Indocalamus latifolia（Indocalamus latifolius(Keng) McClure) is a perennial shrubby bamboo of Indocalamus in Gramineae,[6]The culm is one meter high;There are yellowish silty trichomes under nodes, and colored prickles outside culm sheaths;Sheath tongue cut flat;Leaves small, strip shaped lanceolate;Leaf blade is large, oblong, with coarse hairs near the base below;Racemes have 4-5 spikelets, purple;Caryopsis is large and plump, red brown when ripe;Shooting period in May;The flowering and fruiting period is from January to August.[6-7]
Indocalamus latifolia is distributed in South China and Southwest China, and grows in valleys, barren slopes or under forests.Broad leaved Indocalamus prefers a sunny, warm and humid environment. It is relatively cold and drought resistant, and half shade tolerant. It does not choose soil and can grow normally in slightly saline alkali soil.Broad leaved Indocalamus is propagated by ramet or bamboo whip.[7]
The broad leaved Indocalamus latifolia grows densely in clumps, with big green leaves and elegant posture. It is often planted under sparse forests, forest edges, slopes, and roadside for greening and viewing. It can also be planted on riverside revetments or large areas of ground cover to protect slopes and consolidate soil.[7]The broad leaved Ruo bamboo pole is small in diameter, but straight and nearly solid, suitable for use as a whip pole, brush pole and chopsticks.Broad leaved Indocalamus leaves are broad and moisture resistant, which can be used as the cushion of rainproof bamboo hats and materials for wrapping dumplings.[6]
The pole can reach 2m in height and 0.5-1.5cm in diameter;The internode is 5-22 cm long, with tiny hairs, especially below the node;Culm ring slightly higher, sheath ring flat;Each section of the pole has one branch, but the upper part of the pole can be divided into 2 or 3 branches. The branches are upright or slightly lifted.The sheath is hard papery or papery, the lower culm sheath holds the pole tightly, while the upper culm sheath holds the pole loosely, and the back often has brown verrucous base prickles or white pubescence, and the hair is easy to fall off later, with brown cilia on the edge;The sheath ear is absent or sparse or inconspicuous, sparsely with coarse short fringe hairs;The sheath tongue is truncate, 0.5-2 mm high, and the apex is glabrous or sometimes with short fringe hairs and is fimbriate;Sheath segments erect, linear or narrowly lanceolate.leaf sheathGlabrous, apex sparsely with tiny hairs,qualityThick, hard, without cilia on the edge;Ligule truncate, 1-3 mm high, apex glabrous or sparsely fringed;Auricle absent;The leaf blade is oblong lanceolate, the apex is gradually pointed, 10-45cm long, 2-9cm wide, the lower surface is grayish white or grayish green, with more or less hairs, 6-13 pairs of secondary veins, obvious small transverse veins, forming a near square shape, and the leaf edge has small prickles.[8]
The panicle is 6-20cm long, and its base is wrapped by leaf sheaths. The inflorescence branches rise or stand upright, as the main axis of the inflorescence is densely covered with micro hairs;Spikelets are usually purple, almost cylindrical, 2.5-7cm long, containing 5-9 florets;Rachilla internodes 4-9 mm long, densely white pilose;Glumes are usually thin, micro hairy or glabrous, but the upper part and edge are covered with hairs. The first glume is 5-10 mm long, with inconspicuous 5-7 veins, and the second glume is 8-13 mm long, with 7-9 veins;The apex of the lemma is gradually pointed and awn shaped, with 11-13 veins. The small transverse veins between veins are obvious, with micro hairs or nearly glabrous. The first lemma is 13-15 mm long, and the base plate is densely covered with white hairs about 1 mm long;Palea 5-10 mm long, with small hairs attached between ridges, and small cilia near the top;The integument is about 2-3 mm long;Anthers purple or yellowish purple, 4-6 mm long;Stigma 2,FeatherShape.fruitNone.The shoot period is from April to May.[1]
It is distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and other provinces in China.Growing onhillside, valleys and sparse forests.[1]Broad leaved Indocalamus prefers a sunny, warm and humid environment. It is relatively cold and drought resistant, and half shade tolerant. It does not choose soil and can grow normally in slightly saline alkali soil.[7]
Reproductive methods
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Broad leaved Indocalamus is propagated by branch or bamboo whip.[7]
Ramet
When planting mother bamboos with whips, it is necessary to dig deep holes, plant bamboo shallowly, do not hold tightly, and loosen the cover.The root disc surface of the mother bamboo is 3-5 cm lower than the planting hole surface.First, the topsoil or organic fertilizer shall be mixed with the topsoil and backfilled into the planting hole, generally 10 cm thick.Put the mother bamboo into the hole, keep the root disk parallel to the ground surface, fill the topsoil first, then fill the core soil, pick up stones, tree roots and other sundries, and tamp in layers to make the root closely connected with the soil. Pay attention not to damage the sprouts during the tamping process.Then pour enough "root fixing water" to further make the root soil closely connected.[2]
sow
Sow seeds with seeds that have been accelerated to sprout. After sowing, always drench the seeds with water to prevent "sprouting" and seed decay.Generally adopteddrillingOr acupoint sowing.The amount of hole sowing seeds is small, the bamboo seedlings are evenly distributed, grow neatly, and the management is convenient.The spacing between plants and lines is generally 30 cm.Each hole shall be evenly seeded with 8-10 seeds, covered with fine soil for about 1.5 cm, and then covered with a layer of straw, drenched with water.When drilling, the distance between the furrows is about 30cm, and the furrows should be perpendicular to the seedbed.When the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the soil will germinate 15-20 days after sowing.After the bamboo seedlings are unearthed, the grass cover shall be removed in batches. When most sowing holes see seedlings, the grass cover shall be removed by 1/2, and then all the grass cover shall be removed in about a week.[3]
cultivation techniques
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soil preparation
Fully reclaim more than 50 cm, trapezoid soil preparation, remove stones, tree roots, etc.Dig 40 cm long, 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep pits along the contour.Comprehensive fertilization and local fertilization are combined.Comprehensive fertilization shall be carried out during land preparation, and 1500 kg to 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer shall be applied per mu.Local fertilization Before planting, apply 2 kg to 3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole to improve soil fertility.[2]
plant
Select mother bamboo
Selecting good mother bamboo for planting is one of the key factors for survival and high yield. It is best to select 1-2 year old bamboo seedlings with moderate thickness, lush branches and leaves, healthy growth, pest free, intact, and 2-4 plants per hill.Leave 3-4 trays of mother bamboo branches, remove the bamboo tips to reduce water evaporation, transplant with soil, and "screws" (i.e. the joint between the whip stem and the bamboo stem) are firm and not loose.During long-distance transportation, the mother bamboo soil ball shall be wrapped with woven tape, and the branches and leaves shall be shaded and sprayed with water for heat preservation.[2]
Scientific planting
The planting time should be in the early spring when the bamboo is dormant, the activity of shoot bud is weak, the activity of bamboo liquid is low, and the whip root accumulates nutrients. March is the best month in northern China.The method of transplanting mother bamboo shall be adopted. After planting, the mother bamboo shall be compacted and the root soil shall be closely connected to ensure that the mother bamboo can absorb enough water from the soil in a timely manner. After loading, the root water shall be thoroughly watered and then watered in a timely manner.[2]
Loosening soil can improve soil properties, but the depth should not be too deep, or it will hurt the whip root, generally about 10 cm is appropriate.Bamboo forest covering method can also be used to increase the thickness of soil layer.Fertilization is carried out in combination with soil loosening. Fertilization is carried out three times a year. For the first time, quick acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to improve the quality of bamboo shoots and supply nutrients for the growth of mother bamboo before shooting in March and March;For the second time, during the bamboo growing period from May to July, bamboo shoots in large numbers, new bamboos grow, old bamboos change leaves, and bamboos begin to whip and consume a lot of nutrients. Fast acting phosphorus, potassium or organic fertilizers are applied to promote the recovery of bamboo forests and the growth of bamboo whip;The third time is in the shoot bud differentiation period from October to November, which is an important time to absorb and accumulate nutrients. It is appropriate to apply organic fertilizer. In winter, the ground is covered with warm materials such as firewood, which is conducive to shoot bud differentiation and warm overwintering.The annual fertilization amount per mu shall not be less than 6-8 kg of available nitrogen, 3-5 kg of available phosphorus and 5-8 kg of available potassium.[2]
Structural adjustment
After the mother bamboo is planted, the tending management is relatively simple. The bad bamboo should be cut off at the right time, and the standing bamboo degree should be controlled at about 1580 plants/mu, of which the 1-4-year bamboo accounts for 25% each, with a reasonable evenness. The leaf area index is more than 4.8, which is conducive to the growth of bamboo.[2]
Key values
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Broad leaved Indocalamus is not only an excellent economic plant, but also an ornamental plant with high value. It can be widely used as space construction materials and ground cover greening materials in various urban and rural green spaces, and can play a high ecological environmental value and practical economic value.[4]
esthetics
Su Dongpo's poem "Better eat without meat than live without bamboo" endows bamboo with a noble position in people's hearts.The leaves of Indocalamus latifolia are large and oval, with a length of 10 to 30 cm and a width of 4 to 10 cm.It is known that it is one of the bamboos with large leaves, which can bring people a unique viewing experience.Broad leaved Indocalamus is green all the year round, with luxuriant branches and leavestrimIt can bring people a sense of vitality.The density of broad leaf Indocalamus can reach more than 80%, which can achieve a good sealing effect in space enclosure.[4]
ecology
The unit leaf area of Indocalamus latifolia is the largest among bamboos, about 65 square centimeters, and its branches and leaves are luxuriant.Therefore, in addition to the strong carbon fixation function of bamboo plants, broad leaf indocalamus also has strong ecological functions such as oxygen release, dust retention, noise reduction, etc.The average leaf area dust retention of Indocalamus latifolia in four seasons is 0.99g/m2, 2-3 times that of other small leaved bamboos.At the same time, because of the characteristics of broadleaf Indocalamus, it also plays a good role in weakening sound waves.[4]
Economics
Broad leaved Indocalamus grows fast, has large leaves, high yield, rich resources and wide uses.Its leaves can not only be used as food packaging (mainly used as zong leaves and dish trays), but also ascabinThe raw materials for making the cloak can also be used as raw materials for producing indocalamus wine, feed and paper products;Its stalks can be used as bamboo chopsticks, brush stalks, broom handles, etc.[4]
