Protective clothing worn to protect oneself from dangerous chemicals or corrosive substances
Anti gas clothing is the protective clothing worn by firefighters to protect themselves from dangerous chemicals or corrosive substances when carrying out fire fighting and emergency rescue at the fire site and accident site with dangerous chemicals and corrosive substances.
- Chinese name
- Antivirus clothing
- Foreign name
- Antivirus
- Category
- Protective clothing
- Classification
- Separable gas protective clothing and breathable gas protective clothing
It is mainly made of airtight materials and is mainly used in severely contaminated areas. According to the air tightness of the materials used, they can be divided into two categories: isolation type and partially breathable type. ① Insulated anti-virus clothing. Air tight anti-virus clothing made of airtight materials. The materials suitable for making the insulation type anti-virus clothing are polymer films or composite polymer materials. For example, butyl tape, chlorinated butyl tape, brominated butyl tape and PVC film can be used to make the insulation type anti-virus clothing. The isolation type anti-virus clothing can completely isolate the human body from the environment and has good anti-virus performance, which can block the penetration of liquid drop poison and the diffusion of vapor poison, and can isolate the penetration of biological warfare agents and radioactive dust, depending on the airtightness of the material itself, good anti permeability, as well as the structural airtightness of the anti-virus clothing itself and the correct wearing of personnel. Some insulation type anti-virus clothing also has the function of flame retardancy, which is called insulation type flame retardant anti-virus clothing. Containing halogen in the molecular chain polyvinyl chloride 、 Chlorinated butyl rubber , which can be used as raw materials for production. When they are decomposed in case of fire, they emit incombustible gases to block the contact between oxygen and materials, so as to achieve the purpose of extinguishing fire; Flame retardant can also be added to the ingredients of polymer materials to prevent and slow down the burning of materials. The insulation type anti-virus clothing also has the characteristics of aging resistance, acid and alkali resistance, washing resistance, etc. The characteristics of the materials of the insulation type gas protective clothing also block the passage of air and water vapor, which makes it difficult for the human body to dissipate heat and sweat. It cannot be worn for a long time, and there is a problem of poor wearing comfort. As the temperature rises, the anti-virus time drops sharply, so it can be used below the ambient temperature of 25 ℃. The allowable wearing time is specified. If the gas barrier clothing is used in a climate above 30 ℃, it shall not exceed 15-20 minutes, otherwise poisoning and heatstroke may occur. The cooling method and ventilation method can reduce the temperature and dissipate heat. ② part Breathable anti-virus clothing 。 The main body is made of airtight material and the local part is made of breathable material. On the basis of the isolated anti-virus clothing, it has made local changes. It opens at the armpit, crotch and other parts, and uses breathable and anti-virus materials to replace the isolation materials. The breathable and moisture permeability of the breathable and anti-virus materials make the anti-virus clothing have a certain function of perspiration and heat dissipation, while retaining the good anti-virus performance of the isolation materials. Compared with isolated anti-virus clothing, it can reduce the physiological impact on personnel to a certain extent, but the effect is not particularly significant. There are mainly two kinds of breathable and anti-virus materials used in some breathable anti-virus clothing: one is breathable material containing activated carbon; The other is polymer film with moisture permeability function, such as carbon cloth sprayed with activated carbon powder, expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene film, etc. Some breathable anti-virus clothes are mainly used for special occasions. Antivirus clothing usually has two types of structure: split type (two-part type) and one-piece type. The conjoined style is more common. The split type gas protective clothing is usually composed of a jacket with a cap and trousers with boot covers or a jacket with a cap, trousers and gas protective boots. The head cover, coat, trousers and boot cover of the one-piece anti-virus clothing are integrated. Generally, there are two types: fully sealed and unsealed. Fully sealed gas protective clothing is also called heavy gas protective clothing. The head cover is generally equipped with an eye window and covers the face. The head cover forms a sealed connection with the jacket. It is generally equipped with a built-in respirator or an external respirator. The wearing and taking off parts of the anti-virus clothing are sealed with a gas tight zipper. The positive pressure formed in the anti-virus clothing can ensure gas tightness. The head cover of the non sealed gas protective clothing is opened at the face position. The head cover is a non closed one-piece gas protective clothing and a split type gas protective clothing, which usually need to be used together with the gas mask and gas gloves. Only under the premise of ensuring the air tightness of each interface can the whole body skin be effectively protected. the First World War During this period, chemical weapons were used on a large scale for the first time, and their remarkable killing effects attracted great attention from all countries, and personal protective equipment was produced accordingly. On July 12, 1917, in Ypres, Belgium, the German army used mustard gas for the first time against the British and French allied forces. Mustard gas can cause poisoning through respiratory tract and skin. Therefore, in addition to using gas masks to protect facial skin and respirators, skin protection equipment has also been studied. At the end of the First World War, anti gas clothing made of impermeable oilcloth first appeared, but this kind of anti gas clothing material is too hard and sticky to work. In order to find a skin anti-virus material suitable for wide application in the army, an anti-virus ointment was developed and applied on human skin to achieve the purpose of anti-virus, but it is only suitable for vapor Erosive poison It has a certain defensive effect and is not widely used. With the development of chemical synthesis industry synthetic rubber And polymers. In the 1940s and 1950s, the first tarpaulin anti-virus clothing Natural rubber Antivirus clothing. With further development, anti-virus clothing is mainly made of light butyl rubber And modified butyl rubber. With the increasing complexity of the battlefield environment, the requirements of flame retardancy and fire prevention are put forward for the anti-virus clothing, and then the isolated flame retardant anti-virus clothing appears. Since the 1960s to 1970s, in order to solve the problem of cooling and heat dissipation of anti-virus clothing and improve its physiological performance, a lot of research has been carried out, including the emergence of cooling vests and cooling clothes with good cooling and heat dissipation effect, and the development of anti-virus clothing with filter ventilation device or positive pressure ventilation and heat dissipation on the anti-virus clothing and the partial use of breathable materials on the impermeable materials, At the same time, anti-virus clothing with better physiological performance appeared. In order to meet the operational requirements, continue to improve and improve the physiological performance of the anti-virus clothing, extend the wearing time limit, develop the anti-virus clothing with small size, light weight, simple structure, low energy consumption, low cost, and cooling and heat dissipation system is the future development trend, and also an effective means to fundamentally solve the poor wearing comfort of the anti-virus clothing. At the same time, continue to look for those with good anti-virus performance, high mechanical strength, softness and portability, good flame retardancy, and easy cleaning Multifunctional composite materials It is the development direction of anti-virus clothing materials. In a word, with the development of new materials, new technologies and new processes, anti-virus clothing will develop in the direction of diversified functions, comfort and portability. Publisher: China Military Encyclopedia Editorial Office [1]
