synonymChangchun Zi(Changchun Zi) generally refers to Qiu Chuji (one of the "Northern Seven Immortals" of Taoism Quanzhen Sect)
Qiu Chuji (1148-1227), with the name of Tongmi and the name of Changchunzi, was born in Qixia (now Shandong Province), Dengzhou, a Taoist in the early Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, and is one of the "Northern Seven Immortals" of Taoism Quanzhen Sect.He is famous all over the world for going to the Western Regions at the age of 74 to persuade Genghis Khan to stop killing people.
Qiu Chuji became a monk at the age of 19. The next year, he followed Wang Chongyang as his teacher. He was very close to the mystery. Together with Ma Yu, the son of Danyangzi, Tan Chuduan, the son of Changzhen, Liu Chuxuan, Wang Chuyi, the son of Yuyangzi, Hao Datong, the son of Guangningzi, and Sun Buer, a free man from Qingjing, he was called "the seven sons of Quanzhen".After Wang Chongyang emerged, he lived in Panxi Cave in Shaanxi Province for 6 years and devoted himself to the cultivation of Taoism.Later, he lived in seclusion in Longmen Mountain（thisShaanxiBaojiDomestic) 7 years of hard work.In the first year of Mingchang (1190), Jin Zhangzong issued an edict to ban Taoism under the pretext of "confusing people", and Qiu Chuji returned to Qixia in the east.In the autumn of the second year of Zhenyou (1214), Yang An'er Rebellion in Shandong Province was successfully recruited.Jin Ting and the Southern Song Dynasty successively sent envoys to call him, but they did not respond to the edict.When Emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty heard of his name, he sent envoys from Naiman (now in Mongolia) to invite him. Qiu Chuji resolutely led 18 disciples from Laizhou to travel thousands of miles. After experiencing difficulties, he arrived at the Great Snow Mountain in the Western Regions two years later.When Taizu asked him how to govern the world, he replied that he should "respect the heaven and love the people";Ask for the way to live a long time, and answer with pure heart and few desires;He also said that those who want to unify the world "must care about not killing people".The Taizu deeply agreed with his words and received great courtesy. He was honored as an immortal.Later, Li Zhichang, a disciple of Qiu, wrote "Journey to the West of Changchun Immortal", which described the event in great detail.After Qiu Chuji returned to Yanjing (today's Beijing), the Emperor Taizu gave him a tiger sign and a seal, ordered him to take charge of Taoism in the world, and issued an edict to exempt Taoist temples and Taoists from all tax duties.Qiu Chuji then sent out a wide range of ultimatums, established eight churches, including Equality, Changchun, Lingbao, etc., established a large number of palaces and temples, and set up altars for the ceremony. At one time, the four sects were opened up, and Taoist couples gathered, and Quanzhen Taoism was greatly developed.In the 22nd year of Emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1227), Qiu Chuji emerged in the Baoxuan Hall and was buried in Shun Hall of Baiyun Temple (now the Qiuzu Hall of Baiyun Temple in Beijing).In the sixth year of the Zhiyuan era (1269), the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty issued an imperial edict to present the "Immortal Bishop of Changchun performing Taoism".In the third year of the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1310), he was granted the title of "Changchun Quande Deity, Mingying Zhenjun" and later called "Changchun Immortal".
The Dragon Sect created by Qiu Chuji is the main sect inherited by Quanzhen Taoism.He basically inherited Wang Chongyang's thought, and advocated that purity of mind and few desires are the foundation of cultivating morality.He has written the second volume of "Da Dan Zhi Zhi Zhi" and systematically expounded his theory and method of inner alchemy cultivation.In addition, he also wrote six volumes of Panxi Collection, which was collected in Orthodox Taoist Collection;A volume of "Theory of Health Care News", included in "The Essence of Taoist Collection".Qiu Chuji has many disciples, such as Yin Zhiping, Li Zhichang, Song Defang, and so on. They are all famous high scholars.Yin Zhiping's Journey to the North and other books creatively inherited and developed Qiu Chuji's thought of the integration of three religions, which was one of the most important theoretical works of Quanzhen Taoism in the Yuan Dynasty.
Key achievements
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Revitalizing Quanzhen Taoism and Holistic Taoism
Although Qiu Chuji has been engaged in religious activities for a long time, he has a keen insight into social problems.He knew that the development of religion must be fully supported by the ruling class.In the 28th year of Dading (1188), he first won the favor of Jin Shizong, a Taoist at that time, and publicized his ideas to the supreme ruler, and achieved success.Jin Shizong not only gave Da Tao as a reward and asked him to preside over the Spring Festival ceremony, but also ordered the statue of founder Wang Chongyang of Quanzhen Taoism to be built in the temple as a memorial, which undoubtedly played an important role for Qiu Chuji to expand the influence of Quanzhen Taoism and improve his social status.
In the third year of Taihe (1203), Liu Chuxuan died, and Qiu Chuji was the fifth leader of Quanzhen Taoism.Between the third year of Taihe (1203) and the third year of Xingding (1219), he preached in Penglai, Zhiyang, Yexian, Beihai and Jiaoxi, Shandong.After seeing Genghis Khan in the snow capped mountains, Qiu Chuji used the palace to send out an ultimatum to pacify a large number of civilians and make them join the Quanzhen Taoism, thereby exempting them from the exorbitant taxes and levies.This had a huge impact at that time, so that people from all walks of life swarmed into the Quanzhen Taoism. Scholars and officials were proud of their friendship with the Quanzhen Taoism Taoists. Other Taoist sects and even some Buddhist temples also hung the banner of Quanzhen Taoism.In the spring of the first year of Zhengda (1224), Qiu Chuji presided over the Tianchang Temple at the invitation of Yanjing officials.In the fourth year of Zhengda (1227), Genghis Khan issued an edict to change the name of Tianchang Temple to Changchun Palace (today's Baiyun Temple in Beijing), and gave it the "Golden Tiger Card", saying that "everything in Taoism should be handled by 'gods'", that is, he ordered Qiu Chuji to take charge of Taoism in the world.Qiu Chuji took Changchun Palace as the headquarters of Quanzhen Taoism, and established Taoist temples around the country to promote it nationwide.With the support of the Yuan government, Quanzhen Taoism reached a prosperous situation that "has never been so prosperous since ancient times".Qiu Chuji has been in charge of Taoism for 24 years, during which he actively exerted his influence in politics and society, making the development of Quanzhen Taoism and even the whole Taoism enter a prosperous period.
Thousands of miles west to see Genghis Khan "stop killing"
In May of the third year of Xingding (1219), Genghis Khan sent envoys to Shandong with an edict to invite Qiu Chuji to meet the Mongol Empire.In the first month of the lunar calendar in the fourth year of Xingding (1220), Qiu Chuji selected 18 disciples, including the disciple Yin Zhiping, to leave Shandong Haotian Temple and leave for the west. At this time, he was 73 years old.After twists and turns, in April of the sixth year of Xingding (1222), Qiu Chuji arrived at the Baluwan Palace in the "Great Snow Mountain" (today's Hindu Kush Mountain) via Tiemen Pass to meet Genghis Khan, realizing the meeting of the dragon and the horse (Genghis Khan belongs to the horse, Qiu Chuji belongs to the dragon).In the autumn and winter of the same year, Genghis Khan summoned Qiu Chuji three times to ask about the methods of governance and health preservation. Genghis Khan issued an edict to Yelu Chucai to compile these dialogues into the Record of Xuanfeng Celebration.Li Zhichang, one of the eighteen disciples who followed Qiu Chuji on his westward journey, later wrote a book called Journey of Changchun Immortal to the West, which has important historical value.
Qiu Chuji saw Genghis Khan, which is an epoch-making event in the history of religion and has far-reaching significance.According to the records in the Xuanfeng Qinghui Record, Qiu Chuji's influence on Genghis Khan is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the propaganda of "eliminating violence and stopping killing" alleviated the brutal killing policy of the Mongolian rulers on the people in the conquered areas to a certain extent.In view of Genghis Khan's desire for longevity, Qiu Chuji asked him to combine the pursuit of "immortality" with good deeds, and advised Genghis Khan to focus on "consolidating the spirit inside and cultivating yin and virtue outside".To consolidate the spirit inside is not to fight everywhere, and to cultivate yin virtue outside is to stop violence.Genghis Khan's policy of ruling the Central Plains in his later period was somewhat mild. Muhuali, an official in Shandong, and his successors mostly adopted measures of appeasement against local resistance. Although it was driven by many factors, Qiu Chuji's theory of snow mountain undoubtedly had an important impact.After that, Qiu Chuji continued to advise General Meng Yuan to reduce the massacre of the people.The second is to publicize the idea of helping the world and the people, which has made contributions to the restoration and development of the social economy in the Central Plains, the relief of poor people, and the stability of social order.
