synonymMinyue King City(Minyue King City) generally refers to the site of the city, village and Seoul
Chengcun, the site of Seoul, is also called the Ancient City of Guangdong and the City of Minwang.Located in Fujian ProvinceNanping CityWuyishan CityChengcun Village of Xingtian Town, 35 kilometers away from the urban area.The city site is located on rolling hills.Surrounded by Chongxi on the east, west and north sides, it is close to mountains and rivers.It covers an area of 480000 square meters.[7]
The city wall of Chengcun Han City Site is a rammed earth building with a perimeter of 2896 meters and two city gates.There are 4 foundation sites of large buildings, 5 sites of iron smelting workshops, 15 residential areas and many beacon towers, drainage systems and ancient roads in the city.The central building area is a group of large palace buildings, including the gate, the guard room, the main hall, the west wing room, the west side hall and the east greenhouse, etc., as well as the scientific ruins of apron facilities. The scale is grand, reflecting the architectural achievements of the Minyue people in the Han Dynasty.[7]
In 1958, Fujian Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee found this well preserved ancient city site of Fujian and Vietnam in the Han Dynasty 2100 years ago at the southeast side of Xingtian Town, Wuyishan City (formerly Chong'an County) during the first cultural relics survey in the province.
In the autumn and winter of 1959, the Fujian Provincial Cultural Administration Commission organized an archaeological team to conduct an archaeological excavation of the city site for more than a month.On the Madaogang plateau in the north, a large building foundation site was excavated, 20 trenches were excavated, and the total area of the site was 864 square meters.The excavators sorted out the archaeological harvest and published an article entitled "Trial Excavation of Korean City Site in Chong'an Village, Fujian" (Archaeology, 1960, Issue 10) in the name of Fujian Provincial Cultural Administration Commission.Through this archaeological excavation work, it was determined that the ancient city of Chengcun should be dated to the Han Dynasty, and was named "Chong'an Chengcun Han City Site". The size, plane shape, structure of the city wall and some roads in the city were basically clarified.
In 1980, local farmers prepared to reclaim land in the city in order to open mountains and plant tea.The county cultural department shall report to the provincial government immediately after hearing the news.The provincial government decided to organize an archaeological team to conduct a comprehensive survey and key excavation of Seoul.For this reason, the provincial museum has organized a three person archaeological team to enter the city and village and set up the "Seoul Workstation of Fujian Provincial Museum".
In November 1980, the archaeological team tried to dig a Yuanbaoshan site in the west outside the city of Seoul in Chengcun, with an actual excavation area of 20 square meters.
In August 1981, first of all, a group of palace sites (designated as the foundation site of Group A buildings) in Gaohu Nanping were excavated. The excavation area was 300 square meters, and the main building of Group A buildings in Gaohu Nanping was found, the hall building in the west.
In October 1981, seven trenches were excavated between the houses of the Menqianyuan site in the southeast of Chengcun, covering an area of 100 square meters. This archaeological excavation shows that the Menqianyuan site of Chengcun is a large Han Dynasty architectural complex site outside the Seoul of Chengcun.
From November 1981 to the end of January 1982, the excavation of Gaohu Nanping Group A building site continued, with a total excavation area of 2100 square meters, and the archaeological excavation of No. 1 Hall site was completed.
From August 1982 to December 1985, extended excavation was carried out around the foundation site of Gaohu Nanping buildings, covering an area of 9200 square meters, and the overall excavation of the foundation site of Gaohu Nanping Group A buildings was finally completed.
From December 1984 to January 1985, in order to understand the age and structure of the city wall, two trenches were excavated in the south section of the east city wall, covering an actual area of 125 square meters.
From 1985 to 1988, the foundation site of Beigang Building on the north side of the East Gate of Seoul in Chengcun was excavated, with a total excavation area of 3500 square meters.Within the excavation scope, a large building foundation site, named "Beigang No. 1 Building Foundation Site", was found, which consists of three groups of buildings with basically the same structure and is connected as a whole.On the west side of No. 1 building site, No. 2 building site was cleared.
In 1986, the gate pier on the north side of Dongchengmen site in Seoul was preliminarily cleaned and protected;From 1986 to 1991, it was officially excavated, covering an area of 800 square meters.
From May to June 1996, in order to protect and repair the damaged Dongcheng Gate, a detailed cleaning was carried out, and the building structure and shape of the Dongcheng Gate were basically understood.
From autumn 1994 to January 1996, a construction site was excavated in Xiasigang, named "Xiasigang No.1 Site", with an excavation area of 1266 square meters.
From 1996 to 2000, the archaeological team carried out a large-scale archaeological survey and exploration on the periphery of the city site. During the exploration, the team also used advanced geomagnetic exploration and shovel exploration techniques, which proved that the ruins in the outer city wall area covered an area of about 4.5 square kilometers, mainly including official areas, general residential areas, handicraft workshops, kiln sites, roads, etc.The damaged brick kiln was excavated locally.Four burial areas have been found outside the Guo District, of which the largest one is located in the north of the city and stretches for more than 2 kilometers. The archaeological team has carried out rescue excavation on five of them and learned about the shape and structure of some large and medium-sized tombs.
In November 2001, an archaeological excavation was carried out on Niushan Tomb, which is located in the north of the city site. The tomb is covered with bucket shaped sealed earth. The plane of the tomb is in the shape of "A", with a total length of nearly 32 meters, a width of about 9 meters, and a depth of about 14 meters from the sealed earth to the bottom of the tomb. It is a grand tomb of nobility in the period of Fujian and Vietnam. It is a rare "human" coffin burial form in China.
In November 2003, the tomb of Xinting Garden was excavated, and a total of four tombs were cleared, all with sealed mounds, a tomb path, and a "convex" shaped plane, which was a noble cemetery in the period of Fujian and Vietnam.
From 2004 to 2009, due to the focus on the protection of large sites, only a few rescue excavations were carried out for individual tombs or damaged sites.[6]
On April 18, 2023, the "International Day of Monuments and Sites", the State Administration of Cultural Heritage held a site work meeting for the National Archaeological Site Park in Wuhan to award the fourth batch of national archaeological site parks, including the Seoul National Archaeological Site Park in Chengcun, Nanping City.[9]
Site characteristics
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The plane of Chengcun Seoul Site is irregular rectangle, about 860 meters long from north to south, 550 meters wide from east to west, and covers an area of about 480000 square meters.At present, there are still good walls on the ground. The measured perimeter is 2896m, the wall is 4-8m wide, the foundation is 7-28m wide, and the residual height is 3.5-8m. The city walls are all rammed, undulating and winding along the mountain.Except for natural deep valleys and depressions, there are generally trench relics around the wall, which are 6-10 meters wide and about 5 meters deep.The southwest corner of the city site is at the highest point in the city. There is a round foundation, about 4 meters higher than the city wall, with a diameter of 10-14 meters. In the center of the earth platform, there is a garden pit, 1.1 meters in diameter and 3.5 meters in depth, which contains tiles, ashes, burnt earth and charcoal. It is regarded as a beacon tower site for lookout and alarm.There are two proven ancient city gates, located in the southern half of the city site, at the two ends of the "Wang Dianlong". They are opposite from east to west and connected by straight roads.The city gate is paved with cobblestone pavement to connect with the main roads in the city, and has water inlet and drainage facilities.
In the city site, there are 4 large building groups, 5 iron smelting workshop sites, 15 residential areas, and many drainage systems and ancient roads.The ruins of the Jiuye Furnace were found on the west and south hillsides outside the city, and 21 pieces of ironware of various types were excavated in the "Yuanbao Mountain". Their shapes and pottery are the same as those unearthed in the city.
The burial area is mainly located outside the city. An earth pit tomb with vertical holes was excavated at Fulingang in the south. Nine pieces of red hard pottery were unearthed, including bowls, jars, bottles and garlic pots, which should belong to the Western Han Dynasty.
Gaohuping in the city is the central building area of Seoul. According to the signs exposed in the excavation, it is a large palace building, including the main hall, side chambers, courtyard, patio, drainage channel, etc.Column foundation stones are arranged in order, including single stones and four stones in a group. In the middle is a deep buried column foundation structure with column holes.The red burned soil, charcoal and ashes in the stratum are piled up one by one, which may be caused by fire.The collapsed adobe wall bricks are arranged in order, and the wall foundation traces are clear.The wall is divided into adobe brick wall and fence grass mixed mud wall. The brick wall is plastered with grass mixed mud and lime surface, and the ochre red mural border trace is found on the local lime surface.Lay a geometric pattern brick along the floor of the front eaves for water apron and walking.[5]
Chengcun Hancheng Site
Cultural relics
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A large number of relics were unearthed at the Chengcun Seoul Site.The household utensils are mainly pottery, and more than 2500 pieces have been restored.Among them, there are a large number of utensils, such as pao pots, bottles, lifting barrels, porcelain, jars, pots, bowls, etc., which have local characteristics and are close to the "South Vietnamese style" pottery of Lingnan, so they can be called "Minyue style";The other part, such as tripods, boxes, incense sticks, cauldrons, steamers, pots, plates, cups, and cups, is the same as or similar to the similar artifacts unearthed in the mainland, apparently influenced by Chu and Han culture.In terms of patterns, there are many kinds of patterns, such as grid patterns, rhomboid patterns and rope patterns. The most common patterns are water ripples, string patterns, and grid dot patterns. There are also net patterns, zigzag patterns, comb patterns, triangle patterns, and circle patterns, which are often combined with more than two kinds of patterns.The pottery is engraved with pottery script, mainly clerical script, and a few are either seal script, or between seal script and clerical script.See the text with "official", "Qianguan", "Guanhuang", "Guanjing", "Guanxin" and surname.
A large number of building materials have been unearthed at the construction site of Gaohuping Group A and Beigang, including slate, simple stone, stone dang, earthen brick, rectangular floor tile, hollow brick, pottery, pottery well circle, etc.The tile is round, mostly decorated with sunflower like scroll cloud pattern and scroll cloud arrow pattern. A few characters are printed on the tile with "Yue Weiyang", "Chang Le Long live", "Chang Le", "Long live" and other yang seal characters.The surface of slate and simple stone is decorated with rope lines and string lines, and the inside is stamped with milk lines. Some of them are stamped with the names and symbols of craftsmen, including more than 40 kinds, such as Hu, Ma, Huang, Lin, Futang, Qi Jie, Mo, Wolf, House, and Ju.
There are abundant ironware unearthed in the site.Among them, farm tools include pickaxe, chisel, five tooth harrow, sickle, plough, hoe, etc., hand tools include axe, adze, chisel, hammer, chisel, etc., weapons include knife, spear, sword, axe, etc., as well as hooks, rings, nails and other miscellaneous tools.
There are only a few bronze wares unearthed from the site, mainly weapons, such as crossbow parts, iron collars and copper arrowheads.The bronze crossbow machine has several parts, such as outline, bolt, mountain view, tooth and hanging knife. Five of the bolts are engraved with the inscription of "Hanoi Gongguan". This kind of crossbow machine was imported from the Central Plains in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.For daily use, there are copper bells, bronze dolls, bronze mirrors, gilded copper tubes, bow caps, etc.Among them, the bronze mirror with the remnant dragon pattern, about 25cm in diameter, is a relic from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty.[4]
Historical culture
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In ancient times, Chengcun was called "Ancient Yuecheng Village" (Zhao's genealogy of ancient Yuecheng Village), or "Wangdian Village" (Jiajing Jianyang County Chronicle) or "Yuecheng" (Wang Baoren's "Jianyang County Chronicle"). The title of "Ancient Guangdong" is still preserved on the south gate of Chengcun, which indicates that the ancient city was said to be "Ancient Yuecheng" built by the Minyue King in all dynasties.According to Jian'an Ji written by Xiao Zikai in the Southern Dynasty, "The King of Yue built six cities to repel Han". Archaeological discoveries since the founding of the People's Republic of China confirm the records in historical books. These six cities are Hanyang, Linpu and Linjiang in Pucheng County today;Today's Datan in Jianyang County;Wuban in today's Shaowu and Seoul in today's Chong'an.[4]
Cultural relic value
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Chengcun Seoul Site is a typical representative of ancient southern cities in China. It is called "the first archaeological city of Han Dynasty in Jiangnan" by archaeologists, and has high cultural research value and archaeological value.Coordinator of the UNESCO Heritage Committee, coordinator of the World Heritage Project of the International Council of Monuments and Sites, British archaeologist Henry Clears and his wife, and the director of the Rome Monuments Conservation and Restoration Center, Yoga Zhaoklett and his wife,After visiting and investigating, he called the Seoul Site "Pompeii of China", and believed that the Seoul Site was "the most well preserved site of the King City of Han Dynasty in the Pacific Rim, a typical representative of ancient southern cities in China, and an important position in the history of Chinese and world architecture".
Chengcun Seoul Site is the largest existing ancient site in Fujian Province so far, and it is also a rare and complete site of Minyue city in China.The discovery of Chengcun Hancheng Site and the excavation of cultural relics filled the gap in the history of Chinese urban development and the case of the local princes and princes' cities in the Han Dynasty in the southern mountain type of urban archaeology, and provided extremely valuable and unique material materials for the study of the relics of the princes and princes' cities in the Han Dynasty.Chengcun Seoul Site is not only the most complete preserved large-scale ancient city site in Fujian, but also the only fully preserved ancient city of the Han Dynasty in China. Especially among the large-scale sites of the same period, among the vassal cities of the Western Han Dynasty, it is also the only preserved royal city site, so it has high historical, scientific and artistic value,It is a rare and important ancient cultural heritage.[6]
Cultural relics protection
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In 1961, Chengcun Seoul Site was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Fujian Province.[4]
On November 20, 1996, Chengcun and Seoul Heritage Sites were approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.[3]
In 1999, Chengcun Seoul Site was listed in the World Heritage List as an important part of Wuyishan's application for world cultural and natural heritage.[6]
In December 2006, Chengcun Seoul Site was included in the list of 100 important sites determined in the National "Eleventh Five Year Plan".[6]
In 2006, the Overall Protection Plan of Wuyishancheng Village Seoul Relics passed the examination and approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and was approved, announced and implemented by the Fujian Provincial People's Government in 2007.[6]
In December 2013, Chengcun Seoul Archaeological Site Park was listed in the second batch of national archaeological site parks.[6]
On October 12, 2021, Chengcun Seoul Heritage Site was selected into the list of major sites during the "14th Five Year Plan" period in the "14th Five Year Plan" of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.[2]
In December 2022, Chengcun Seoul National Archaeological Site Park was included in the fourth batch of national archaeological site parks.[8]
Tourism information
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geographical position
Chengcun Hancheng Site is located in Chengcun, Xingtian Town, Wuyishan City, Nanping City, Fujian Province.
Chengcun Hancheng Site
Traffic information
Take the "Wuyishan Urban District - Chengcun Ancient Seoul Relics" tourist passenger line, and get off at Chengcun Ancient Seoul Relics Station.
