof coating, take "one cloth and two coats" as an example: after cleaning the base course, fully brush the coating, dry the film and lay a layer of glass fiber clothMatrix reinforcement, and apply a layer of paint on the flattened surface for fixation, and conduct the next layer after dryingCoating construction。The total thickness of waterproof film shall be more than 3mm.
(3) , such asWaterproof rollAfter the base course is cleanedthe basic levelApply adhesive, stick and roll from far to near according to the snapped reference line, and finally check the seam closure.
The second way
layRigid waterproof layerThe construction shall be carried out about two days after the completion of the first flexible waterproof layer, mainly toHigher fatty acidsclassMortar waterproof agentCement, sand, fine aggregate and fiber are basic materials, and the thickness of waterproof layer should be 20-30mm.
1. Install dividing battens according to the specification requirements, and the dividing battens are set at 4000mm × 4000mm.Then spray water to make the base surface wet, but no ponding is allowed.
2. The prepared mortar orFine aggregate concreteCarry out grid construction one by one, complete the same grid at one time, trowel and compact.
3. After initial setting, take out the dividing batten, press polish and trim the dividing joint.
4. Adopt flexibilitysealing material Fill the division joint and handle the surface closure.Pay attention to watering and curing after construction.
5. If there is planting soil on the roof, it shall be covered with planting soil as soon as possible.
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New basement, reservoir and retaining wall can be built outside before backfilling（Upstream surface）Pave onceWaterproof rollOr brushingWaterproof coatingHowever, the completed basements, reservoirs and newly-built tunnels can only be waterproof on the back surface, which is always wet, difficult to dry and poor in ventilation conditionsWaterproof materialIt is necessary to select those that can be constructed on a wet base surface and are non-toxic, tasteless and pollution-free to ensure the safety of construction personnel and the environmental protection after construction.Because it is easy to select materials and construct waterproof on the upstream surface, and considering that the forum is mostly composed of decoration companies and owners, it is more likely to encounter waterproof on the downstream surface, so the waterproof construction on the downstream surface is mainly introduced:
Flexible materials (waterproof coiled materials or coatings) shall not be used for construction.Because the waterproof layer of this kind of material does not have a high degree of bonding with the mortar base surface, and the impermeable pressure that can be borne on the back surface is low, the waterproof layer is easy to bulge and fall off, and it is difficult to play a waterproof role, and the construction environment and coating have a volatile pungent smell, which also affects the health and safety of workers.
Should be usedHigher fatty acidsclassMortar waterproof agentIt can not only ensure safe construction, but also achieve the effect of waterproof on the back surface.
The construction method is roughly the same, but the waterproof layer must also be set according to its actual environment and conditions (construction times, thickness of each time, etc.). Take the basement as an example:
1. Sprinkle water to make the base surface wet, but no ponding is allowed.
2. Wall: the total thickness of waterproof layer (waterproof plain mortar+waterproof mortar) shall not be less than 20mm.First, use waterproof agent and cement to mix into waterproof plain mortar and paint it once or twice, with a total thickness of 2mm;After the surface of waterproof plain mortar is dry for 20 minutes, waterproof mortar is mixed with waterproof agent, cement and sand to form waterproof mortar and plastered on the base surface in two times. The first time is 8mm thick, and after initial setting, the second time is 10mm thick.After the 24h waterproof mortar layer is solidified, spray water for curing.
3. Ground: the total thickness of waterproof layer (waterproof plain mortar+waterproof mortar) shall not be less than 20mm.The construction process is the same as that of the wall. The waterproof mortar can be plastered only once with a thickness of 18 mm. It should be leveled and compacted.After the 24h waterproof mortar layer is solidified, spray water for curing.
Relevant knowledge
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1. Service life of waterproof layer: refers to the period when the roof waterproof layer can meet the normal use requirements.[1]
2. One waterproof layer: a waterproof layer with independent waterproof capability.
threeAsphalt waterproof roll: Dip asphalt with base paper, fiber fabric, fiber felt and other matrix materials, and spread powdery, granular or sheet materials on the surface to make curly sheetsWaterproof material。
fourHigh polymer modified asphalt waterproof coiled material: synthetic high molecular polymer modified asphalt is used as coating layer, and fiber fabric or fiber felt is used as matrix, powder, granular, sheet orFilm materialThe cover material is made into a curly sheet waterproof material.
fivehigh polymer waterproof sheet : synthetic rubbersynthetic resinOr their blends as the base material, add appropriate chemical additives and fillers, etc., and process them through different processes to form curly sheet waterproof materials, or composite the above materials with synthetic fibers to form two or more layers of curly sheet waterproof materials.
6. Cold ma king grease: cold asphalt cementing material prepared from petroleum asphalt, filler, solvent, etc.
7. Base treatment agent: to strengthenWaterproof materialThe adhesive force with the base course shall be coated on the base course in advance before the construction of the waterproof layer.
8. Dividing joint: in order to reduce cracksRigid waterproof layerThe seam reserved in advance on the rigid protective layer.The rigid protective layer only makes V-shaped groove on the surface, which is called surface dividing joint.
9. Full adhesion method (full adhesion method): when paving waterproof materials, the construction method of full adhesion shall be adopted between coiled materials and base course.
10. Empty paving method: pavingWaterproof rollThe coiled material and the base course are only bonded within a certain width around, and the rest are not bonded.
11. Strip pasting method: pavingWaterproof rollThe construction method of strip bonding is adopted for coiled material and base course.The bonding surface between each sheet of coiled material and the base course shall not be less than two, and the width of each sheet shall not be less than 150mm.
12. Spot bonding method: when paving waterproof coiled materials, the coiled materials or perforated coiled materials and the base course adopt the construction method of spot bonding.No less than 5 points shall be bonded per square meter, and the area of each point is 100 mm × 100 mm.
13. Hot melt method: the flame heater is used to melt the hot-melt adhesive at the bottom of the hot-melt waterproof coiled material for bonding.
14. Cold bonding method (cold construction): adhesive or cold mahogany grease is used to bond the coiled material with the base layer and coiled material without heating construction.15. Self adhesive method: waterproof coiled material with self-adhesive adhesive is used for bonding without hot construction or coating of bonding material.
16. Hot air welding method: hot air welding gun is used for other and overlapping bonding of waterproof coiled materials.
seventeenAsphalt based waterproof coating: Water emulsion or solvent based waterproof coating prepared with asphalt as the base material.
twentyMatrix reinforcement: means atmembrane waterproof Chemical fiber non-woven fabric, glass fiber mesh and other materials used for reinforcement in the layer.
21. Modified asphalt sealing material: use asphalt as the base material and appropriate synthesisPolymerPaste sealing material prepared by modifying, adding filler and other chemical additives.
22. Synthetic polymer sealing material:Synthetic polymer materialsMainly, it is a paste sealing material made by adding appropriate amount of chemical additives, fillers and colorants through specific production processes.
23. Joint displacement: in the roof system, the joint gap changes due to temperature and external force.
24. Tension compression cyclicity: reflectionsealing material In the process of use, the ability to maintain sealing after undergoing periodic tension and compression cycles due to joint displacement caused by temperature changes.
25. Backing material: in order to control the insertion depth of sealing material and prevent the sealing material from bonding with the joint bottom, deformable materials are set between the joint bottom and the sealing material.
26. Rigid waterproof layer of block: waterproof cement mortar infiltrated with waterproof agent is used as the bottom waterproof layer, clay bricks and other fast materials are paved in the middle, and then waterproof cement mortar is used to fill joints and plaster the waterproof surface.
27. Overhead insulated roof: a thin product made of sintered clay or concrete, which is covered on the waterproof layer of the roof and set up a space of a certain height, and uses air flow to accelerate heat dissipation and play the role of heat insulation.
28. Water storage roof: a roof with a certain height of water stored on the waterproof layer of the roof for heat insulation.
29. Planted roof: the roof is covered with soil or laid with loose materials such as sawdust and vermiculite on the waterproof layer of the roof, and planted with plants for heat insulation.
thirty-oneProfiled steel plate: toGalvanized steel plateIt is a light roof material made of base material, rolled by forming machine, and coated with various anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion coatings and color baking paint.
