Acupuncture and Moxibustion

A subject of traditional Chinese medicine

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Science of acupuncture and moxibustion is based on TCM Theory For guidance, it is a discipline to study the meridians, acupoints and acupuncture methods, and explore the laws of acupuncture and moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Chinese name: Acupuncture and Moxibustion^[1]
Foreign name: Science of acupuncture and moxibustion
Author: Zhong Yuanming 、 Wang Yinping
Publication time: June 1, 2009
press: Southeast University Press
ISBN: nine trillion and seven hundred and eighty-seven billion five hundred and sixty-four million one hundred and sixteen thousand eight hundred and eleven

Pricing: 38 yuan
Folio: 16 ON
Principle: TCM Theory
Time of origin: Primitive society
Features: Wide indications, significant curative effect, convenient application, etc
Origin: chinese medicine

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Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy has the advantages of wide indications, significant curative effect, convenient application, economic safety, etc. It has been welcomed by the people for thousands of years, and has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

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Acupuncture Bronze Man

Acupuncture has a long history. According to textual research, it originated in China Primitive society Of clan commune Institutional period. China has had it since 4 million years ago human activity , entered the clan commune system about 40000 years ago, and has continued to 4000 years ago. In this era, the ancestors used stone tools as their main production and living tools, so archaeology Is called Stone Age 。 From ancient times to 10000 years ago Paleolithic Age From 10000 years ago to 7000 to 8000 years ago Mesolithic Age From 7000 to 8000 years ago to 4000 years ago, it was the Neolithic Age. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy was probably born in the Neolithic Age. There are some legendary materials about the origin of acupuncture in ancient books, all referring to this era. As tranquil as Huangfu《 Imperial century 》It is recorded in: too howling Fuxi It is made by tasting hundreds of herbs Nine Needles ”， Luobi 《 History of roads 》It was said that Taihao Fuxi "tasted grass to cure Bian and to cure people's diseases". You Huangfu Mi《 Acupuncture and moxibustion A and B meridians ·The preface says:“ Yellow Emperor seek the opinion of Qibo 、 Bogao ， Shaoyu The disciples... How can the needle be created? "Sun Simiao said in his Preface to Prepare for a Thousand Golden Prescriptions:" The Yellow Emperor was ordered to create nine needles. ".

technique

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acupuncture

Originating from the Neolithic Age, it can also be demonstrated from the original acupuncture tools. In ancient books more than 2000 years ago, it is often mentioned that the original acupuncture tools are stone tools, called Bian Stone. Such as《 Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals 》It is mentioned in a section of historical data collected in 550 BC“ The beauty is not as good as the evil stone ”，《 shanhaiching 》It is recorded that "there is a stone like jade in the Gaoshi Mountain, which can be used as a motto."《 Plain question ·On the Complete Form of Baoming; "Making Bian stone is small and big", etc. These are the evidences of ancient people's treatment of diseases with Bian stone. Bian stone therapy was originally used to puncture abscess, and then to puncture collaterals and purge blood. Our country has Inner Mongolia Duolun County A piece of 4.5 cm The long needle stone has a flat curved edge at one end, which can be used to cut the abscess, and the other end is in the shape of a pyramid, which can be used to bleed. In Shandong Province Rizhao City In a tomb in the late Neolithic Age, two Bian stones were also found buried, with the length of 8.3cm-9.1cm, and the tip of the pyramid and cone, which can be used for bleeding and reconciliation Meridian qi 。 The discovery of Bian stone provides strong evidence that acupuncture originated in the Neolithic Age.

Acupuncture and moxibustion at hand points

Bian stone therapy

It comes from the ethnic groups living on fishery in the eastern coastal areas of China. According to Su Wen · On the Suitability of Different Methods, "The people eat fish and are fond of salt. They are all safe in their places and enjoy their food. Fish makes people Hot 。 Salt is better than blood. Therefore, its people are all black, and its diseases are carbuncles and ulcers, which should be treated by Bian stone. Therefore, Bian stone also comes from the east. " The "East" here is equivalent to China Shandong One Belt. In recent years, a group of Han people with needle needle as the theme have been found in Shandong Province Relief stone , half a man is carved on the relief stone Half bird The magic doctor of Xing is treating people with stone needle or fine needle. The bird shape obviously originated from the totem worship of primitive clans, and the stone relief reflects the legend of the origin of needle needle in ancient times.

Moxibustion

It also originated from the period of clan commune system in primitive society. According to the record in Suwen · Theory on the Suitability of Different Methods, "The north is the place where heaven and earth are closed. It is cold and cold in Gaoling, and milk is eaten in the folk music. The Tibetan cold is full of diseases, and moxibustion is suitable for treatment. So moxibustion is also from the north." This record shows that the discovery of moxibustion is closely related to the habits of life in cold and cold environments. People living in the north of the primitive society could not live without a fire for heating. In addition, their living habits of living in the wild and feeding milk easily made them prone to abdominal cold pain, fullness and other diseases, which was very suitable for Hyperthermia 。 Therefore, through long-term accumulated experience, moxibustion and ironing therapy were invented. According to the investigation, the ancestors drilled wood to make fire or beat Flint In making fire, moxa wool is often used as kindling material. Bone divination, which originated in the late primitive society, also uses moxa wool to burn animal bones. It is obvious that this method of ignition with moxa wool provides for the invention of moxibustion necessary condition 。

Formation of theoretical system

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From the Warring States Period to Qin and Han Dynasties During the period, the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic (abbreviated as《 Internal meridian 》） be published in book form As a sign, the physicians at this time not only have built a theoretical framework with collateral theory as the core, but also have effectively used acupuncture, moxibustion and other techniques to prevent and treat diseases, and are good at combining theory with practice. They have constantly developed and updated theory in practice, initially forming a unique theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion with principles, methods, prescriptions, acupoints and techniques as a whole.

Acupuncture and Moxibustion

From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, China slave society stride into feudal society , productivity improvement and social system And the progress of various academic ideas, Ancient Philosophy The influence of acupuncture and moxibustion has promoted the deepening of acupuncture and moxibustion from practical experience to theoretical height. Acupuncture tools have developed from stone needle, bone needle and bamboo needle to metal needle, thus expanding Acupuncture therapy Range of application. According to《 Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals 》It is recorded that Yi Yan and Yi He were good at acupuncture and moxibustion during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Pre Qin famous doctor Flat magpie (Qin and Yue people) is administering to Crown Prince Guo Necrotic syncope At that time, he asked his disciple Ziyang to take over the Three Yang and Five Meeting to revive the crown prince, and made his disciple Zibao to iron medicine under his two threats, while the crown prince sat up. It proves that needle needling, fire moxibustion, medicinal ironing, etc All have It is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In 1973, there were two kinds of ancient books on the meridians in the medical silk books unearthed from the No. 3 Han Tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, which recorded the circulation, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of eleven meridians. According to the naming characteristics of foot arm, yin and yang, it is called "Foot Arm Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Meridian" and "Yin Yang Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Meridian", which reflects the early appearance of the meridian theory, the core theory of acupuncture and moxibustion.

《 Internal meridian 》The coming out of was the inevitable result of the development of medicine from the Pre Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty. This book was written from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was still revised and supplemented from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. 《 Internal meridian 》Including Plain Questions and《 Lingshu 》Two parts, 18 volumes in total, 162 articles. On the basis of previous literature, it takes Yin and Yang, five elements, zang fu organs, meridians, acupoints, spirit, qi and blood, body fluid, etc. as examples fundamental theory , mainly acupuncture and moxibustion medical technology , using atheism The viewpoint, holistic viewpoint, development and change viewpoint, and the viewpoint corresponding to the human body and the nature discussed the physiology, pathology, diagnosis essentials and principles of disease prevention and treatment of the human body Fundamentals of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Among them, the acupuncture theory contained in Lingshu is more abundant and systematic, so Lingshu is also called "Acupuncture Classic".

《 Internal meridian 》Especially brilliant exposition of the meridian theory, not only Twelve Meridians It is clearly recorded that the collaterals belong to the zang fu organs and their main diseases and syndromes Eight Extra Meridians 、 Twelve Classics 、 Fifteen parting collaterals 、 Twelve meridian tendons 、 Twelve skin parts The trend, distribution, function and Meridian system dependent Root knot , specimens, Qijie, Sihai, etc. 《 Internal meridian 》There are also many discussions on acupoint theory, including the names of about 160 commonly used acupoints Specific acupoint The theoretical explanation is more detailed, especially for Five Shu Points The theoretical explanation is relatively comprehensive. also Original acupoint 、 Lower confluent point 、 Fifteen collateral points , five internal organs Back shu They are also described. 《 Internal meridian 》The description of needling is detailed, Reinforcing and reducing manipulation The Supplementing and reducing along with meeting 、 Xu disease reinforcing and reducing 、 Breathing reinforcing and reducing 、 Opening, closing, reinforcing and reducing Etc. In terms of treatment, treatment principles such as“ If it is full, it will purge ， Make up for deficiency ”。 Acupoint selection There are many specific methods for acupoint matching, such as Shu Mu acupoint combination method , remote acupoint selection, etc. 《 Internal meridian 》More than one hundred diseases have been recorded, most of which are treated with acupuncture.

《 Dysmenorrhea 》It is a film that can《 Internal meridian 》The comparable classical medical books are said to be from Qin and Yue（ Flat magpie ）Done. The book is brief in content and subtle in analysis, further enriching and enriching the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion. About Eight Extra Meridians And the discussion of natural gas《 Internal meridian 》Deficiency. At the same time, it is also proposed that Bahui acupoint , and press Five Elements Theory A detailed explanation was given. invention Syndrome differentiation of six meridians Of Zhang Zhongjing , in his book《 Treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases 》In addition to leaving many brilliant examples in the aspect of prescriptions and medicines, he also has many unique insights and contributions in the academic field of acupuncture and moxibustion. In his works, there are 69 articles directly related to acupuncture and moxibustion, advocating the combination of acupuncture and medicine and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Lost《 Key Points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Mingtang Acupoint 》(i.e《 Huangdi Mingtang Sutra 》）It should be a monograph on acupoints in this period. with Surgery World-famous Hua Tuo He is also good at acupuncture and moxibustion, and founded the famous“ Huatuo Jiaji Point ”He is the author of Moxibustion in the Pillow and Acupuncture Sutra (lost). Three Kingdoms Cao Xi Good at moxibustion, written《 Cao's Moxibustion Meridian 》, unfortunately lost.

Development of theoretical system

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Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, from Sui, Tang to Five Dynasties, lasted more than 700 years. The theory and technology of acupuncture and moxibustion have been improved with the development of politics, economy and culture in this period. Many famous doctors' works have appeared, which has promoted acupuncture and moxibustion Theoretical system Development of.

Acupuncture and moxibustion point map

Weijin Huangfu Mi Between Wei Ganlu (AD 256~260)《 Plain question 》、《 Lingshu 》And《 Key Points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Mingtang Acupoint 》The contents of acupuncture and moxibustion in the three books are summarized into one, and the essence is selected to compile《 Acupuncture and moxibustion A and B meridians 》。 The book is divided into 12 volumes and 128 chapters, with a total of 349 acupoints Pulse examination 、 Acupuncture and moxibustion It was compiled in the order of acupuncture treatment of clinical diseases and syndromes, and became the earliest acupuncture book with a relatively complete system《 Internal meridian 》Later, another summary of acupuncture and moxibustion played a role of connecting the past and opening the future in the development history of acupuncture and moxibustion. Ge Hongzhuan, a famous doctor in the Jin Dynasty《 Elbow backup emergency square 》There are 109 acupuncture prescriptions recorded, 99 of which are moxibustion prescriptions, thus Moxibustion It has been further developed. His wife Bao Gu He is also good at moxibustion. From the end of Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Xu Xi A family that has been skilled in medicine for generations, Xu Qiufu 、 Xu Wenbo and Xu Shuxiang They are all famous figures in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Famous Doctors from Sui Dynasty to Early Tang Dynasty Screening power and Sun Simiao They are proficient in various branches of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhen Quan has written "Acupuncture Prescription", "Acupuncture Classic Notes" and《 Figure of Mingtang Hall 》Etc. Sun Simiao wrote Prepare for Emergency A golden prescription 》And《 Golden Wing Square 》Waiting for books, first published Ashi point Law and Dimensioning method , widely received Previous generation Acupuncture and moxibustion of each family clinical experience , and drew the Painting of Three People in Mingtang Twelve Meridians Made in five colors, Eight Extra Meridians Take green as it is, three people Cavity A total of 650 acupoints ", which became the earliest colored meridian and acupoint map (lost) in history. In addition, the Tang Dynasty Yang Shangshan On《 Huangdi Mingtang Sutra 》On the basis of《 Yellow Emperor's Inner Sutra Hall 》The acupoints are listed according to the order of the twelve meridians and the eight odd meridians. Wang Tao Edited《 Secret of the Outer Stage 》, collected a large number of moxibustion methods of various schools. During this period, there were also works on special diseases, such as Tang Dynasty· Cui Zhiti "Moxibustion Prescription for Bone Steaming Disease" of consumption method; The New Collection of Emergency Moxibustion Scriptures published before 862 AD is the earliest in China Block Printing His medical book is devoted to moxibustion for acute syndrome. Tang Dynasty Imperial Medical Department In charge of medical education, there are four Medical specialty And a pharmacy Major, acupuncture is one of the medical majors“ Doctor Zhen One person, Needle teaching assistant One person, ten acupuncturists, twenty acupuncturists and twenty acupuncturists. " For acupuncturology Schooling It is a pioneer.

Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties Typography The wide application of medical literature It has accelerated the spread and development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Famous acupuncturist Wang Yiyi With the support of the Northern Song Dynasty government, the location and meridians of 354 acupoints were revised, and the main symptoms and syndromes of acupoints were added. It was written in 1026 AD《 Bronze Man Acupuncture and Moxibustion Diagram and Manual 》, Engraving Monument , issued by the government. In A.D. 1027, two bronze models designed by Wang Yiyi were made, with channels and acupoints carved on the outside and viscera embedded inside for teaching and examination Acupuncturist Use. Southern Song Dynasty An acupuncturist of Wang Zhizhong By《 Zisheng Meridian of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 》, attaching importance to practical experience, which has great influence on later generations. Famous medical scientist in Yuan Dynasty Slippery longevity , examining the meridian circulation and its relationship with acupoints, in the Yuan Dynasty Kutai must be strong Compiled on the basis of Jinlan's Diagram of Acupoint Selection along Meridians《 Fourteen meridians Play ", taking the post for the first time Governor vessel and Twelve Meridians It is also called "fourteen meridians", which further develops the theory of meridians and acupoints. During this period, there were many famous doctors who were good at acupuncture and moxibustion, and their works were quite rich《 Preparation of acute moxibustion 》、《 Mysterious Moxibustion of Carbuncle 》The publication of books such as Cursive Acupoint Moxibustion marked the in-depth development of acupuncture in various departments. Early Southern Song Dynasty Xi Hong All generations have specialized in acupuncture and moxibustion, and the handed down Xi Hongfu pays special attention to Needling method 。 Simultaneous Sinus material By《 Bian Que Heart Book 》The burning moxibustion method is highly recommended, with each moxibustion dozens or even hundreds of strong. At that time, Yang Jie and Zhang Ji observed the autopsy in person, and advocated using anatomy Knowledge guides the selection of acupuncture points. He Ruoyu and Writing in Jin Dynasty《 Meridian Flowing Needle Meridian 》Of Yan Mingguang , advocate on time Acupoint selection method 。 Famous doctors in Jin and Yuan dynasties Dou Hanqing Both respected Meridian streamer , and advocate Eight method streamer , take acupoints on time, he compiled《 Biao You Fu 》Yes Acupuncture song fu A famous article in.

Acupuncture and moxibustion is based on TCM Theory For guidance, use acupuncture And moxibustion to prevent and treat diseases. It is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, including meridians, acupoints, acupuncture methods, clinical treatment, acupuncture medical classics, experimental acupuncture, etc.

Acupuncture and moxibustion have Indications Wide, obvious curative effect, convenient operation, economic safety and other advantages, it has been widely accepted for thousands of years working people Welcome to Chinese nation Has made great contributions to the prosperity of.

Acupuncture and moxibustion is a kind of medicine created and developed by the working people and medical experts of all previous dynasties in the long-term struggle against diseases. It has a long history and its origin is difficult to examine, but from the literature records unearthed relic 、 Law of social development Such exploration has sprouted long before the creation of characters.

According to the Soul Pivot, Nine Needles and Twelve Plains, "It's useless not to be poisoned if you want more." Bian stone , want to Microneedle It can be seen that the predecessor of needle is Bian stone. "Shuowen Jiezi" records: "Bian, stone stabs the disease."《 Mountain and Sea Classic · East Mountain Classic 》：“ Gaoshi Mountain There are many jades on it, but there is no jade on it stone probes or needles ”。 Guo Pu Note: "It can be used to treat the pain and swelling of the patient with the hammer (needle)". This is Bian technique Earlier records. The ancients lived in the land of flood and famine. They fought with birds and beasts, and could not be free from disease. When they get sick, they will instinctively use their hands or Flake Touching and massaging a part of the body surface can sometimes relieve the disease. Through long-term experience accumulation, the method of Bian stone treatment is gradually formed. In 1963, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Duolun The flag head is hollow Neolithic Age A ground one was unearthed from the site Stone stylus According to the appraisal, it is believed that it is the original tool of acupuncture, Bian Stone. Therefore, the origin of Bian stone can be traced back to the Neolithic Age 10000 to 4000 years ago, or even earlier.

along with Metallurgy The invention of, Needle set It has also been continuously improved to《 Internal meridian 》It was only in the time of writing that the ancient stone needles Bone acupuncture 、 Bamboo needle And changed to Copper needle 、 Iron needle , Golden Needle Silver needle The needle made of metal, etc., has replaced the stone needle method until now Stainless steel needle 。 In 1978, in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dalat Banner One of the unearthed cultural relics of Shulin Zhaogong Du was found for the first time“ Bronze Bian Needle ”。

1968 in Hebei Mancheng County The excavated tomb of Liu Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty contains nine gold and silver medical needles. The production is quite fine, which proves the continuous progress of metal needles.

Moxibustion came into being after the discovery and use of fire. People found that the pain of a certain part of the body was felt comfortable or relieved by the fire. Through long-term practice, moxibustion was formed from various branches to moxibustion. The Simple Questions · Theory of the Suitability of Different Methods says: "The Tibetan cold is full of diseases, and its treatment is appropriate Moxibustion 。” That is to say, with the progress of medicine in later generations, it has developed into a variety of moxibustion methods.

Due to the gradual reform of acupuncture and moxibustion equipment and materials, the scope of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment has been expanded, the therapeutic effect has been improved, and the development of acupuncture and moxibustion science has been effectively promoted.

Acupuncture and moxibustion at foot points

The development of acupuncture and moxibustion has gone through a long process. In Hunan in 1973 Changsha Among the medical silk books unearthed from the 3rd Han Tomb in Mawangdui, there are two kinds of books on ancient meridians, namely“ Moxibustion Meridians of Eleven Meridians of Foot and Arm ”、“ Yin Yang Eleven Meridians Moxibustion ”。 It describes the circulation distribution, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of the Shiyi pulse. According to preliminary research, his works are older than《 Inner Canon of Huangdi 》， Meridian theory We can see the early appearance of.

The Huangdi Internal Classic has a detailed discussion on the meridians, acupoints, acupuncture and moxibustion methods, as well as indications and contraindications《 Lingshu 》The acupuncture theory contained in the book is more abundant and systematic, so Lingshu is also called "Acupuncture Classic". It can be seen that acupuncture and moxibustion science was relatively mature at that time, which laid a theoretical foundation for the development of acupuncture and moxibustion science in later generations.

The earliest existing acupuncture monograph except《 Lingshu 》First promoted by Huang Fumi of the Jin Dynasty《 Acupuncture and moxibustion A and B meridians 》。 Author Reference《 Internal meridian 》Mingtang Kongxue Zhiyao discusses the theory of viscera and meridians, describes the fu points according to the head, face, chest, abdomen, back and other positions, develops and determines the location, indications and operation of 349 points on the basis of Neijing, and introduces acupuncture techniques, taboos and treatment of common diseases. This is the following《 Internal meridian 》Later, another summary of acupuncture and moxibustion played a connecting role in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion. There are 109 prescriptions for acupuncture and moxibustion included in "Reserve Emergency Prescriptions" written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 99 of which are moxibustion prescriptions, which has aroused people's attention to moxibustion, making moxibustion and acupuncture developed as well. Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty explained the selection and application of "Ashi acupoint" in "Thousand Golden Prescriptions", and drew the "Three People in Mingtang Hall", which divided the front, back and side of the human body Twelve Meridians ， Eight Extra Meridians Painted in different colors, especially the method of moxibustion to prevent diseases, has made contributions to preventive medicine.

Later, Wang Tao wrote《 Secret of the Outer Stage 》The comprehensive introduction of moxibustion plays an active role in promoting moxibustion. Sui and Tang Dynasties“ Imperial Medical Department ”, in charge medical education Acupuncture and moxibustion became one of the specialized disciplines, with doctors, assistant professors and acupuncturists working in teaching, which shows the importance attached to acupuncture and moxibustion at that time. Northern Song Dynasty Wang Yiyi compiled the "Bronze Man Acupuncture and Moxibustion Diagram", which described the meridians, acupoints and other contents, and verified 354 acupoints. The book was once carved on a stone tablet and set up in Bianjing (now Henan Kaifeng ）For the learners of acupuncture to print and read. The next year, two bronze figures were designed and cast, which is the earliest in China Acupuncture model , for identification Acupoints And teaching. Hua Biren of the Yuan Dynasty believed that Ren and Du Although it is an extraordinary sutra, there are special acupoints, which should be discussed together with the twelve meridians. It can be summarized as fourteen meridians《 Exert the Fourteen Classics 》This paper systematically expounds the route of the meridians and related fu points, which is very beneficial to the study of the meridians by later generations. The Ming Dynasty witnessed the flourishing development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Yang Jizhou On the basis of the family heirloom "Mysteries of Hygienic Acupuncture and Moxibustion", we collected the acupuncture works of previous dynasties and wrote《 Acupuncture and moxibustion 》, rich in content, following《 Internal meridian 》、《 Class-A and Class-B 》After that, another summary of acupuncture and moxibustion was made. Until today, it is still the main reference book for studying acupuncture and moxibustion. At that time, Chen Hui《 God response sutra 》, Xu Feng's《 A Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 》， Gao Wu Of《 Acupuncture and moxibustion Juying Play ", Wang Ji Of《 Acupuncture and moxibustion 》、 Li Shizhen Of《 Research on the Eight Meridians of Qi Jing 》And so on. Each school has its own advantages, forms different schools, contends with each other, and promotes the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. In the Qing Dynasty, although there were Wu Qian Yi Zong Jin Jian Acupuncture and Moxibustion Mental Skill and Liao Runhong The book "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Integration" and other books were published, but there were few new meanings. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, acupuncture and moxibustion had declined.

Although acupuncture and moxibustion medicine, which has been popular for thousands of years, has been developing continuously, its speed is relatively slow due to the limitation of historical conditions, especially in the Qing Dynasty ruling class Be bound by feudal ethics In 1822, it was ordered to stop with the absurd reason of "acupuncture and fire moxibustion are not suitable for the emperor" Taihu Hospital Use of acupuncture and moxibustion, abolished Acupuncture , General“ Confucian doctor ”Also pay attention to Decoction medicine Light acupuncture. After the defeat of the Opium War, Imperialism Invasion, setting up church hospitals and Medical college , repel and attack China Medicine The cause of traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture and moxibustion, has declined even further, and has almost never recovered. However, because acupuncture is economical, convenient and effective, it is popular among the working people. Although the Kuomintang government tried to kill it, it was still applied and spread among the people. At the same time, people with lofty ideals all over the country set up societies and schools to cultivate talents and made certain contributions to the promotion of acupuncture.

New China was founded Later, due to the implementation of the Chinese medicine policy of the Party, traditional Chinese medicine gained new life and brought about the revival and prosperity of acupuncture and moxibustion. It has been established in all parts of the country Traditional Chinese Medicine The hospital and the hospital of traditional Chinese medicine have set up acupuncture specialty and specialty And established special research institutions, which have made great achievements in acupuncture teaching, medical treatment and scientific research.

Over the past 30 years, he has compiled and published a large number of books on acupuncture and moxibustion. National Advanced Medical college Unified acupuncture and moxibustion teaching materials were used, and《 Internal meridian 》《 Dysmenorrhea 》Classics A and B《 Acupuncture and moxibustion 》There are more than ten thousand papers on acupuncture published in newspapers and periodicals all over the country. It has created good conditions for learning acupuncture and moxibustion, and greatly enriched the contents of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine.

Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion

The clinical work of acupuncture and moxibustion has made great progress, and the treatment of diseases has been expanding. Clinical practice shows that acupuncture has different effects on more than 300 kinds of diseases in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, and has good or very good effects on about 100 kinds of diseases. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases 、 Biliary calculi 、 bacterial dysentery We not only confirmed the curative effect with scientific methods, but also used modern physiology, biochemistry microbiology 、 immunology And so on. Since the 1960s, China's medical community has adopted Acupuncture anesthesia , successfully carried out a variety of surgical operation , for anaesthesia Methods New contents were added, which attracted the attention of scholars all over the world and promoted the development of acupuncture medicine.

In recent years, the principle of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment has been studied in depth through multidisciplinary cooperation. Prove that acupuncture and moxibustion have different effects on the body system function It can adjust and enhance the disease resistance of the body. The study of acupuncture analgesia principle has gone deep into nerve cell 、 Electrophysiology and Neurotransmitter Such as neuropeptide and other molecular biochemical levels.

After a lot of general surveys, the research on meridians not only confirms that Sensory transmission along meridians Of objective existence , and from Phenomenon of sensation transmission along meridians The law of occurrence, Objective indicators And determination methods, which provide important clues for the discussion of the essence of meridians. At the same time, many regions also carried out research on acupuncture manipulation, and made preliminary achievements.

For thousands of years, acupuncture and moxibustion medicine has not only played a significant role in the health care of our people, but also spread abroad for a long time medical care The cause has also made certain contributions. About the sixth century AD, acupuncture medicine was introduced into Korea, and《 Acupuncture and moxibustion A and B meridians 》Other books are textbooks. In 562 AD, Wu people in China Zhicong Carry《 Mingtang Map 》, The Classics of Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B came to Japan. In 701, Japan began to set up medical education Acupuncture Up to now, it has also opened a junior college of acupuncture and moxibustion, which is very popular with Japanese people. At the end of the 17th century, acupuncture was introduced to Europe. In addition to setting up acupuncture specialties, some countries have also set up special institutions to study acupuncture medicine and held international acupuncture academic conferences for many times. Some provinces and cities in China have set up international acupuncture training bases to train a large number of acupuncture doctors for countries around the world. At present, there are more than 120 in the world countries and regions We carried out acupuncture and moxibustion medicine, scientific research and education. world health organization It also recommends acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for 43 diseases to all countries in the world. In November 1987, with the support of the World Health Organization World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion The inaugural meeting and the first World Acupuncture and Moxibustion Academic Conference. China's unique acupuncture and moxibustion medicine has become an important part of world medicine, and has a positive and widespread impact.

Moxibustion refers to the application of high temperature (mainly the warm heat generated after the burning of moxa or other substances) or low temperature, or certain materials (drugs or other substances that stimulate the skin) direct contact The stimulation generated after the skin surface acts on the acupoints or specific parts of the human body to prevent or treat diseases. It is the main component of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine and one of the important traditional non drug therapies in China.

Overview of moxibustion

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Moxibustion belongs to thermotherapy and is closely related to fire. The history of fire in China can be traced back to the era of "Beijingers" or "Lantian people" 500000 years ago, or even further. According to archaeological research Zhoukou Store Remaining ashes and burned animal bones or earth and stone are found in the bone bearing fossil stratum excavated. As early as the primitive clan commune about 50000 years ago, our ancestors knew how to use fire to heat and cook food, especially the "cave people" who lived at the top of the mountain 18000 years ago Manual ignition Method. Moxibustion sprouts with the application of fire, and develops continuously in its application practice.

When the ancients simmered for warmth, they were accidentally burned by fire and relieved some kind of pain, thus gaining the enlightenment that burning can cure diseases, which is the origin of moxibustion. The word "moxibustion" is in《 Analytical Dictionary of Characters 》It is interpreted as "burning" in Chinese, which means burning to cure diseases. The earliest possible method is to use branches Firewood Smoked, ironed, burned and scalded by fire to eliminate pain, moxa was gradually used as the main moxibustion material. Ai, which has been growing all over China since ancient times, has become the best material for moxibustion instead of ordinary branch fuel because of its fragrant smell, warm and flammable nature, and mild firepower. According to《 Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals 》Record, Lu Chenggong 10 years (581 BC), Jin Jinggong Disease, the Qin state The imperial physician ordered Yi Huan to come for a diagnosis. Yi Huan said, "You can't do anything fast. If you are above the blind and under the ointment, you can't attack it. If you can't reach it, you can't cure it with medicine." Jin dynasty Du Yu Note: "attack" refers to moxibustion, and "reach" refers to acupuncture. Han dynasty Zhang Zhongjing Of《 Treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases 》There are records of "can fire" and "can't fire", and the fire mentioned in them also refers to moxibustion.

The word "moxibustion" is first mentioned in the existing literature records in Zhuangzi o Robber's Foot, such as Confucius persuade Willow plantar "Qiu's so-called self moxibustion without disease" also recorded in "Mencius leaving Lou" that "people who want to be king today are like seven years of disease and three years of wormwood", which obviously also refers to moxibustion. It can be inferred that Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period Moxibustion is very popular in the times. In 1973, No. 3 Han Tomb was excavated at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. In the unearthed silk books, there are three articles recording the meridian moxibustion method, which are found at present《 Internal meridian 》The earliest Precious literature 。 In medical monographs, moxibustion was first seen in《 Internal meridian 》. According to the book, "In the north, the heaven and earth are closed to Tibet. It is located in Gaoling, where the wind is cold and the ice is cold, and where the folk music is wild, they eat milk, Visceral cold The full disease should be treated by moxibustion on Bing, so the moxibustion on Bing also comes from the north. " It shows that the emergence of moxibustion is closely related to the living habits, conditions and disease characteristics of people in northern China.

moxibustion

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Schematic Diagram of Moxibustion

Many books on acupuncture and moxibustion appeared in later dynasties, such as the Jin Dynasty Huangfu Mi Of《 Acupuncture and moxibustion A and B meridians 》, Tang Dynasty Sun Simiao The book "Preparation for Emergencies and Prescriptions for Thousands of Gold" of both vigorously advocated the use of acupuncture and moxibustion. Tang dynasty Wang Tao Of《 Secret of the Outer Stage 》As far as moxibustion is concerned, acupuncture was abandoned, which shows the importance attached to moxibustion at that time. Since the Song Dynasty Wang Zhizhong Of《 Zisheng Meridian of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 》, Gaowu of the Ming Dynasty《 Acupuncture and moxibustion Juying 》、 Yang Jizhou Of《 Acupuncture and moxibustion 》In the Qing Dynasty, Liao Runhong's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Integration" paid attention to moxibustion. There are many monographs on moxibustion methods in the past dynasties, such as Cao's Moxibustion Prescription in the 3rd century AD, Bone Steaming Moxibustion Prescription in the Tang Dynasty, and Moxibustion Prescription in the Song Dynasty《 Huangdi Mingtang Moxibustion Classic 》Moxibustion on Cursive Shu Points《 Preparation of acute moxibustion 》, Yuan Dynasty《 Mysterious Moxibustion of Carbuncle 》In the Qing Dynasty, there was Taiyi Shenzhen《 Divine Moxibustion on Jinglun 》Etc.

Moxibustion was initially used by the ancients Direct moxibustion , and Moxa cone Larger, Strong number (moxa cone Counting unit ）More, such as《 Taiping Shenghuifang 》It was pointed out that "although the number of moxibustion cones is sufficient, the sores will become festering, which is bad; if the sores do not become festering, the disease will not be cured." The Medical School Jinjian o Tips on Acupuncture and Moxibustion Mind Skill also said that "for all diseases of moxibustion, the fire must be sufficient to qi, and then it can be cured." At the same time, the ancients highly praised the application of it Purulent moxibustion Health care and disease prevention. Modern moxibustion rules have made great progress. In order to alleviate the pain of patients receiving moxibustion, young moxibustion with small moxa cones is often used, and a variety of moxibustion methods have been developed, such as Moxa stick moxibustion , medicinal stick moxibustion (including Taiyishen acupuncture, Leihuoshen acupuncture, etc.) Warming moxibustion 、 Warming acupuncture 、 Celestial moxibustion 、 Light moxibustion Etc. According to different conditions, indirect moxibustion is often used, and the separated items are mostly ginger slices, garlic slices, salt fermented soya bean Cake Aconite cake Etc. Moxibustion has made great contributions to human health care.

Effect of moxibustion

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Summarizing the practical experience from ancient to modern times, moxibustion mainly performs the following functions.

Moxibustion apparatus

Warming Meridians and Dispelling Cold

Normal human body Life activities It depends on the function of qi and blood, When qi flows, blood flows ， If qi stops, blood stops The popularity of blood and qi in the meridians is due to the push of "qi". Various reasons, such as“ Cold leads to qi contraction , hot Qi disease ”And so on, which can affect the prevalence of blood gas and cause various diseases. The air temperature is blood slippery, and the cold air is blood astringent, that is to say, the movement of qi and blood has the characteristics of dispersing when encountering the temperature and coagulating when encountering the cold. therefore Zhu Danxi He said: "When blood is hot, it will go; when cold, it will coagulate.". Therefore, all diseases with astringent qi and blood and no heat phenomenon can be treated by warming qi. It is said in the chapter of Soul Pivot - True Evil of Stab Festival: "The blood in the pulse can be coagulated and stopped, but can't be taken without the fire tone". The Miraculous Pivot Forbidden Clothes also said: "Those trapped in it, their veins and blood are tied in the middle, Blood cold Therefore, moxibustion is appropriate. Moxibustion is to use its warm stimulation to warm meridians and relieve arthralgia. adopt Hot moxibustion Warm stimulation of meridians and acupoints can warm meridians and dispel cold, strengthen the body HP operation To achieve the purpose of clinical treatment. Therefore, moxibustion can be used to prevent blood cold from running smoothly and prevent stagnation and astringency Arthralgia syndrome , diarrhea and other diseases, the effect is very significant.

Promoting qi and unblocking collaterals

Meridians are distributed in all parts of the human body, inline The zang fu organs cover the body surface, muscles, bones and other tissues. In a normal body, qi and blood flow around the meridians in a continuous and orderly manner. If wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, fire, etc external cause Invasion of human body or part Stagnation of qi and blood If the meridians are blocked, swelling, pain and other symptoms and a series of dysfunction can occur. At this time, moxibustion at certain points can play a role in Harmonize life , dredge the meridians, Balancing machine It can be used clinically for sores, boils frostbite 、 Urosis 、 sterility , Twist contusion Especially in surgery and traumatology.

Strengthening yang and strengthening detachment

Life depends on Yang Qi. If you get what you want, you will live. If you lose what you want, you will die. So Yang disease When yin is abundant, it means cold and syncope, or the energy is weak and the pulse is weak. When this happens, it is just like《 Plain question ·According to Jue Lun, "Yang Qi declines below, then it is Cold syncope ”。 If the yang qi is weak, the yin qi is strong alone. If the yang qi is not connected to the hands and feet, then Cold hand and foot 。 In case of serious illness, Yang Qi will decline, Yin and Yang are separated Isopathy, Use large The cone heavy moxibustion can dispel the cold yin and restore the yang. This is beyond other acupoint stimulation therapies. The Acupuncture and Moxibustion Zisheng Sutra of the Song Dynasty also mentioned: "Anyone who drowns can be saved for one night. He can get rid of the clothes of the dead and live by moxibustion in the navel". 《 Typhoid theory 》It is pointed out that:“ Shaoyin disease Tuli The hands and feet are cold against the cold... If the pulse does not reach, moxibustion will be used for Shaoyin and Qizhuang ". "Lower profits, Febrile hand and foot , irritability, moxibustion Jueyin, and moxibustion for those without pulse. It indicates that Yang Qi such as vomiting, weakness, cold hands and feet, weak pulse, etc Collapse Of critically ill patients, such as heavy moxibustion with large moxa cone Guan Yuan 、 Shenque Other acupoints, because the wormwood leaf has the nature of pure yang Catch fire It belongs to Yang originally, and two Yang are derived from each other. It can often play the role of helping the Yang to get rid of, restoring the Yang to save the adverse, and saving the dying disease. It is commonly used in clinical practice apoplexy Get rid of symptoms Acute abdominal pain Vomiting and diarrhea dysentery Wait for emergency treatment.

Ascending Yang and Lifting Sink

It can be caused by weak and unstable yang qi Upper vacuity and lower solidity ， Qi deficiency subsidence , appears Prolapse of anus 、 Yin Ting 、 Long catharsis Chronic dysentery 、 Metrorrhagia 、 Slip tyre Etc《 Soul Pivot - Energy Channels 》Article Yun:“ Moxibustion occurs when sinking ”Therefore, qi deficiency, sagging and organ ptosis are commonly used Moxibustion 。 about Sinkage One disease, founder of spleen and stomach theory Li Dongyuan It is also believed that "those who sink into the Yin Qi are not allowed to suffer from cold", "there is nothing else in the world, but only Yin and Yang. Yang is on the outside, and Yin is on the inside. Now, those who sink into the Yin Qi are trapped in the Yin Qi, and Yin is on top of it to recover its Yang. Those whose pulse and syndrome are both seen outside, then moxibustion". Therefore, moxibustion can not only benefit qi Warming yang It also has effects on those with weak yang defence and loose striae. Make the body function return to normal. Moxibustion can be used for diseases such as anal prolapse, yin stiffness, chronic diarrhea, etc Baihui Acupoints are used to improve yang, and "push Above ”, and《 Wing of Classics Diagram 》As the saying goes, "For those who have anal prolapse in the process of discharging cold through a hole, moxibustion will strengthen the water supply.". In short, this is also one of the unique functions of moxibustion.

Detoxification and heat release

Many physicians have proposed Heat syndrome For the problem of moxibustion prohibition, as pointed out in the "General Record of Sacred Aid", "If the moxibustion is caused by the disease of Fuyang, it is a great rebellion"; Many modern acupuncture textbooks also regard heat syndrome as one of the forbidden moxibustion. But ancient and modern physicians have different views on this. It is also recorded in ancient literature that "moxibustion can be used for heat" Carbuncle gangrene It was first seen in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, and moxibustion has been used as This disease An important treatment of syndrome. The Tang Dynasty's "Preparation for Emergency Prescriptions" further points out that moxibustion has a negative effect on the internal organs Excess heat It has a cathartic effect. In many places, the book also Hot poison Carbuncle and gangrene caused by accumulation Syndrome of internal heat due to yin deficiency "The small intestine is full of heat, and moxibustion Yin capital , growing stronger with each passing year“ Carbuncle of intestine Bend two elbows, and moxibustion on the sharp bones of the elbows will lead to pus and blood, which is bad. “ Quench thirst ， Xerostomia Intolerable, moxibustion on the small intestine to Yu Baizhuang, Horizontal three cubits Moxibustion ". Zhu Danxi, a doctor in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, believed that moxibustion in the heat syndrome meant "following the treatment"; 《 Introduction to Medicine 》Then clarify heat symptom-complex The mechanism of moxibustion: "Heat is moxibustion, which can induce the qi of stagnation and heat, and the meaning of fire is dryness". It is pointed out in the "Yi Zong Jin Jian: Carbuncle and Gangrene Moxibustion Method" that "within seven days from the beginning of carbuncle and gangrene, it is best to start and end the moxibustion with drugs, and the moxibustion with no pain will stop until the pain is felt, and the moxibustion with sore pain will stop until the pain is felt". In a word, moxibustion can induce heat with heat and make the heat go out. Moxibustion energy Dispel cold It can also clear away heat, indicating that it can improve the original functional state of the body Bidirectional regulation effect. Especially with the increase of moxibustion and the expansion of clinical scope, this role is increasingly recognized by people.

Disease prevention and health care

Chinese ancient physicians had long recognized the importance of disease prevention, and put forward the idea of "preventing disease before it happens"“ Prevent disease ”In addition to Therapeutic effect In addition, it has the function of disease prevention and health care, which is one of the methods of disease prevention and health care, which is recorded in many ancient documents. As early as in the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine; To prevent rabies 。 It is said in the book "Prepare for Emergency Prescriptions" that "when officials travel to Wu and Shu, they often need to moxibustion in three or two places on their bodies. Do not let the sores fester temporarily, which will lead to malaria Warm malaria Poison gas can't touch people ". Explain that moxibustion can prevent infection 。《 Acupuncture and moxibustion 》Mention moxibustion Zusanli It can prevent stroke.. As the folk saying goes, "If you want to be in good health, don't do it for three miles", "moxibustion for three miles will not stop, and all disasters and diseases will stop". Since moxibustion can warm the yang and tonify the deficiency, moxibustion at Zusanli Zhongwan , which can make the stomach qi always full, and the stomach Sea of Valley Rong Weizhi's five viscera and six internal organs are all affected by his qi. If stomach qi is always full, then qi and blood are full; The gate of life is where the true fire of the human body lies, and is the foundation of human beings; Guan Yuan Gas sea is the essence of reservoir Hematopoiesis Moxibustion on the upper acupoints can make the stomach full of qi and yang sufficient, Blood essence Filling, thus strengthening the body Resistance The disease and pathogen are difficult to commit, so as to achieve the goal of disease prevention and health care. In modern times, moxibustion has become one of the important health care methods for disease prevention and health care.

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Acupuncture and moxibustion is guided by the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and based on the theory of meridians and acupoints

It is a clinical discipline that stimulates certain parts of the human body to prevent and treat diseases Traditional Chinese Medicine An important part of. Because of its wide indications, obvious curative effect, convenient operation, economic safety, few side effects and other advantages, it has been welcomed by the majority of the people for thousands of years, and has made significant contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Acupuncture and Moxibustion

The vitality of acupuncture and moxibustion lies in Clinical efficacy 。 In December 1979, the World Health Organization recommended 43 indications for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment to the world, which strongly promoted acupuncture and moxibustion to go global. However, this induction is not comprehensive. according to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine According to the latest research summary, the diseases treated by acupuncture and moxibustion cover 16 kinds of disease spectrum, with a total of 461 diseases. For musculoskeletal and connective tissue systems nervous system 、 digestive system and Urogenital system , eyes and appendages, spirit and Behavioral disorder , skin and Subcutaneous tissue Disease, acupuncture treatment effect is particularly prominent. For multiple Intractability Disease, unexplained disease, constitutional disease and Psychogenic disease , acupuncture can become a powerful treatment and Adjuvant therapy Means. At present, more than 140 countries and regions in the world are applying and studying acupuncture therapy to treat various diseases, and more than hundreds of thousands of acupuncture practitioners worldwide. As a pioneer in the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture medicine is having a profound and extensive impact on the development of world medicine.

Excerpted from "The Great Success of Acupuncture and Moxibustion"

Twelve volumes of Plain Questions, known as the Yellow Emperor Qibo A book of questions and answers. In view of its purpose, it is almost not temporary Words , and the writing is not by one person. Liu Xiang It was written by Young Master Zhu Han; Cheng Zi said the end of the Warring States Period. And its outline is just like《 The Book of Rites 》It is best drawn from Han Confucianism Zisi The words were passed on at the same time. cover Linglan The Secret Code, the Five Chang Zhengda, the Six Yuan Zhengji, etc Yin Yang and Five Elements

The "A and B" and Yang Shangshan's "Taisu" are also based on this, but there are slight differences and similarities. Physician Outline method No more books. However, according to the Western Han Dynasty Art and Culture Annals, there are 18 volumes of Neijing and Flat magpie First name. Bai Yun: There are three schools in the "Internal Classic", and the volume of "Plain Questions" involves《 Han Annals 》The number of, and the note, followed by On Yin and Yang , entrusted to be kept by Shizhang Gongsuo to make up for his loss, and

Diligence is also diligent. Regrettably, Zhu and Mo were confused, jade and stone were confused, and the exegesis was lost due to the pedantry, introduction or failure to cut. To Song Linyi Goruna To correct the mistakes and add the lack of meaning is rather meritorious than ice.

《 Dysmenorrhea 》Thirteen volumes, the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, written by the ancestors of the Qin and Yue Dynasties, were set as questions and answers to show the scholars. Most of the quoted scriptures are non spiritual and plain texts. They have their own books since ancient times, but now they are dead. In the Sui Dynasty, there was a note by Lv Bowang that was not passed on. The king of Song Dynasty only collected the five schools of thought, but it was full of flaws or confusion Yu Family Coarse is considerable. Ji Qiqing's notes are a little dense, but they are attached Yang Xuancao Zhou Zhongli made some changes to the three sons of Lu Guang and Wang Zongzheng, but the textual research was not clear. Li Ziye also interpreted the sentence without inspiration. In modern times, Zhang Jiegu attached the medicine after the note, which is not the meaning of scripture. Wang Shaoqing deduces his theory that his eyes are heavy and mysterious, which is not enough to reveal the implication of predecessors. Hua Biren takes advantage of his strong points and abandons his weak points《 The original meaning of dysmenorrhea 》。

《 Meridian meridian 》Volume I, on the essentials of acupuncture and moxibustion, has been written into a song formula, which is the basis for future generations Flat magpie The.

"Bronze Man Acupuncture and Moxibustion Painting", Volume III, Song Renzong Zhao Wang Weide studied the acupuncture method, Cast copper Artificial, divided into twelve channels of the internal organs and zang organs, side notes Acupoint shu It was engraved with its name, used as a diagram, and used as a method of treatment, which was firmly handed down from generation to generation. Xia nationality Is the order. But its acupoints are more than《 Lingshu 》This lose, bone empty and other articles are quite complicated.

The third volume of Mingtang Acupuncture and Moxibustion is titled: Yellow Emperor On the taboos of human body shu points and burning moxibustion. Those who say Mingtang are called thunder god Asked, the Yellow Emperor granted it, which is also the basis for future generations.

《 Existential truth map 》One volume, edited by Chao Gong and Yang Jie. Chongning Room Sizhou The criminal thief was in the city, and the prefect Li Yixing sent doctors and painters to the city. He picked up the curvy film with his own hands and drew a zigzag picture of it. He was well aware of it. The school was introduced with ancient books, and there were no few differences. Ratio《 Oshifan's Five Zang Organs 》If we go too far, it is really beneficial to doctors. usurper who founded the Xin dynasty When, catch Zhai Yi Wang Sunqing, the Communist Party of China, made the imperial physician Shang Fang and Qiao Tu share the secrets to measure the five internal organs

This is also the meaning of the Tao's pulse, knowing everything from beginning to end. Cloud can cure diseases.

Cursive Moxibustion, Volume II, Qingyuan Zhuang Chuo Ji Yu gathered.

Thirty volumes of Thousand Golden Prescriptions were written by Sun Simiao of Tang Dynasty. Prescription, Pulse diagnosis The secrets, acupuncture points, taboo methods, and even the essentials of guiding health care are all well known. Those who call a thousand gold are most important in terms of human life. The arguer calls it unknown Typhoid fever Number of.

《 Golden Wing Square 》In thirty volumes, Sun Simiao collected numerous books and wrote them with wings. The first is medicine records, followed by women, typhoid fever, children, sexual cultivation, grain recovery, retirement benefit 、 Miscellaneous diseases 、 Carbuncle , color pulse, acupuncture, and Interdiction The end.

《 Secret of the Outer Stage 》Tang Wangtao has been in Taige for 20 years, and he has known for a long time Hongwen Hall There are thousands of volumes of ancient prescription books, which describe various symptoms, and are accompanied by prescriptions, Fu Ban, and burning moxibustion. Trimble Middle out Shoufangling and Daning County are named Yan.

《 Jinlan Meridian 》, yuan hanlin academician It was written by Hutai Bilie, whose son Guangji Quan was born. great virtue Gui Mao ， Pingjiang County literature Shao Wenlong of Yanling is the preface. Before and after the first drawing of viscera Figure II , hand and foot in the middle Three yin , Sanyang, taking fourteen meridians Streamer , each is a note, which is listed later and spread to the north. Since the Wu Gate was carved by Dong's family in Hengshan, Messenger Shiguang.

《 Excellent economic life 》Nineteen rolls《 Key Points of Needles and Meridians 》, two volumes of Jiegu Yunqi Acupuncture, Dou's Liuzhu, and three volumes of Needle Sutra Picking Ying. The first stitch is made in imitation of the ancient one. Yanyou between Du Sijing Author.

《 Needle guide 》, written by Gu Feidou Hanqing. The first one is Youfu, the second one is Eight Points Fingering and Ye Zhe Palace Painting, which is quite similar to Su Wen

"Miscellaneous Theories on Acupuncture and Moxibustion", Jian'an Dou Guifang. Take《 daughter 》Taboos to people, gods and gods Theory of truth and evil in separation and reunion , not all acupuncture and moxibustion

Zi Sheng Jing, Dongjia Wang Zhi Middle Uncle Ya, three hundred and sixty acupoints, top end on the back, line classification, acupoint disease, cover

Bronze Man, Qianjin, Mingtang and Waitai are among them.

《 Exert the Fourteen Classics 》Three volumes, Xuchang Slippery longevity Boren, the needle passing method is in Gaodongyang, Dongping. It is the key point of opening and closing Liuzhu.

The six meridians of Yin, Yang, Wei, Qiao, Dai and Chong all belong to the system, while the Du and Ren meridians cover the back and abdomen and have special acupoints,

If all scriptures are full and overflowing, this will be accepted. It should be discussed together with the twelve scriptures. There are seven out of six hundred and fifty deep acupoints in Tongkao, and the cure is to make the mystery of medicine.

The second volume of Shenying Sutra was written by Chen Hui, Honggang. First, I wrote twelve volumes of the Book of Universal Love, and I chose 110 volumes for its vastness

The nine acupoints are songs and pictures. They are still the key acupoints for curing diseases, and the assembly is voluminous, so that scholars can keep the rules. Nanchang Liujin School.

Three volumes of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Festival Essentials and four volumes of Juying are compiled by Mei Gugaowu of Siming.

Key Points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yanshan Tingrui Xu Feng Collection.

Mysterious Secrets is a collection handed down by the family of Yang Ji in Sanqu.

Children's Massage Classic, Siming Chen Shi Collection.

Ancient and Modern Medical Statistics《 Qiankun Business 》、《 Introduction to Medicine 》、《 Medical Classics Elementary School 》The surnames of the acupuncturists in Zhongqu

The acupuncture and moxibustion masterpiece is a collection of the above books, which is divided into ten volumes and is entrusted to Jinyang Jinxian to select and correct them.

Brief History of Meridian Development

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Brief History of Modern Meridian Innovation

In the 1990s, China has successively carried out two national meridian climbing projects, the "Eighth Five Year Plan" (1992-96) and the "Ninth Five Year Plan" (1997-98). The research has gradually deepened from the phenomenon to the essence, focusing on the mechanism and meridians of sensation transmission along meridians Visceral correlation And meridian line Physical and chemical properties Three aspects are developed, forming several hypotheses:

1996 Deng Yu et al“ fractal Fractal main and collateral channels Morphology and anatomical structure "(non interstitial meridians, non tubular meridians filled with cells)

1996 Zhang Shenghong“ Interstitial dimension ”Meridians (error)

one thousand nine hundred and ninety-five

· Neurology : It is believed that the transmission of sensation along meridians is neuron The result of exciting transmission between. 1995?

·Humor theory: think Meridians of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qi and blood in refers to all kinds of body fluids in the human body. Meridians are the channels for the movement of body fluids. The movement of body fluids stimulates nerves to generate sensation transmission along the meridians.

·Energy theory: It believes that the meridians are the transmission channels of some physical energy and information.

Meng Jingbi（ Isotope tracer ）

In 1985, France de Vernejoul P isotope tracer imaging method; In addition, French Niboyet's research on skin electricity

In 1984, Xie Haoran, Human meridians Anatomical observation of interstitial structure

In 1984, Hungary For Eore Carbon dioxide tester Study the meridians.

Visual field observation adopted by Zhang Baozhen and others in 1980 Tiling And blood vessels Perfusion method

Meng Zhaowei's Third Balance System of Meridians in 1978

1972 Wang Tong The essence of meridians is Double reflex hypothesis

In the 1970s, Japanese scholar Hiroshi Honda observed the temperature change along the meridian sensing line by using the liquid crystal film method

In 1970, J Borsarello use infrared thermography Methods Meridians were studied.

In 1956, Nogierop gave China auricular needling Research on acupoint atlas and function, etc,

In 1955, Kazuo Nakayama, etc“ ryodoraku Sasakawa“ Good guide point ”, "Good Guide"

In 1952, Fujita Liulang put forward the hypothesis about meridians

In 1950, Samo Nagahama of Japan reported the phenomenon of sensation transmission along meridians.

Acupuncture manipulation

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Yi ology of acupuncture and moxibustion

Needle trimming, inch taking Needle holding . Calm down and repair Purgative method 、 Withdrawal of needle , legal, needle fainting

Acupuncture and Moxibustion—— Hand Yangming main and collateral channels

(I) Meridian circulation

Large Intestine Meridian of Hand Yangming From index finger Radial side End, along the radial edge of the index finger, out of the first and second Metacarpal bone Between and into the two rebars（ Tendon of extensor pollicis longus and Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis ）Between, along the radial side of the forearm, into the outside of the elbow, through the front side of the outside of the upper arm, the upper shoulder, into the pelvis, the collateral lung belongs to the large intestine. Lack of pelvic branch: go up the neck, through the cheeks, into the lower gums , wrap around the upper lip, cross in the person, left vein to the right, right vein to the left, and end at the opposite nose（ Welcome incense )。 (Figure 3-6)

《 Soul Pivot - Energy Channels 》: The pulse of Yangming in the hands of large intestine originates from Big secondary index Tip Shanglian , out Hegu Between the two bones, it goes up into the two tendons, goes up along the arm, goes into the elbow, goes up outside the front, goes up the shoulder, goes up before the bone, goes up out Columnar bone At the meeting, the lower part goes into the deficient basin and collates the lung, Inferior diaphragm , belonging to the large intestine. Its branches: from the upper neck of the pelvis, through the cheek, into the lower teeth; Take out the mouth and hand it over to the middle - right on the left, left on the right, nose on the top.

（2） Main symptoms

abdominal pain 、 Bowel ringing 、 Diarrhea , constipation, dysentery Sore throat 、 Odontosis , clear nasal discharge or bleeding, and pain along the meridian Febrile swelling Or cold.

(III) Collaterals Circulation and its symptoms

Lingshu Meridians: Hand Yangming , named Partial calendar 。 Go three inches away from the wrist, don't go to the Taiyin, or follow the arm, ride Shoulder , top Curved cheek Partial tooth ； The others are connected with the lineage. Its disease: solid, then caries deaf; False, then teeth Cold arthralgia Septum. Take it Others Also.

（4） Summary of main indications

The acupoints of this meridian are mainly used to treat the diseases of the five senses of the head and face fever 、 skin disease 、 Gastroenteropathy , mental illness, and other diseases and signs of the meridian circulation.

2、 Acupoints of Hand Yangming

（1） Common acupoints

1． Shangyang (sh  ngy á ng, LI1) Well point

[Positioning] At the radial side of the index finger of the hand, 0.1 inch away from the corner of the nail. (Figure 3-7)

【 Indications 】 ① Toothache , sore throat and other facial diseases; ② Fever, coma and other heat syndromes and emergencies.

[Technique] Shallow prickle 0.1 inch, or Prick Bleeding.

[Anatomy] Finger and dorsal metacarpal movement Venous rete ； Cloth from Median nerve Of Palmar proper digital nerve ， Radial nerve Dorsal digital nerve of the finger.

[Remark] It is used to treat febrile diseases and coma with less quotient and less people; Cooperate with Gu and Shaoshang to treat sore throat.

2. Three rooms (S  nji  n, LI3) acupuncture points on the human body

[Positioning] Slightly clench the fist, on the radial side of the index finger, the second Metacarpophalangeal joint Rear depression. (Figure 3-7)

【 Indications 】 ① Toothache, sore throat and other five sense disorders; ② abdominal distention , abdominal pain, bowel ringing, diarrhea and other intestinal diseases.

[Technique] Direct stab 0.3-0.5 inch.

[Anatomy] No. 1 Dorsal interosseous muscle , deep inside the thumb Adductor muscle Transverse head; yes Reticulum venosum dorsalis manus （ Cephalic vein The palmar part of the finger has proper arteries; Cloth has Superficial branch of radial nerve 。

[Remarks] Configuration Anterior valley Eyes clear for acute eye pain; With Yangxi governance Laryngeal arthralgia Pharynx is like a stem; match Tianshu , Zusanlizhi abdominal fullness Intestinal sounds and bleeding.

3. Hegu (H é g ǔ, LI4) original point

[Positioning] On the back of the hand, between the first and second metacarpals, at the midpoint of the radial side of the second metacarpal. Simple acupoint selection: with the thumb of one hand Phalange The joint striation is placed on the web edge between the thumb and index finger of the other hand, when the point is below the thumb tip. (Figure 3-7)

【 Indications 】 ① headache ， Redness, swelling and pain of eyes ， Epistaxis , toothache, Mouth and eye deviation ， deaf Head and facial features diseases; ② Fever and aversion to cold etc. Exogenous disease syndrome , fever without sweat or hyperhidrosis ；③ Amenorrhea Obstetrics and gynecology syndrome such as delayed labor.

[Technique] Stab 0.5-1 inch straight.

[Anatomy] Between the first and second metacarpals, the back of the first interosseous Lateral muscle Medium, deep Musculus adductor pollicis Transverse head; There is a vein network on the back of the hand, which is the origin of the cephalic vein, and the acupoints are near and right radial artery From the back of the hand to the palm; The dorsal metacarpal nerve is distributed with the superficial branch of the radial nerve, and the palmar proper digital nerve is distributed with the median nerve in the deep.

[Remarks] It is used to treat headache with the sun; With Taichong to treat redness, swelling and pain of eyes; To treat nasal diseases with Yingxiang; With Shaoshang for sore throat; match Sanyinjiao Treat amenorrhea and stagnate labor; match Bunker Buccal car Cure eye deviation. Shenying Sutra: Pregnant women should not be injected.

4. Yangxi (Y á ngx ī, LI5) acupoints

[Positioning] On the radial side of the transverse striation on the back of the wrist, when the thumb of the hand is turned upward, when the hollow between the tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis and the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus is located. (Figure 3-7)

【 Indications 】 ① Wrist pain; ② Headache, red eyes, swelling and pain, deafness, toothache, sore throat and other five sense disorders.

[Technique] Stab 0.5-0.8 inch straight.

[Anatomy] When the thumb is short and long tendon between; Dorsal carpal branch with cephalic vein and radial artery; There are superficial branches of radial nerve.

[Note] Cooperate with Gu to treat headache; Cation pool Yanggu Wrist treatment arthritis ； Equipped with two rooms and Yangguzhi toothache , sore throat, red eyes, swelling and pain.

5. Partial calendar (Pi  nl ì, LI6) Collateral points

[Positioning] Bend the elbow, when Yangxi and Quchi On the connecting line, 3 inches on the wrist transverse stripe. (Figure 3-8)

【 Indications 】 ① tinnitus , epistaxis Sore throat ；② Arm ache; ③ Abdominal fullness; ④ Edema.

[Technique] Straight or oblique stab 0.5-0.8 inch.

[Anatomy] radius Distal, between the extensor carpi radialis tendon and the abductor pollicis longus tendon; Cephalic vein; Volar Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

And the superficial branch of the radial nerve. The dorsal side is the dorsal forearm cutaneous nerve and the dorsal forearm interosseous nerve.

[Remarks] Configuration Abyss cure Sore throat ； Music pool for the treatment of arm pain; match Shousanli 、 Neiguan Forearm treatment neuralgia 。

6. Shousanli (Sh ǒǒǐ, LI10)

[Positioning] On the radial side of the back of the forearm, when the line between Yangxi and Quchi is connected, 2 inches below the elbow transverse line. (Figure 3-8)

【 Indications 】 ① Arm weakness and upper limb dysfunction; ② Abdominal pain and diarrhea; ③ Toothache, swollen cheeks.

[Technique] Stab 1 - 1.5 inches straight.

[Anatomy] Muscle and nerve Xialian acupoint The blood vessel is a branch of the recurrent radial artery.

[Remark] Treatment of upper limb failure by music pool; It can cure abdominal pain, abdominal distention and diarrhea with three li; match Zhongzhu Quchi treats sore throat.

7. Quchi (Q ü ch í, LI11) Confluent acupoint

[Positioning] Bend the elbow at a right angle to the lateral end of the elbow transverse line Lateral epicondyle of humerus The midpoint of the line. (Figure 3-9)

【 Indications 】 ① Arthralgia of arm and upper limb; ② Fever; ③ hypertension ；④ Madness; ⑤ Abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea; ⑥ Sore throat, toothache Eye redness Pain; ⑦ Addiction rash 、 eczema 、 scrofula 。

[Technique] Stab 0.8-1.2 inches straight.

Anatomy Musculus extensor carpi radialis longus Start part, Brachioradialis muscle Deflection side of; There are branches of recurrent radial artery; The dorsal cutaneous nerve of the forearm is distributed, and the medial deep layer is the trunk of the radial nerve.

[Remark] Paixuehai, Zusanli to treat addiction rash; Three miles with hands to cure upper limb failure; Equipped with Taichong Dazhui Treat hypertension. according to experimental study Report with Strong stimulus Manual acupuncture of "Quchi" and "Appendices" points has a significant effect on experimental appendicitis It has definite therapeutic effect.

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