Steel structure building is a new type of building systemestate、construction businessThe industrial boundary between metallurgical industries has become a new industrial system, which is the steel structure building system that is widely favored by industry insiders.
Compared with traditional concrete buildings, steel plate or profile steel is used instead ofreinforced concrete, higher strength and better seismic resistance.And because the components can be manufactured in factory and installed on site, the construction period is greatly reduced.becausesteel productsBecause of its recyclability, it can greatly reduce construction waste and become more green and environmentally friendly, so it is widely used in industrial and civil buildings around the world.
The application of steel structure buildings in high-rise and super high-rise buildings has become increasingly mature, and has gradually become the mainstream building technology, which is the development direction of future buildings.
Chinese name
Steel structure building
Foreign name
steel structure
Advantages
Short construction period, good seismic resistance, green and environmental protection
Disadvantages
Heat resistance, non fire resistance and poor corrosion resistance
Steel structure building is based onstructural steelA building that forms a load-bearing structure.Generally, beams, columns, trusses and other components made of section steel and steel plates constitute load-bearing structures.It, together with roof, floor, wall and other enclosure structures, forms a whole plant building.
Structural steel generally refers to hot-rolled formed angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, H-beam, steel pipe, etc.A building whose components form a load-bearing structure is called a steel structure building.In addition, the load-bearing structure buildings formed by the thin steel sheet cold-rolled L-shaped, U-shaped, Z-shaped, tubular and other thin-walled sections with rolled or non rolled edges, as well as its components made with small steels such as angle steel, steel bars, etc., are generally calledLight steel structure building。There are also suspension structure buildings with steel cables, which are also steel structure buildings.
The steel has high strength and elastic modulus, uniform material, good plasticity and toughness, high accuracy, convenient installation, high industrialization and fast construction, but poor corrosion resistance and fire resistance, which requires frequent maintenance.[1]
Advantages and disadvantages
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advantage
1. The construction time is greatly saved, and the construction is not affected by the season
2. Increase the use area of residential space and reduce construction waste and environmental pollution
3. Building materials can be reused to promote the development of other new building materials industries
4. Good seismic performance, easy to transform, flexible and convenient in use, bringing people comfort, etc
5. High strength, light deadweight, high safety margin of components, reducing building cost
6. In line with the national sustainable development strategy, low-carbon, green, environmental protection, energy conservation and other industries are key industries supported by the state
shortcoming
Since the land resources are not renewable, the Ministry of Construction has ordered to ban the use of traditional clay bricks. At the same time, China's steel output has reached 1 billion tons, and the serious oversupply has forced steel enterprises to find another way to introduce foreign matureSteel structure residenceThe construction system has also found a new way for the construction industry and the steel industry. Therefore, steel mills and building materials enterprises are in the forefront of steel structure residential buildings.
2. It is vulnerable to corrosion, and the surface needs to be coated with anti-corrosion paint to reduce or avoid corrosion and improve the durability
development
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example
Compared with brick concrete structure buildings, steel structure buildings have obvious advantages in environmental protection, energy conservation, high efficiency and factory production.Shenzhen is 325 meters highDiwang Building421m high in Pudong, ShanghaiJinmao Tower, BeijingJingguang Center、Bird's Nest, CCTV new buildingThe water cubeLarge buildings such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia have all adopted steel structuresSteel structure residenceAmong the pilot projects, Beijing Jinchen Apartment has been listed as the residential steel structure system demonstration project of the Ministry of Construction.High rise steel structureBuildings are not uncommon. People expect that the 21st century will be a century of metal structures, and steel structures will become the backbone of the new architectural era.People began to use pig iron in the 1770s, and began to use wrought iron to build bridges and houses in the early 19th century. The history of steel structure development is more thanreinforced concrete structure It has a long history of development and its vitality is becoming stronger and stronger.stayU.S.A，Low rise buildingFor example, more than 70% of the non residential building market below two floors are buildingsMetalware。101 completed buildings in the worldSuper high-rise buildingAmong them, there are 16 reinforced concrete structures, 59 pure steel structures and 27 mixed steel concrete structures of different forms;It can be seen that the development of steel structure will promote the rapid development of construction, metallurgy, machinery, automobile, agriculture, petroleum, commerce and transportation.
Asia's largest steel structure botanical museum——On January 23, 2013, the main body of the Botanical Museum of Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition was capped, and its shape was designed as a leaf.Located in Baiguo Mountain Forest Park to the north of Tianshui Road, the botanical garden project covers an area of 2.44 hectares, with a total construction area of 22749 square meters, including 13522 square meters of aboveground construction area and 9227 square meters of underground construction area. It is one of the largest steel structure botanical gardens in Asia, with a total project cost of 293 million yuan。
Because its shape is in the shape of leaves, the required steel structure is about 3000 tons, more than 14000 rods are assembled, the total weld length is more than 17000 meters, and more than 15000 pieces of special glass, so the construction is difficult and the process is extremely strict.The on-site splicing and welding of structures are extremely heavy, and the lifting is extremely difficult. The total length of steel structure welds spliced on site alone is more than 17000 meters, which is equivalent to the welding amount of 10000 tons of conventional steel structure projects.
advantage
The "unit weight to strength ratio" of steel is generally smaller than that of wood, concrete and masonry, so the steel structure is relatively light, 30% - 50% lighter than that of reinforced concrete structure;In addition, the steel structure has a small section, which can increase the effective building area by about 8% compared with the reinforced concrete structure.Built in China at the beginning of the 20th centurySonghua RiverSteel truss bridgeYellow River Bridge、Shanghai International HotelSteel structure is adopted;After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of steel structures for civil high-rise buildings in China has been further accelerated, and Beijing has accounted for six of the dozen high-rise steel structures in the country:Jingguang Center(208 m high)Capital Mansion (182 m high)International Trade Building or Cetra Building(155.2m high)Changfugong Hotel(90.9m high)Shangri-la Hotel (82.7m high)ICBCHead office (48.3m high), as well as under constructionThe National Grand TheaterEngineering.Hundreds of airports across the country will be designed to use steel structures to speed up construction and increase space.It can be seen that the high-speed development of economy requires steel structures.
Basic conditions
The policy and technical conditions have been met.At the beginning of the year, the Ministry of ConstructionState Bureau of Metallurgical IndustryJointly organize the technical coordination group of construction steel to formulate the "Tenth Five Year Plan" and 2015 Development Plan Outline of National Construction Steel Structure Industry.The outline clearly states that the steel structure has a series of advantages such as high strength, light deadweight, good seismic performance, fast construction speed, low foundation cost, small floor area, high degree of industrialization, beautiful appearance, etc. In addition, the steel structure building also has a good sense of space, which can be designed as a large number of open offices around the sky gardenThe central courtyard and reasonable elevator design can achieve the lowest energy consumption.Therefore, the steel structure is also an environment-friendly and energy-saving building structure.Compared with concrete structure, it is environmentally friendly, reusable and easy to be industrialized. Steel structure is widely used in housing construction in developed countries.Financial StreetIt is the most modern block in Beijing. In view of the above advantages of steel structure housing, as the onlyUpscale apartmentIn order to create a more comfortable sense of space and save energy, Jinchen Apartment was designed as a high-grade steel structure residence, and was rated as the first residential steel structure system demonstration project of the Ministry of Construction in Beijing after the outline was released, which is also the only one in BeijingSmall high-riseSteel structure residential project.
Basics
The increase of steel products and construction steel products has laid a good foundation for the development of steel structures.From 1996, the steel output of China exceeded 100 million tons, and China has become a major steel country in the world. As the country pays close attention to the progress of metallurgical science and technology in the 21st century, and improves the technical level and assembly level of China's steel industry, China is expected to become a world steel power around 2020.H-shaped steel that could not be produced for a long time in the past can be used in "Masteel"“Laigang”AndAnshanThe first rolling mill has produced.The maximum section of H-shaped steel has reached 700mm, and the annual production capacity can reach 1.4 million tons,Light steel structureThe annual production capacity of color steel plates used has reached 700000-900000 tons,Cold formed steelThe annual production capacity is about 1.2 million tons.This laid the foundation for the development of steel structure buildings.During the "Tenth Five Year Plan" period, the development goal of building steel structure is to strive to reach 3% of the total steel output of the country for building steel structure every year.The development goal of building steel structure in 2015 is to strive for 6% of the total steel consumption of building steel structure in China every year.It can be seen that the development of building steel structure in China will reach a new level.Efficient welding process and application of new welding and cutting equipment.Such as double sided forming monofilament andMulti wire submerged arc welding, double wire rapid welding production line on both sides of gantry I-beam, various CNC flame machines andLaser cutting machineIt creates good conditions for efficient production of steel structures and high-quality products.Use of efficient welding materials, such as gas shielded welding and self shielded weldingFlux cored wireAnd various high-efficiency welding rods, which will account for about 40% of the total production of welding materials by 2005;Friction type strong bolts and the use of torque automatic control methods, as well as the development of new processes and new materials such as corrosion prevention and fire prevention, are further developedSteel structure worksGood conditions have been created.
Development mode
Energy saving, high efficiency, environmental protection and industrialization.In the later years of the 20th century, China's urban housing constructionfloor space completedThe construction of 440 million square meters with a total output value of 600 billion yuan (about 9% of GDP) has developed rapidly, and the housing industry has become a new growth point in the national economy in the new century.To realize the modernization of the housing industry and solve the problems of low industrialization level, low component rate, low grade of residential materials, low service life, high energy consumption of solid clay bricks, which are not conducive to environmental protection in the housing construction, have been listed as the problems to be solved urgently in the new century.China's construction industry requires the whole industry to study the new system of steel structure applied in various buildings, expand its application scope, and develop multi-storey steel structure buildings.Internationally, American designers and structural engineers attach great importance to the study of metal structures and their durability, practicality and economy. European experts put forward that steel structures have the conditions for green buildings, that is, buildings conducive to environmental protection and energy conservation.They believe that metal structure buildings have a good sense of space and can achieve innovative planning and space design. Buildings should not only live and use, but also create more comfortable space for people and save energy.In 1998, Japan produced 59 million tons of steel, 13% of which was used for building structures. Steel structure residential buildings accounted for a large proportion of the steel used for building structures, and Hong Kong is full of high-rise buildings.Taiwan EarthquakeIt is obvious that steel structure buildings are superior toReinforced concrete building；Seen from the earthquake damage, generalMulti-storey residentialBasically all of them collapsed to flat ground, but the steel structure houses did not collapse, so the Taiwan authorities requiredMultistory houseAll buildings shall be of steel structure.China's multi-storey housing andSmall high-rise residenceThe pilot project of steel structure was started in Tianjin.Tianjin adopts three schemes with different structures, different wall materials and different construction methods.Start a pilot project with an area of more than 200000 square meters.One is to use square steel tube concrete columnLarge bayStructural form;The second is steel truss structure;Third, useConcrete filled steel tubeStructural form.The steel consumption per square meter of three structures is less than that of reinforced concrete structures.In Qingdao, Shanghai and Xinjiang, housing projects of a certain area are listed for pilot projects.As China's "steel residence" has just started, many structures cannot be mass produced. Therefore, steel structures are more expensive than concrete structures.The construction unit of Beijing Jinchen Apartment has calculated that although the price of steel structure is relatively high in general, the comprehensive cost is not high due to the short construction period, low energy consumption, high utilization rate and improved quality. At the same time, since this is the first demonstration project of steel structure residence in Beijing, the suppliers provide steel structure components at the most favorable price,The total cost is similar to that of concrete structure.
prospect
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After China's annual steel output exceeded 100 million tons, the price of steel fell from the price in 1995. For example, the cost of steel structure fabrication and installation (including materials, fabrication, transportation and installation) increased from 9000-10000 yuan/ton in 1995 to 5000-6000 yuan/ton at the end of 2000.In order to welcome the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing will spend 180 billion yuan in the next few years on the reconstruction of sports venues, urban infrastructure construction, and the construction of a number of high-grade residential buildings and high-end hotelsSeismic fault zoneThe middle is the 8 degree earthquake fortification area.Therefore, there is no doubt that steel structure buildings will become the future buildings in Beijingmain stream。
