Qian Qihu, Han nationality, was born in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province on October 26, 1937,[17-18]Graduated from Gubishev Military Engineering College in Moscow, Soviet Union.[1]Member of the Communist Party of China, expert in protection engineering, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, winner of the highest national science and technology award, professor and doctoral supervisor of the PLA Army Engineering University.[17-18]
Qian Qihu's father died of illness when he was seven years old,[17]It's hard to live on my mother alone.After witnessing the cruel acts of the Japanese invaders, he became more determined to study hard to serve his country.In 1954, Qian Qihu entered Harbin Military Engineering College to study.The next year, he joined the Communist Party of China.In 1960, he graduated and stayed in school to teach.The next year, he went to the Gubishev Military Engineering Institute in the Soviet Union to study underground protection engineering.In 1965, Qian Qihu received an associate doctor's degree and returned home, starting to engage in research and construction of underground protection projects.In 1972, Qian Qihu wrote and published The Weapon Effect and Protection of Underground Engineering, which was praised as the pioneering work of China's underground protection project. Therefore, Qian Qihu was also called the founder of this field by the Ministry of Science and Technology.In 1994, he was selected as one of the first academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.In 2017, he was re employed by the state as a professor and doctoral supervisor of the PLA Army Engineering University to continue training talents.[19]In July 2023, Suzhou Association for Science and Technology hired Qian Qihu as a special consultant.[20]
Qian Qihu devotes himself to the research of protective engineering and technology, and has established a series of protective systems, making pioneering and historic contributions to the development of protective engineering in China.[18]In addition, he has rich scientific research achievements. He has written many works such as "Calculation Principle of Protective Structure", "Greeting the High Tide of Urban Underground Space Development in China", and won many awards such as the "National Highest Science and Technology Award", "National Science and Technology Progress Award", etc.[20]Qian Qihu also won the "August 1st Medal", "National Moral Model" and other titles, and was named "People Who Moved China in 2022" and "Global People in 2022".[18]
On October 26, 1937, Qian Qihu was born on his family's way to escape from disaster. He was named Qian Qihu because he ranked seventh.[21]When he was 7 years old, his father died of tuberculosis, and his mother was the only one in the family who could make a living.[20]As a child, Qian Qihu experienced the brutal atrocities of the Japanese army. He gradually realized that it was very important to have a strong country and a strong national defense.[21]
In 1954, Qian Qihu graduated from the middle school. Due to his excellent performance, he had the opportunity to be selected to the Soviet Union for further study. But at this time, China was in urgent need of military talents. Harbin Military Engineering College had just been established and began to recruit students. Qian Qihu chose to study in the protection engineering major of the engineering department of the school,[21]He became the third student of Harbin Military Engineering College after its establishment.[22]The next year, Qian Qihu joined the Communist Party of China.During his school years, Qian Qihu got excellent grades and went home only once in six years. He was rated as an excellent student every year.In 1960, Qian Qihu graduated as the only excellent student in the whole grade and stayed in the school as a teacher. The next year, Qian Qihu went to the Gubishev Military Engineering Institute of the Soviet Union to study underground protection engineering with the recommendation of the school leader.In 1965, Qian Qihu successfully graduated with an associate doctor's degree. He refused to be retained by his tutor and chose to return to China with good pay.[20]
At the beginning of his return to China, Qian Qihu was notified to report to the Engineering Corps Scientific Research and Design Institute in Beijing, but at this time the newly established Xi'an Engineering Corps Engineering Institute urgently needed teachers, and Qian Qihu was transferred to the school to teach.Because of the sudden change, Qian Qihu's marriage was very hasty.[17]While teaching at Xi'an Engineering Corps Engineering College, he began to study protective engineering.[25]In the 1960s, Qian Qihu successfully developed China's first set of airborne nuclear explosion pressure simulator, designed the largest span and the highest resistance aircraft vault protective door in that period, and won the major scientific and technological achievement award of the 1978 National Science Conference.[24]In 1982, he was transferred to the Nanjing Engineering Corps Engineering College as president and awarded the rank of Major General,[23]In 1983, he served as the former president of Nanjing Engineering Corps Engineering College, and during this period, he first established China's three degrees of freedom soil structure interaction calculation theory and probability design theory of protective structures.[26]
In 1992, Qian Qihu successfully organized and directed the Zhuhai Paotai Mountain explosion, which was called "the best explosion in the world" by the media.In 1994, he was elected the first academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.In 1996, he left his post as President and served as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Science and Technology Committee of the General Staff, and an adviser to the Science and Technology Committee of the General Staff.[26]
Since the late 1990s, Qian Qihu has taken the lead in putting forward innovative ideas such as the development and utilization of underground urban space, the development of urban underground expressways, and underground logistics, in order to prevent and treat "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban waterlogging, taking advantage of the advantages of a large number of academic materials at home and abroad in studying underground projectsPresided over and reviewed the underground space planning of more than 20 key fortified cities nationwide.[27]
Since January 2000, Qian Qihu has concurrently served as the director of the International Urban Underground Space Joint Research Center and the director of Asia[2][4]。In 2002, Qian Qihu proposed to build an underwater tunnel across the Yangtze River. Two years later, he began to implement the project as the director of the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel Expert Committee. In 2010, the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel was officially completed and opened to traffic. Qian Qihu was also awarded the "First Class Meritorious Officer in the Construction of the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel Project" by the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and the Nanjing Municipal Government.[28]In the construction of the undersea tunnel project of the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, Qian Qihu comprehensively considered various factors such as ocean current, surge and settlement, and put forward key proposals.[29]
Qian Qihu won the 2018 National Highest Science and Technology Award
In 2019, Qian Qihu won the 2018 National Highest Science and Technology Award for his contribution to building China's "Underground Steel Great Wall".In 2020, Qian Qihu proposed to use underground space to achieve green development, and proposed to develop and utilize underground space to achieve multiple land use, improve land use efficiency, and meet the requirements of land conservation.[30]In 2021, Qian Qihu served as the director of the Steering Committee for Party Construction of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology.[31]On July 27, 2022, he won the "August 1" medal.[32]On March 4, 2023, Qian Qihu won the title of "People Who Moved China in 2022";[33]On July 10, he was employed as a special consultant by Suzhou Association for Science and Technology in the 2023 Suzhou Summit of International Scientists.[20]
Key achievements
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Scientific research achievements
Military protection engineering
Qian Qihu is committed to national defense scientific research and lays a theoretical foundation for China's defense engineering construction.[34]Since the end of the 1960s, in view of the main threat of nuclear air explosion, Qian Qihu has devoted himself to solving the technical problem of effective battlefield protection, proposed a three degree of freedom model for unsaturated soil, established the calculation theory and design method for the interaction between nuclear explosion load and shallow buried engineering structures in soil, and developed a nuclear explosion simulation test device,Large scale finite element numerical calculation of protective engineering structures was carried out, and light folding field fortifications that could be transported in large quantities and installed quickly were developed. The damage assessment method of civil defense engineering for national defense was established using the system engineering theory, which effectively guaranteed the overall protection efficiency of the project.The achievements were compiled into a number of national military standards and two monographs were published.[35]
Since the 1990s, in view of the rapid development of new types of earth penetrators, Qian Qihu has carried out research on the theory and technology of engineering protection against penetration and explosion effects, proposed a unified physical model of solid elastoplasticity internal friction fluid for penetrating near zone media, established a calculation method for the resistance of protection engineering to high-speed and ultra-high speed earth penetrators, and developed new protective materials and high resistance composite structures,It has been successfully applied to many important military projects.As the first person to complete the project, he won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1998.[35]
Since the 21st century, in view of the new trend of the development of nuclear weapons, Qian Qihu has proposed the development direction of protection engineering deep underground, advocated and carried out research on deep nonlinear rock mechanics and the effect of protection engineering against nuclear weapons drilling damage in China, and formed a nonlinear mechanics theory of deep rock that integrates zonal fracturing, rockburst and large deformation,It fills the gap in the protection calculation theory of deep underground engineering against nuclear weapon penetration and explosion effects, and solves the key technical problems in disaster prevention and control of deep underground engineering construction.As the first person to complete the project, he won the first prize of 2011 National Science and Technology Progress Award.[35]
The expert group led by academician Qian Qihu reviewed the risk assessment and Jintang of the newly-built Ningbo Zhouzhou railway tunnel
In response to the security protection needs of the national major project construction, Qian Qihu proposed to the country and the military a number of strategic suggestions such as the combination of engineering protection and information protection, the construction of deep underground ultra-high resistance protection projects, the simultaneous development of strategic channels, bridges and tunnels, underground energy reserves, and the integrated development of disaster prevention and air defense, which were approved and implemented by the heads of the national ministries and commissions and the military commission.[35]
As the leader of China's defense engineering, Qian Qihu founded the discipline and academic organization of China's defense engineering, trained more than 50 doctors and a large number of high-level young and middle-aged talents, built a national key discipline, a national key laboratory and a national innovative research group, and promoted the resistance level of China's military defense engineering to compete with the precision strike of powerful enemy nuclear weapons and new conventional weapons.[35]
Civil engineering
Qian Qihu, as a member of the expert group, put forward feasibility suggestions for Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, South to North Water Transfer, West to East Gas Transmission, Jinping Hydropower Station, Baihetan Hydropower Station and other projects.It has made plans for the underground space of more than 20 key fortified cities, providing reliable ideas for China's future urban development.[34]
personnel training
In the 1970s, Qian Qihu was appointed to design aircraft hangar doors for the Air Force. In order to train protection engineering professionals, Qian Qihu insisted on compiling the first systematic textbook in this field, Weapon Effects and Underground Engineering Protection, and gave lectures at Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Technology and other schools.[36]
Qian Qihu gives a speech in the "Master Lecture Hall" of Beijing University of Architecture and Architecture
In his 80s, Qian Qihu still insisted on giving lectures, guiding topic selection and writing papers in person.Under his proposal, the team often held "Academic Democratic Life Meeting", and three generations of researchers, old, middle-aged and young, together carried out "brainstorming", "telling failure cases" and other activities.[40]In 2019, Qian Qihu shared his life experience at the Army Engineering University to encourage officers and soldiers to serve the country and strengthen the army.[9]In 2022, Qian Qihu made a report on the theme of "aspire to become a talent and serve the motherland" for students in the "Master Lecture Hall" of Beijing University of Architecture and Construction, and encouraged young students to be diligent, good at learning and working, and cultivate noble sentiments and moral qualities;[41]In September, Qian Qihu taught the "Ideological and Political Course" for more than 500 people, including 2022 freshmen, new teachers, and teachers of the Marxism Institute of China University of Mining and Technology.[42]
Main works
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Qian Qihu has written more than 40 papers, including Comparative Study on Load Theory and Test Results of Shallow Buried Structures under the Condition of Nuclear Explosion and Greeting the High Tide of Urban Underground Space Development in China,[43]He has also written and edited four books, including Civil Defence, Principles of Calculation of Protective Structures, Application of Finite Element Method in Engineering Structure Calculation, and Weapon Effects and Protection.[3]
Representative works
Publication time
Name of work
press
2015
Low carbon Design and Assessment of Urban Underground Space[45]
Tongji University Press
2015
Planning and Design of Underground Storage and Logistics Facilities[44]
Tongji University Press
2009
Calculation Theory of Advanced Protection Structure[46]
Jiangsu Science and Technology Press
2009
Basic Problems of Dynamic Deformation and Failure of Rock Mass[47]
Science Press
2007
Collected Works of Academician Qian Qihu[48]
Science Press
2007
Scientific Development and Utilization of Underground Space[49]
Jiangsu Science and Technology Press
2007
Introduction to Urban Underground Logistics System[50]
People's Communications Press
2002
Underground City[51]
Tsinghua University Press;Jinan University Press
2002
Essentials of Russian Metro Construction[52]
China Railway Publishing House
1996
Civil Defense[53]
National Defense Industry Press
Representative Thesis
time
Thesis Title
Publication
2022
《Spatial Propagation Effects of 3D Cracks on Mechanical Properties of Geomaterials Under Uniaxial Compression by 3D Reconstruction》[54]
《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》
2021
Risk Analysis of Large Diameter Shield Tunneling and Consideration of Challenges to Large Diameter Shield Tunneling[55]
Tunnel Construction (Chinese and English)
2019
Using Underground Space to Help Develop Green Buildings and Green Cities[56]
Tunnel Construction (Chinese and English)
2018
《Safety risk management of underground engineering in China: Progress, challenges and strategies》[57]
《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》
2002
Design Method of Steel Plate Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Bullet proof Layer under Contact Explosion (II)[3]
Explosion and Shock
2001
Stress Strain Relationship of Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete under Uniaxial Compression[3]
Journal of Southeast University
2001
Comparative Test and Analysis of Static and Dynamic Compressive Properties of Ultra short Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete[3]
Concrete and Cement Products
2001
General Conditions and Design Requirements of Metro Construction[58]
Railway Construction Technology
2000
Critical slip field of slope under the framework of strict limit equilibrium method[3]
Journal of Civil Engineering
2000
New Soil Approach for Calculating Earth Pressure Coefficient by Limit Equilibrium Method[3]
Journal of Civil Engineering
1999
Elastic Stress Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Complex Shape Cavern[3]
Rock Mechanics and Engineering News
1999
New Solution for Mapping Function of Complex Shape Cavern[3]
Rock Mechanics and Engineering News
1998
Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Three phase Saturated Soil under Blast Wave[3]
China Abstracts Journal
1998
Greeting the High Tide of Underground Space Development in China[3]
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
1998
Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Three phase Saturated Soil under Blast Wave[3]
China Abstracts Journal
1996
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Granular Media under Stress Wave Action[3]
Explosion and Shock
1995
Study on Dynamic Model of Quasi saturated Soil under Blast Wave[3]
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
1995
Attenuation Law of Explosion Stress Wave Passing through Joint Fracture Zone[3]
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
1995
Research on Elastoplastic Dynamic Constitutive Relationship of Granular Media[3]
Journal of Solid Mechanics
1995
Research on Accuracy of Finite Element Method for Solving Wave Process under Impact Load[3]
Explosion and Shock
1994
Reflection Load of Explosion Wave on Obstacles in Three phase Medium Saturated Water and Soil
Explosion and Shock
1994
Comparative Study on Unloading Theory and Test Results of Shallow Buried Structures under Nuclear Explosion Conditions[3]
Explosion and Shock
1994
Propagation Law of Explosion Wave in Three phase Medium Saturated Water and Soil Free Field[3]
Explosion and Shock
1988
Principles of Civil Air Defense Engineering Planning[3]
General Staff Engineering Department
1985
Dynamic Response Analysis of Shallow Buried Rigid Structures in Soil under Nuclear Explosion Shock Wave[3]
Explosion and Shock
1982
Unloading Wave in Composite Soil Layer of Shallow Buried Structure under Shock Wave Action[3]
Explosion and Shock
1976
Application of Finite Element Method in Engineering Structure Calculation[3]
Discipline Review Group of Academic Committee of the State Council
Convener
Reference source:[6][11]
Personal life
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Qian Qihu and his wife Yuan Hui
Qian Qihu separated from his wife Yuan Hui for 16 years for national defense;In order to compile teaching materials, I didn't have time to tutor my son in the college entrance examination, so my son didn't get into a good university[7-8]。
social activities
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public benefit activities
time
Specific activities
2024
Together with Kunshan Underground Space Technology Research Institute, they donated 1 million yuan to Jinhui Charity Fund, including 500000 yuan donated by Qian Qihu himself.[16]
2023
Donate 1 million yuan to Jinhui Charity Fund to care for children in need who are "actually left alone" and suffering from leukemia[39]
February 2022
Qian Qihu donated 6.5 million yuan to Wuhan in two installments[10]
2019
Donate all the 8 million yuan bonus to Jinhui Charity Fund[39]
2013
Set up "Jinhui Charity Fund" in Kunshan City[38]
Early 1990s
Participated in "Project Hope" donation activities, and successively funded more than 20 poor children in Qinghai, Guizhou and other places to go to school[37]
Du Xiaogang Presents Flowers to Academician Qian Qihu
Other activities
time
Specific activities
December 21, 2023
Participate in CCTV-1 Model 8[15]
September 1, 2022
Attend the first lesson of CCTV1, and give the lecture "Message from the Times"[12]
Character evaluation
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Qian Qihu[14]
Academician Qian Qihu, focusing on the overall situation of national development, not only took the initiative to practice the dream of building a strong military and made outstanding contributions in military engineering, but also bravely played the role of writing the Chinese Dream, played an irreplaceable role as an innovative example in livelihood projects, and devoted a lot of effort to major projects related to the national economy and people's livelihood, such as the South to North Water Diversion Project, the West to East Gas Transmission Project, the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, and the Xiong'an New Area Planning,Write the thesis on the land of the motherland, and apply the lifelong learning to the great cause of socialist modernization without reservation[9]。(Vice President of Chinese Academy of EngineeringZhong ZhihuaComment)
Qian Qihu is a peak in the scientific and technological front, a torch to lead innovation, and a banner to dedicate to a strong army[9]。(Political Commissar of Army Engineering UniversityZhang BiboComment)
At the age of 80, there is a madness of its own, consolidating northern Xinjiang and fighting in the South.Forge swords for several years and build national defense for thousands of miles.Yellow scrolls and blue lanterns bend over books, wear stars and scorching sun.The three foot platform lasted eight thousand days, preaching teachers and educating Confucian generals.Ten steps lead the way, ranking first in China and abroad.All stratagems should be meritorious, casting sharp blades and breaking vajra[5]。(commented by Qian Qihu's student Lv Yaru)
What is security? It is not hiding underground and building a shelter. It is someone who silently blocks his chest in front.What is the achievement? It is not to move mountains and seas, to drill into the earth. It is to struggle for 60 years, to cast a shield. It is to solve the problems of the family, the country and the world, and to have white hair and never regret.（《Moved China》Qian Qihu, 2022's Person of the Year [Award Speech])[13]
Academician Qian is a revolutionary soldier who always keeps an eye on the battlefield and thinks about winning.He always aims at the battlefield, is determined to win, takes knowledge as his duty to serve the country and strengthen the military through science and technology, and is determined to build an indestructible underground steel Great Wall.[24](commented by Wang Jinlong, President of the Army Engineering University)
