synonymChangjiang delta(Yangtze River Delta for short) generally refers to the Yangtze River Delta region
The Yangtze River Delta, referred to as the Yangtze River Delta, is located in ChinaYangtze RiverThe downstream area ofYellow SeaAndThe East China SeaIt is located at the intersection of rivers and seas. There are many coastal ports along the river. It is an alluvial plain formed before the Yangtze River flows into the sea[3]。includeShanghai、Jiangsu Province、Zhejiang Province、Anhui Province, 41 cities in total[1-2]。
By the end of 2019, the Yangtze River Delta has a population of 227 million[4]The area is 358000 square kilometers.In 2023, the GDP of the Yangtze River Delta will be 30504.5 billion yuan[83]The economic volume of all cities in the Yangtze River Delta has reached more than 100 billion yuan[71]；The urbanization rate of permanent population exceeds 60%[4-5]With less than 4% of its land area, it has created nearly 1/4 of China's total economic volume and 1/3 of its total import and export volume[6]。In 2019, the railway network density in the Yangtze River Delta will reach 325 km/10000 square kilometers, 2.2 times the national average[7]。
The Yangtze River Delta is one of the regions with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness, and the strongest innovation ability in China. It has a pivotal strategic position in the overall situation of national modernization and the pattern of all-round opening up.Promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, enhancing the innovation and competitiveness of the Yangtze River Delta region, and improving economic agglomeration, regional connectivity and policy coordination efficiency are of great significance for leading the high-quality development of the country and building a modern economic system[5]。In November 2018,Regional integration development in the Yangtze River DeltaRise tonational strategy。[81]
Chinese name
Yangtze River Delta
Foreign name
Yangtze River Delta
Alias
Changjiang delta
area number
Shanghai (310000) Jiangsu Province (320000) Zhejiang Province (330000) Anhui Province (340000)
Administrative Region Category
Geographical region
Region
East China
geographical position
ChinaEast ChinaThe lower reaches of the Yangtze River
The Yangtze River Delta has a long cultural history, and with developed water systems and fertile land superior to China's agriculture and handicrafts, it has initially formed a considerable urban agglomeration in the middle and late feudal society of China.
fromthe Ming dynastyreachthe Qing dynastyNine large commercial and handicraft cities have emerged in the Yangtze River Delta, textile industry and its trading centersNanjing、Hangzhou、Suzhou、Songjiang；Grain distribution centerYangzhou、Wuxi、Changzhou, Printing and Stationery Production Trading CenterHuzhou。At that time, Shanghai (a county established in the Yuan Dynasty) had developed into an important commercial center of the coastal north-south trade.
Opium WarLater (1842-1949), during the initial period of great development of commodity economy under the conditions of opening to the outside world, the formation and development stage of the emerging modern industrial and commercial city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta.
Nanjing
In the era of planned economy (1949-1978), the function of cities in the Yangtze River Delta was converging. Under various special environmental conditions, China chose the Soviet style high concentrationPlanned economyAnd closed economy development strategy.All cities run industries in a monotonous manner and change consumption cities into production cities, which makes urban functions converge and the urbanization process is extremely slow.
On December 10, 1982, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China clearly proposed "regional cooperation" and "the preparation of the plan for the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone with Shanghai as the center." On December 22, the State Council officially issued the Notice on the Establishment of the Shanghai Economic Zone and Shanxi Energy Base Planning Office,Shanghai Economic Zone Planning Office was officially established[9]。
In January 1983, the then Vice Premier of the State CouncilYao YilinIn the Preliminary Assumption on the Establishment of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, it is pointed out that the planning scope of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone can first focus on Shanghai, including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nantong, Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Ningbo and other cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and can be gradually expanded later according to needs[10]。
In 1986, the State Council issued the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning Further Promoting Horizontal Economic Union.
On June 1, 1988, the Shanghai Economic Zone Planning Office was revoked.
In June 1992, the "Economic Planning Symposium of the Yangtze River Delta and the Regions along the Yangtze River" established a joint meeting of the directors of the Yangtze River Delta Cooperation Office (Committee).
In 1996, the joint meeting of the directors of the Yangtze River Delta Cooperation Office (Committee) was replaced by the Yangtze River Delta Urban Economic Coordination Commission.
In November 2006, the preparation of the Outline of Regional Planning for the Yangtze River Delta Region was basically completed[11]。
In May 2010, the State Council officially approved the implementation of《Regional Planning of the Yangtze River Delta》The Yangtze River Delta is defined as Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Hangzhou
In September 2014, the Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt by Relying on the Golden Waterway promoted the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta and created a world-class urban agglomeration with international competitiveness[12]。
On December 3, 2015, the main leaders' forum of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta was held in Hefei.
In July 2018, the Three Year Action Plan for the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta (2018-2020) was officially issued[13]。On November 5 of the same year, Xi Jinping announced at the first China International Import Expo that supporting the development of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta has become a national strategy[5]。
In December 2019, the Outline of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Integrated Development Plan was officially issued, covering all regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shanghai.[14]
On August 20, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the symposium on promoting the integration and development of the Yangtze River Delta in Hefei and delivered an important speech[6]。
On November 23, 2021, it was reported that from now on, residents with permanent residence in the Yangtze River Delta region could apply to the public security organ in the actual place of residence for the admission of newborn babies, and there was no need to travel back and forth between the actual place of residence and the place of residence.This is another convenient service launched by the public security organs in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui in the practical activity of "I do practical things for the masses"Measures[61]。
On the morning of November 30, 2023, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over a symposium on in-depth promotion of the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta in Shanghai and delivered an important speech.[80]
Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Regional scope
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Approved by the State Council in 2019《Outline of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Integration Development Plan》The Yangtze River Delta region includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui[5]；41 cities in total[1-2]。Yangtze River Delta Regional Cooperation OfficeThe office is located at 103 A Wukang Road, Shanghai;The office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta is located in the National Development and Reform Commission.
Lighting Map of the Yangtze River Delta (as of June 2020)
The Yangtze River Delta covers an area of 358000 square kilometers;Including Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province (covering an area of 358000 square kilometers).With Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Yancheng, Taizhou in Jiangsu Province, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhoushan, Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, and 27 cities in Hefei, Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chuzhou, Chizhou, and Xuancheng in Anhui Province as the center (with an area of 225000 square kilometers).Take Qingpu in Shanghai, Wujiang in Jiangsu, and Jiashan in Zhejiang as the Yangtze River Delta Ecological and Green Integrated Development Demonstration Zone (covering an area of about 2300 square kilometers[5]）；Located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, it is close to the Yellow Sea andThe East China SeaIt is located at the intersection of the river and the sea. There are many ports along the river and the coast. It is an alluvial plain formed before the Yangtze River entered the sea[3]。
landforms
Satellite map of the Yangtze River Delta
Four to five thousand years ago, the Yangtze River Delta was a triangular harbor. The estuary of the Yangtze River was like a trumpet opening to the east. The water surface was vast and the tidal effect was significant.Supported by the sea water, most of the 470 million tons of sediment brought by the Yangtze River every year is deposited, forming a sandbank on the north and south banks.The sand dike on the north bank extends from the vicinity of Yangzhou to the eastRudongNearby, north of the sandbank is mainly composed ofYellow River、Huaihe RiverThe alluvial Lixiahe Plain.The sand dike on the south bankJiangyinThe neighborhood starts to extend southeast to ShanghaiJinshan DistrictNear Caojing, andQiantang RiverThe sand dike on the north bank is connected to formTaihu Plain。
SDGSAT-1 releases Yangtze River Delta image[64]
Lixiahe PlainIt is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, with an area of about 14000 square kilometers. It is a saucer shaped depression.The central depression is connected with lakes, mainly includingSheyang Lake、Dazong LakeEtc.A series of monadnocks with an altitude of 100-300 meters are scattered in the Yangtze River Delta, most of which are composed of Devonian sandstone, Carboniferous and Permian limestone, and a few of which are Yanshanian limestoneGraniteAnd trachyte.It covers an area of about 50000 square kilometers.The terrain here is low and flat, and the altitude is basically below 10 meters. There are some isolated mountains and residual hills scattered here and there, such as GaoyouShenju MountainBaiyang Mountain in Yizheng, ChangzhouLiyangOfNanshan、WuxiOfHuishan、SuzhouTianping MountainChangshuOfYushan、SongjiangOfSheshanandTianma MountainEtc.Including ChangzhouLiyangNanshan, 508 meters above sea level, is the first peak in Wuyue;They either stand on the plain or in the Taihu Lake. Some become tourist areas, and some become flower and fruit mountains.The geographical apex of the Yangtze River Delta is in Jiangsu ProvinceYizheng CityZhenzhou Town.The lowest point in the Yangtze River Delta is in Jiangsu ProvinceGaoyou CityThe highest point is higher than 1000 meters, and those higher than 1000 meters are located in Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan Mountain in Hangzhou.[15-18]
terrain
Suzhou
The Taihu Plain is the main body of the Yangtze River Delta. The Taihu Plain, centered on the Taihu Lake, is like a large dish, with a topography of high, middle and low in the week.The peak of the Yangtze River Delta is atNanjing City、Yangzhou City（Gaoyou）、Yizheng CityOne line, north to Xiaoyangkou.Hangzhou Bay is to the south.The altitude is mostly below 10 meters, with low hills (such asHuishan、Tianping Mount、Yushan、Wolf MountainAnd so on), with an altitude of 200-300m.The average annual sediment discharge of the Yangtze River is 400 million to 900 million tons. In general years, 28% of the sediment is deposited in the Yangtze River, and in some years, it is up to 78%. The delta continues to extend to the sea.Changzhou, ChangshuTaicangCityJinshan DistrictThe ancient Shazui area is mostly 4-6 meters above sea level;Yangzhou City, north of the Yangtze RiverTaizhouThe ancient Shazui along the city, Taixing city and Rugao city is 7-8 meters above sea level.
climate
Hefei
The Yangtze River Delta is mainly located inSubtropical monsoon climateThe average annual temperature, average annual maximum and minimum temperature all increased significantly, and the warming rate was higher in winter and spring, and the lowest in summer.The warming rate of stations in large cities is significantly higher than that of stations in small towns and medium-sized cities. The urbanization effect is basically a warming effect on the temperature of large cities, with the largest warming rate and contribution rate to the average minimum temperature and the smallest to the average maximum temperature.The trend and rate of temperature change, the rate and contribution rate of urbanization effect in the Yangtze River Delta are consistent with those in other regions.
hydrology
Wuxi
The Yangtze River Delta has the highest river network density in China, with an average river network length of 4.8-6.7 kilometers per square kilometer.There are more than 200 lakes on the plain.The Yangtze River Delta is crisscrossed with rivers, lakes, developed agriculture, dense population and numerous cities.It occupies an important position in China's economy and is known as China's "Golden Triangle".In the history of low-lying terrain, flood disasters are extremely serious.In order to change this situation, the state has invested in the construction of water conservancy projectsthe Huai RiverTo block the tide in the east, to dig canals, to enhance the capacity of irrigation and drainage, so that this disaster prone area has become an important food production base in the Yangtze Huaihe River basin.[19]
The mineral resources in the Yangtze River Delta are mainly distributed inAnhui、Jiangsu、ZhejiangThree provinces, includingJiangsu、AnhuiIs relatively rich in mineral resources, includingcoal、petroleum、natural gasAnd a large number of non-metallic minerals, as well as a certain number of metal minerals.Zhejiang's mineral resources are mainly non-metallic minerals, which are mostly used for the production of building materials and other purposes.Shanghai is quite poor in mineral resources, with almost no conventional energy. The energy needed depends on the support of other provinces and cities.However, secondary energy production with a certain amount and high quality mainly includes electricity, petroleum products, coking coal and gas (including liquefied petroleum gas).Other energy sources that can be utilized and developed include biogas, wind energy, tide and solar energy.[19]
land resource
The ecosystem types in the Yangtze River Delta are complex and the land cover is diverse.There are 6 major categories and 14 sub categories of main land use types, respectivelyCultivated land(including paddy field and dry land)woodland(including woodland, shrubbery, open woodland and other woodlands)grassland(including high coverage grassland, medium coverage grassland and low coverage grassland)waters(including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, beaches and beaches)land used for building(including urban land, rural residential land and public transport construction land) andUnused land(including bare land and bare rock land), etc.[19]
plant resources
By the end of 2012, the Yangtze River Delta regionVascular plantThere are more than 3200 species, belonging to 205 families and 1006 genera, accounting for 60.3% of vascular plant families, 31.7% of genera and 11.7% of species in China.amongFern34 families, 71 genera, 240 species,seed plant171 families, 938 genera.In seed plantsGymnosperms21 species, 17 genera, 7 families,angiospermThere are more than 2900 species in 921 genera and 164 families, accounting for 51.4% of Chinese seed plant families, 31.8% of genera and 12.2% of species.In particular, there are abundant ancient families, genera and species of relict plants preserved in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Anhui.[19]
population
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By the end of 2019, the Yangtze River Delta has a population of 227 million[4]The Yangtze River Delta is an area where ethnic minorities live in scattered communities, and 56 ethnic groups are complete.
The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is the largest gathering place of migrant population in China, and it is also one of the regions with the highest threshold for migrant population to settle down[20]；By 2016, about 25 million people in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration had not settled in permanent cities[21]。
In 2020, the GDP of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta will reach 24.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 3% over the previous year.The GDP of the Yangtze River Delta accounted for 51.9% of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and 24.1% of the whole country respectively;The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 9798.23 billion yuan, accounting for 30% of the national total;The total import and export volume was 118543.37, accounting for 36.9% of the national total.
The GDP of Jiangsu Province is 10271.9 billion yuan, that of Zhejiang Province is 6461.34 billion yuan, that of Shanghai City is 3870.06 billion yuan, and that of Anhui Province is 386.806 billion yuan;Total retail sales of consumer goods: 3708.61 billion yuan in Jiangsu Province, 2663 billion yuan in Zhejiang Province, 1833.37 billion yuan in Anhui Province, and 1593.25 billion yuan in Shanghai;Import and export: Jiangsu Province 445005 billion yuan, Shanghai 3482.85 billion yuan, Zhejiang 3380.8 billion yuan, Anhui 540.64 billion yuan[60]。
In 2021, the GDP of the Yangtze River Delta will be 27605.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%。[65]
In 2022, the GDP of the Yangtze River Delta will be 29.03 trillion yuan, accounting for about a quarter of the total GDP of the country. The economic volume of all cities in the Yangtze River Delta will reach more than 100 billion yuan[71]。On February 28, 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2022.According to preliminary calculation, the GDP of the Yangtze River Delta in 2022 will be 29028.9 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%.[72]
On February 29, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2023. The GDP of the Yangtze River Delta in 2023 was 30504.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.7%.[83]
Major economic indicators of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta in 2022
primary industry
In 2019, the Yangtze River Delta Green Agricultural Products Production, Processing and Supply Alliance was established in Shanghai.On August 31, 2020, the joint meeting of the Alliance of Green Agricultural Products Production, Processing and Supply Bases in the Yangtze River Delta was held in Huangshan City[22]。On December 13, 2020, the Yangtze River Delta Agricultural and Rural Integration Development Promotion Conference was held in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, and Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, and Anhui Province jointly signed the memorandum on agricultural and rural integration development in the Yangtze River Delta[23]；Establish the Yangtze River Delta Agricultural Innovation Enabling Alliance[24]；On December 30, 2020, the first joint meeting of Yangtze River Delta reclamation area cooperation was held in Hefei[25]。
the secondary industry
The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important bearing areas for the development of China's national industries. Since the 1970s, China's first jetliner Y-10 was born in Shanghai. From Y-10 to the MD8290, including the first C919 large passenger aircraft in 2017, the development of China's civil aircraft and jet aircraft has been concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta[26]。
In September 2020, the three provinces and one city of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shanghai established four Yangtze River Delta industry chain alliances with output value of more than one trillion yuan, namely, the Yangtze River Delta Superconducting Industry Chain Alliance led by Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta Software and Information Service Industry Chain Alliance led by Jiangsu Province, and the Yangtze River Delta Digital Health Industry Chain Alliance led by Zhejiang Province,The Yangtze River Delta Artificial Intelligence Industry Chain Alliance led by Anhui Province[27]。
the service sector; the tertiary industry
The Yangtze River Delta is highly internationalized,China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade ZoneThe construction of platforms for opening up to the outside world has made continuous breakthroughs, and the functions of international trade, shipping, finance and so on have become increasingly perfect. The total volume of imports and exports of goods and the total amount of foreign capital actually utilized accounted for 32% and 55% of China's total respectively (as of the end of 2014).
In 2018, the Yangtze River Delta realized a total tourism revenue of 3.54 trillion yuan, accounting for 69% of the country[28]。In 2019, China's domestic tourism revenue in the Yangtze River Delta will reach 37710.2 billion yuan[29]。
The Yangtze River Delta has a high density of traffic trunk lines, the inter provincial expressways are basically connected, the high-speed railways between major cities are effectively connected, the coastal and riverside coordinated shipping system has initially taken shape, and the regional airport cluster system has basically been established[5]。
The Yangtze River Delta Integrated Demonstration Zone at the junction of Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang operates trans provincial public transport within the Yangtze River Delta on the basis of the original transport cooperation mechanism, plans to build the rail transit line 1 of the demonstration zone, and realizes inter provincial rail transit interconnection;Nanjing and Ma'anshan, two cities at the border of Jiangsu and Anhui, signed the Framework Agreement on the Joint Construction of Jiangning Bowang Cross border Integrated Development Demonstration Zone, and Nanjing Jiangbei New Area and Lai'an County of Chuzhou jointly launched the preparation of the Study on the Land Spatial Planning and Development Strategy of Dingshan Chahe Cross border Integrated Development Demonstration Zone[4]。
By the end of September 2020, the Yangtze River Delta has accumulatively opened 60 inter provincial passenger transport lines adjacent to public transportation, including 19 between Shanghai and Jiangsu, 18 between Jiangsu and Anhui, 9 between Jiangsu and Zhejiang, 9 between Shanghai and Zhejiang, and 5 between Zhejiang and Anhui.The operation mode adjacent to public transportation mainly includes two operation modes, namely, the bus route oriented mode and the bus extension or new operation mode. Among them, there are 12 bus routes oriented mode and 48 bus extension or new operation modes.[31]。
In October 2020, the transportation authorities of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta studied and revised the draft for comments on the inter provincial bus operation service in the Yangtze River Delta.The market supervision department proposed to apply for four regional unified standards, including the Yangtze River Delta Inter provincial Bus Operation Service Specification[32]。
In 2019, the railway network density in the Yangtze River Delta will reach 325 km/10000 square kilometers, 2.2 times the national average[7]。The Yangtze River Delta region accounts for 20% of the country's passenger traffic with 8% of the country's railway operating mileage.In 2019, the annual passenger traffic volume of the Yangtze River Delta Railway accounted for 20.5% of the national railways[33]。
As of June 2020, the Yangtze River Delta has 21 high-speed railway lines with a length of 5306 kilometers, and all provinces and cities in the "three provinces and one city" land area of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui are open to bullet trains[34]。
By the end of 2022, the operating mileage of the Yangtze River Delta railway has reached 13749.7 kilometers, including more than 6700 kilometers of high-speed railway[70]。
Major railways in the Yangtze River Delta
category
Railway line
Ordinary speed railway
Lu Tong Railway
Beijing Shanghai Railway
Lianyungang-Lanzhou Railway
Nanjing Qidong Railway
Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway
zhejiang-jiangxi railway
Hejiu Railway
Tongjiu Railway
Jinwen cargo line
Xinchang Railway
Huainan Railway
Qu'ning Railway
Express railway
Jinwen Railway
Shanghai Suzhou Nantong Railway
Qingyan Railway
Jiujing Quzhou Railway
high-speed railway
Hefei Nanjing Railway
Hefei Wuhan Railway
Ningbo Taizhou Wenzhou Railway
Wenzhou Fuzhou Railway
Beijing Shanghai High speed Railway
Shanghai Nanjing Intercity Railway
Ning'an High speed Railway
Nanjing Hangzhou High speed Railway
Shanghe Hangzhou High speed Railway
Shanghai Kunming High speed Railway
Huai Xiao Bus Connecting Line
Hefei Fuzhou High speed Railway
Hefei Bengbu High speed Railway
Zhengzhou Fuzhou High speed Railway
Hangzhou Huanghua High speed Railway
Xuyan High speed Railway
Lianzhen High speed Railway
Hangzhou Ningbo High speed Railway
Hangzhou Taizhou High speed Railway
Yantong High speed Railway
Line under construction
Hefei Qingdao High speed Railway
Nanjing Huaihua Intercity Railway
North Riverside High speed Railway
Hangzhou Quzhou High speed Railway
Hangzhou Wenzhou High speed Railway
Shanghai Suzhou Lake High speed Railway
Ningbo Zhouzhou Railway
Tongsu Jiayong High speed Railway
Quzhou Lijiang Railway
Jinjian Railway
Jinyong Railway
Chang Jing Huang High Speed Railway
Shanghai Nanjing High speed Railway along the Yangtze River
On December 14, 2020, the National Immigration Administration issued ten new measures to serve and promote the construction of the Yangtze River Delta shipping hub: the border inspection administrative license in the Yangtze River Delta region is "handled in one place and used in the region";Foreign ships moving between ports in the Yangtze River Delta are exempt from the formalities of port entry and exit border inspection;When ships of international voyages enter and leave the ports of the Yangtze River Delta, the border inspection procedures shall be handled at any time;Online forecasting and pre inspection of international navigation ships, and online processing of border inspection administrative permission;If a ship of international voyage berths at the port for a short time and meets the requirements of safety supervision, it shall go through the entry and exit border inspection formalities at one time;For ships on international voyages that depart from domestic ports, do not get on or off at the bonded fuel oil bunkering anchorage in the Yangtze River Delta, but directly leave the country after bunkering the bonded fuel oil, optimize the exit border inspection procedures;During the maintenance period of foreign ships in the Yangtze River Delta, it is convenient for personnel to get on and off the foreign ships, and for ships to catch the foreign ships;Establish a cooperation mechanism between immigration border inspection authorities and port and shipping enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, actively listen to opinions and suggestions, solve problems in a timely manner, and constantly improve management and service levels[35]。
In 2016, the round table meeting of leaders of urban rail transit enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta was established[36]。On December 25, 2019, Changzhou joined the "one code connection" camp of urban rail in the Yangtze River Delta, and the Yangtze River Delta took the lead in realizing the full coverage of the "interconnection" service of regional urban rail QR codes within the range of national rail transit QR codes.[37]In September 2020, the Yangtze River Delta Public Transport Integration Promotion Alliance was established[38]。
The above data only list the completed lines[67-69][79]
Politics
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Leading Group for Promoting the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta: Overall guide and comprehensively coordinate the implementation of the integrated development strategy of the Yangtze River Delta, study and review major plans, policies, projects and annual work arrangements, coordinate and solve major problems, supervise and urge the implementation of major issues, and comprehensively do a good job in the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.Undertake the daily work of the leading group[5]。
Yangtze River Delta Regional Cooperation Office: Responsible for studying and drafting the strategic plan for the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Delta, as well as institutional mechanisms and major policy recommendations, coordinating and promoting important issues and major projects in regional cooperation, and managing the cooperation fund, the Yangtze River Delta website and related publicity work as a whole[39]。
Leaders of the Yangtze River Delta
Leader of the Leading Group for Promoting the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta
In 2019, both the R&D expenditure and the number of effective invention patents in the Yangtze River Delta accounted for about 1/3 of the country, and the R&D intensity in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Hefei exceeded 3%.The science and innovation industry is closely integrated. New technologies such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence are integrated with traditional industries. The scale of integrated circuit and software information service industries accounts for about 1/2 and 1/3 of the country respectively. A number of innovation communities and industrial clusters have been formed in the fields of electronic information, biomedicine, high-end equipment, new energy, and new materials[5]。
In 2020, the Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province announced a total of 77 key points for Zhejiang Province to promote the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta in 2020, including the 17th Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Forum.[43]
On November 17, 2021, the fourth Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Achievements Trade Fair with the theme of "technology enabling, digital intelligence leading" was opened in Jiading, Shanghai.The exhibition groups of four major cities in the Yangtze River Delta region were invited to participate in the exhibition. There were 150 offline exhibitors, a total of five exhibition areas, and more than 40 concurrent events.[62]
In 2021, the number of international scientific and technological papers in the Yangtze River Delta region will reach 26481, an increase of nearly six times over 2011. All 41 cities above prefecture level will be included in the regional scientific research cooperation network.In 2021, the number of patents transferred in the Yangtze River Delta will reach 30968, and 7835 cooperative invention patents, 86 times and 7 times more than that in 2011[77]。
medical and health work
The members of the Collaborative Development Alliance of Urban Hospitals in the Yangtze River Delta have covered 112 tertiary hospitals in 30 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and the consultation and cooperation mechanism for elderly care services has been initially established.In 2019, the insured patients in the Yangtze River Delta region directly settled 236000 person times of cross provincial and cross regional medical treatment, and settled medical expenses of about 5.4 billion yuan[5]。In May 2019, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Provincial Health Commission jointly signed a memorandum of health cooperation among three provinces and one city on the 11th.[44]In June 2020, three provinces and one city signed the Joint Cooperation Agreement on Transfer and Continuation of Trans provincial Basic Medical Insurance Relationship in the Yangtze River Delta.
By the end of May 2020, 1.147 million person times have been settled for outpatient services in different places in the Yangtze River Delta, involving 270 million yuan in medical expenses, and 604000 person times have been settled for inpatients in different places in the Yangtze River Delta, involving 15.14 billion yuan in medical expenses.Residents in three provinces and one city can get medical treatment and settle accounts in real time at outpatient or inpatient clinics of major medical institutions in 41 cities.
As of June 2020, the scope of cross provincial direct settlement of outpatient fees has covered 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta and more than 5600 medical institutions[1]。
education
In December 2019, the Yangtze River Delta region coordinated to promote education integration.[45]According to the list of "double first-class" universities constructed by the Ministry of Education, there are 35 universities in one city and three provinces in the Yangtze River Delta, including 8 "first-class university" construction universities and 27 "first-class discipline" construction universities[46]。
The above data only list "world-class universities and first-class disciplines" universities[47]。
Cultural undertakings
In 2018, during the Yangtze River Delta Cultural Expo, the Yangtze River Delta Red Culture Tourism Regional Alliance, the Yangtze River Delta Cultural and Financial Cooperation Service PlatformYangtze River Delta Cultural Tourism Industry Alliance, Yangtze River Delta e-Sports Industry Education Collaborative Innovation Center, Yangtze River Delta Film and Television Production Base Alliance, Yangtze River Delta XR Creative Media Development Alliance, Yangtze River Delta Animation Industry Cooperation Alliance, Yangtze River Delta Cultural and Creative Special Exhibition Industry Alliance, cultural integration development cooperation projects in the strategic coordination area around Dianshan Lake, etc[48]。
On September 27, 2018, the Yangtze River Delta National Civilized City (District) Cultural Exchange Seminar co sponsored by the Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Civilization Offices was held in Shanghai on September 27.[49]On July 25, 2019, the Guide for Integrated Development and Upgrading of Printing Industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region was released[48]。
May 2023On June 6,The 2022 Research Report on the Development of Regional Innovation Institutions in the Yangtze River Delta was released[78]。
Open cooperation
The Yangtze River Delta has 46 open ports, accounting for 37%, 39% and 29% of the country's total import and export volume, foreign direct investment and foreign investment respectively. In 2018, Shanghai held the first China International Import Expo;establishG60 science and innovation corridorYangtze River Delta Regional Cooperation Mechanism[5]。
ecological environment
In January 2014, the Yangtze River Delta regional air pollution prevention and control cooperation mechanism composed of three provinces, one city and eight national ministries and commissions was officially launched.
In 2019, the water quality of Class III and above accounted for 77% of the 333 national surface water survey sections in the Yangtze River Delta[5]。
In 2020, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in 41 major cities in the Yangtze River Delta will be 35 micrograms per cubic meter;Overall, it has reached the national secondary air quality standard[50]。
Shanghai's culture is called "Shanghai style culture".Its essence is to learn from European and American culture.Shanghai style culture is a unique cultural phenomenon in Shanghai, which is gradually formed on the basis of the traditional culture (Wu Yue culture) in the south of the Yangtze River in China, and has a profound impact on Shanghai after the opening of ports.Shanghai style culture has both the classicality and elegance of Jiangnan culture (Wuyue culture) and the modernity and fashion of international metropolises.Different from other Chinese cultures, it has a unique style of openness and integration.
Wuyue Culture
Wu Yue culture, also known as Jiangsu and Zhejiang culture, is an important part of the Han civilization and the regional culture of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.The Wuyue Cultural Zone is centered on the Taihu Lake basin, and its scope includes modern Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and southern Anhui.Wu Yue culture can be subdivided into "Wu culture" and "Yue culture", both of which come from the same source.
Hui culture
Hui culture is the sum total of material civilization and spiritual civilization of one prefecture and six counties in ancient Huizhou. Its content deeply reveals the civilization of oriental society and culture, and contains the basic content of folk economy, society, life and culture in the late feudal society of China. It is a typical specimen of the late feudal society of China[53]。
famous scenery
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The Yangtze River Delta, known as the "Golden Triangle" of Chinese tourism, receives hundreds of millions of domestic and foreign tourists annually.The number of 5A level scenic spots in the Yangtze River Delta accounts for more than one fifth of the country's total, and star rated hotels account for more than 16% of the country's total[54]。
The Yangtze River Delta region has distinctive cultural characteristics in the south of the Yangtze River, and its tourism resources are highly complementary. It is an important source, destination, and transit place for tourists[55]。In 2011, the joint conference on tourism cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta was established[56]。In May 2019, the culture and tourism departments of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui cooperated to establish the Yangtze River Delta Regional Culture and Tourism Alliance.[57]。On September 12, 2020, the cultural and tourism administrative departments of Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, three provinces and one city, jointly established the "Yangtze River Delta Tourism Promotion Alliance" in Shanghai[29]。
By 2018, there were 54 5A scenic spots in the Yangtze River Delta.Three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region received 2.58 billion tourists[28]。
On December 20, 2021, the first batch of SDGSAT-1 images will be officially released in Beijing, including the Yangtze River Delta.
Low light level remote sensing satellite image of the Yangtze River Delta.[63]
Low light level remote sensing satellite image of the Yangtze River Delta
Note: The image shows the major cities and small and medium-sized cities in the Yangtze River Delta, such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo and Yiwu, as well as facilities such as Zhoushan Green Petrochemical Base, Yangshan Port and Donghai Bridge. For the first time, the high-resolution color twilight data is used to accurately present the night light distribution in the Yangtze River Delta, reflecting the economic development pattern and level of the region.[63]
