Jin Nong (1687-1763), known as Shoumen, Si Nong, Ji Jin, Mr. Dongxin, Jiliu Shanmin, Qujiang Waishi, Xiye Jushi, etc., who had gone through the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, called himself "Three Dynasties Old People", Qiantang (today's Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou）People.Cloth clothes last forever.Calligraphers and painters in the Qing Dynasty“Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics”First.[1-2]
He likes to travel, but he returns from nowhere.Evening residenceYangzhou, selling calligraphy and painting for self support.He is curious and eager to learn, and is skilled in poetry and calligraphy.The poems and prose are ancient, abstruse and peculiar, and are good at identification.Calligraphy creates a flat calligraphy style, which has both regular script and clerical script“write in varnish on bamboo tablets”。He didn't paint until he was fifty-three years old. His paintings have a strange shape, and he is good at making flower sketches with light ink dry pen, especially painting plum blossoms.
His representative works include the Painting of Eastern Calyx Exfoliating Flowers, the Painting of Air Defending, the Painting of Plum Blossom Blossoming at the Beginning, the Painting of Jade Butterflies Clearing, the Painting of Iron Pavilion Scattering Flowers, the Painting of Bodhisattva, and the Painting of Qiongzi Waiting for Appreciation.He has written "Winter Heart Poetry Collection", "Winter Heart Essays", "Winter Heart Miscellaneous" and so on.[3]
Full Name
Jinnong
Alias
His initial name was Si Nong, and he became a farmer when he was 39 years old[4]
"The Painting of Eastern Calyx Spitting out Chinese Flowers", "The Painting of Air Defending Like Sprinkling", "The Painting of Plum Blossoms at the Beginning", etc
Jinnong, whose names are Shoumen, Sinang, Jijin, Dongxin, Jiliu Shanmin, Qujiang Waishi, Xiye Jushi, etc.There are many nicknames, including: Jinniu, Laoding, Guquan, Zhuquan, Jimei Lord, Lianshen Jushi, Longsuo Xianke, Shame Chunweng, Jinji Jin, Xin Erliu, Xiantan Flower Sweeper, Jinniu Lake Huilao, Baier Yantian millionaire, etc.Born in Qing DynastyKangxiIn the 26th year (1686), he died in the 28th year of Qianlong's reign (1763). He was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).[5]According to Jin Nong's statement, "there are several lands and houses in one's home. On the Qiantang River, the middle is a book hall, facing the river and facing the mountains behind, and there are endless mountains beyond the river".
Jinnong is talented and studied at the scholar He Zhuo's home in his early years“Eight Families in Xiling”One ofDing JingAt the same time, Bilin also interacted with Wu Xilin and nurtured the so-called "Three High Scholars in Western Zhejiang", increasing Jinnong's erudition and versatility.In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), he was recommended by Qiu Siqin to be a knowledgeable and excellent poet. He failed in the examination of entering the capital and was depressed and frustrated. So he traveled around Qi, Lu, Yan and Zhao, and went through Qin, Jin, Wu and Yue without encountering anything.He was conceited about his talent and learning. At the age of 50, he went to Beijing to take the "erudite and great poetry" exam recommended by his friends, but he failed to pass[10]。At the age of 50, he began to learn painting[6]Because of his profound knowledge, numerous places of interest and profound calligraphy skills, he has finally become a generation of famous artists.In his declining years, he lived in Yangzhou and sold paintings for a living. His daughter, Haishan, married far away in Tianjin. Unfortunately, she died in childbirth. The old wife who lived with her daughter wanted to return to the south. Jinnong went around to sell calligraphy and paintings to raise funds, and then took her home. But soon her wife ended up depressed.After the death of his old wife, Jinnong sent his only dumb concubine to live in the temple alone[10]。
Jinnong
Jinnong spent most of his life in ups and downs. Sometimes, when he got a daughter at the age of one, he also scattered.In times of hardship, he had to rely on selling antiques, copying Buddhist scriptures, and even carving inkstones to increase his incomeYuan Mei, please write colored lights,Wang ChangBy《Pufushanfang Poetry》According to Jin Nong, "his temperament is rugged, and many people look at him strangely. However, when meeting comrades, he is always happy and comfortable.".At the age of seventy-seven, he worked for seventy-eight years.
Jinnong is erudite, curious and ancientinscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tabletsA thousand rolls.Excellent seal cutting and appreciation, good at painting bamboo, plum, pommel horse, Buddha, figure and landscape.YoujingPlum Blossom。The plum blossom made by him has many branches and flowers. It is vigorous, elegant and simple.
Artistic achievements
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Calligraphy
Jinnong is“Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics”The core figure of.He is a great master in poetry, calligraphy, painting, seal, piano music, appreciation and collection.Jin Nong studied calligraphy since he was young, and his literary attainments were very high.His strong education makes him top of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou".
But Jin Nong's nature is weak, and his calligraphy works are very few compared with other people in Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics.He lived in the three dynasties of Kang, Yong and Qian, so he gave himself the nickname of "Three Dynasties Old People".At the beginning of Jin Nong's reign, he didn't take the calligraphy as his idea. However, his calligraphy accomplishments became the most successful one among the "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", especially his running script and official script, which have exquisite and unique aesthetic values.
Seven character Couplet of Lishu
In his early years, his official script was "stick to the Han people's rope and ink". Its style was regular, its strokes were thick and simple, and its strokes were not delivered, but ended. Its structure was tight, more introverted, and less outward looking. It had a simple and simple style. Jinnong's calligraphy art was famous for its simplicity and simplicity.He pioneered“write in varnish on bamboo tablets”, is a special method of using pen and ink.The "Jinnong ink" is thick like paint, and the words are protruding from the paper.The brush used is like a flat brush, dipped with thick ink, and the strokes are just folded, just like a brush brushing paint.The words written in this way look vulgar and simple, and have no rules to speak of. In fact, they have a broad view and a magnificent charm.
What best reflects Jinnong's artistic realm of calligraphy is his cursive writing.He combined the strokes of regular script, the strokes of official script and the strokes of seal script into a unique style.Its stippling is like clerical script or regular script, and it can also run in grass. The long horizontal and vertical hooks are in the form of clerical script, and the brushwork is often close to the Weibei, which is extremely vigorous and smart.In particular, those poems and letters written by hand are clumsy and elegant, with a kind of natural charm and artistic conception, which is unforgettable.Jinnong's semi cursive script has not been in the regular style since its early days, but is written by the stele method and his own "lacquer script" methodCursive scriptThe pen is straightforward and free from desires. The strokes are smooth and the ink is mellow. Between the thick head and the ragged clothes, there is a sense of rustiness and childishness, which is impressive;Its regular script of "scripture writing and engraving" style seems to have the same origin with folk calligraphy. There is no light and heavy line changes and rounded turning strokes, nor the wave in the Teton. With uniform lines and square and hard turns, it writes a similar single line bodyFine art charactersIts calligraphy style, however, has the ancient style of the ancient Chinese characters, and its enlightenment is very far-reaching.There is a book called "Measuring Like a Sea Calligraphy" handed down from generation to generation, which now flows into Japan."Sheng Zhong Pays Praise", a silk lacquer book.
He began to paint at the age of 50. His brush writing is ancient. He broke away from painters' habits and saw many historic sites.At the beginning, he wrote about the old man in the bamboo division stone room, named Jiliu Mountain People, followed by the painting of white jade toad in the plum division, and named Xixie Jushi.Painting Buddha's name and becoming a monk, eating porridge and monk.He also drew a picture of a horse claiming to have won Cao and Han Fa, but Zhao Wang and Sun were insignificant.The scenery, flowers and fruits are arranged in a strange and quiet way. They are not seen in the world.When asked, he said that Bedo Longke and the like.He painted plum trees. He called himself "Plum Blossoms on the River Road" and asked for "Fragrance for thousands of miles in cold weather". The painting of the horse said: "Today I paint a horse, desolate and desolate, with Gu Ying's sour self pity. How hard it is to travel? There is no joy in the world. Even if I meet someone, I will also go to dusk. I don't want to know in the dust desert." This shows his mood of missing talent.On one page, he drew a picture of a scholar doctor lying in a pool pavilion with ventilation on all sides, and said, "The wind comes and he lies in the middle on all sides".Being carefree, not as good as the world, he also considers himself "aloof".Jinnong promised to show his "high shore spirit" in his life one by one."To express without sounding".In a picture《Ink bamboo》In the middle of the painting, he even wrote straight: "To paint this crazy bamboo with five liters of ink, you should not fish for coilia, but for princes." He liked to paint thin bamboo and said, "Painting bamboo should be thin, thin and long lived, and naturally full of wind and frost.".After each painting, there must be an inscription, such as "Being modest, being upright and unyielding, and not changing their practices for a long time is also a virtue of bamboo." The poem in the Painting of Bamboo Trimming after Rain says: "Bamboo Trimming after Rain is particularly green, and it is as if Xiao Xiao is in the pavilion across the stream. The world is a merciless thing, and only the sound of autumn is the best to hear."
The characters painted are grotesque and exaggerated, and the brushwork is clumsy and concise, with distinctive images;The landscape composition is unique, and the painting is simple and simple;Its plum and bamboo brushes are extremely clumsy, concise and thick.Calligraphy from《Tianfa Divination Stele》, The Monument of Zen State and the Monument of Gulang are changed. The pen is flat and square, light and heavy, with unique style, which is called lacquer book.Jinnong's calligraphy and painting were very famous at that timeYangzhou Eight Eccentricsone of.Yes《Landscape Character Album》、《Moonlight》, The Painting of Carrying a Staff, The Painting of East Calyx, The Painting of Black Bamboo, etc.He wrote "Poems of Winter Heart", "Essays of Winter Heart", "Miscellaneous Works of Winter Heart", etc.
《self-portrait》Axis, Jinnong, paper, ink pen, 131.3cm in length and 59.1cm in width.
Figure 1 showsYangzhou Eight EccentricsOne is Jin Nong's 73 year old self portrait.The old man in the painting is dressed in cloth and stands on his side with a staff. His posture is determined and his expression is detached.Its head is more realistic, withPortrait paintingThe characteristics of Jinnong, such as thick long beard, thin braid and hale eyes, vividly depict Jinnong's stubborn and proud personality.
The figure in Figure 1 does not seek to be similar in appearance, but is extremely exaggerated, which has the meaning of cartoon. This is a portrait painted by literati painters.Painters use Jiaomo Crazy Brush to outline the characters. The lines are simple and crude, which originated in the Southern Song DynastyMa Hezhi“Orchid leaf drawing”, with the title and poetry“write in varnish on bamboo tablets”They jointly reflect the style of being born astringent, unsophisticated and unique.
Gao Xiangsheng, born in Ganquan, Jiangsu Province, is a calligrapher and painter, a good friend of Jinnong, and one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou.
Ma YueguanHealth, AnhuiKeemun People, great salt merchants, poets, Jinnong friends.
In 1692, Renshen was 6 years old in the 31st year of Kangxi
Fang Tushu, born in Xin'an, is a poet and painter and a farmer of Jin.
Li ESheng, a poet, scholar, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a good friend of Jinnong.
Ding JingHealth, (Jinnong's fellow neighbors) and Jinnong have a deep friendship;Painting and CalligraphySeal carver, especially famous for seal cutting, is the founder of the Zhejiang School.
Initial studysoundLearning.Xiang Shuangtian, his hometown, was cited as a little friend and was praised for making friends with poets and monk poets in his hometown.
In 1705, in the 44th year of Kangxi, you were 19 years old
In 1706, in the 45th year of Kangxi, Bingxu was 20 years old
In April, I crossed the Luocha River to visit a famous 84 year old poet in XiaoshanMao QilingAnd get their appreciation.Go to Kuaiji, explore Yu's cave, and watch Yu's stone.Dong, Ding Jingzhi
Jin Nong's office and textual research Jin Shi, Jin Nong showsWang Hui"Travel in Autumn Mountains".
In 1707, Ding Hai was 21 years old in the 46th year of Kangxi
Studied in SuzhouHe Zhuo(Qi Zhan, Hao Yi Men, scholar, calligrapher) In every two years, Jinnong's knowledge of stone tablets has gained a lot.
Xiang Huiqing Pays a Visit to the Leader of the Southeast Poetry WorldZhu YizunZhu smiled and praised his poems.
In 1712, in the 51st year of Kangxi, Ren Chen was 26 years old
Go to Wumen and visit Zhang Sanxu.
In 1714, in the 53rd year of Kangxi, he was 28 years old
Spring,Li EVisit to Jinnong;Xia and Li E visit Wang Ciyan.
In 1715, in the 54th year of Kangxi, he was 29 years old
In autumn, Li E visited the river and Jinnong came outlearned scholarMagu Temple of Immortals, Stele of Yan Lu Gong Ancestral HallMi FuFa Tie Rubbings, etc.Li E observes Jinnong's calligraphy and discusses it with poetry.
In 1716, in the 55th year of Kangxi, Bing Shen was 30 years old
Travel with Li E.Sick shop（malaria）On the river, takeCui GuofuThe meaning of the poem "Lonely Embrace Winter Heart" begins with the name "Mr. Winter Heart".He wrote Thirty Qualifying Sentences for People, named Jing Shen Ji;Bao Xuan attached the manuscript and Li E wrote the preface.
Ding You was 31 years old in the 56th year of Kangxi in 1717
In Chen Zhuan's Yujishanfang, I watched the plum blossom paintings of Song people.Spring, see the Tang Rubbings of Han Stone Portraits in the Wuling Temple and make postscript.Qiu, Yang Zhi and Chen Zhang met Jinnong,
Show 240 kinds of rubbings of Han and Tang Dynasties.
Xia, together with Li E, went to Changxing to visit Bao Xuan and Ruoxi.Write two Ruoxiqu songs.It is recorded in a poem that it was written this year《Orchid and Bamboo Painting》。
In 1720, in the 59th year of Kangxi, Gengzi was 34 years old
Traveling in Yangzhou with his own poetry collection Jingshen Collection, he was widely praised.Winter is in Yangzhou.The postscript of Magu Temple of Immortals was signed by Jin Sinang.
The 60th year of Kangxi in 1721Xin Chou35 years old
Visit Yangzhou in spring.Meet Yu Yuanjia and others.Autumn, travel with friendsChan-zhi Temple, followed byRegular scriptPoems on Visiting Zen Temple.Back to the old house on the river at the end of the year
Sort out the Stone Carved Qi Calligraphy of Dongxinzhai.He wrote running script "Tang Shu with Gao Xi".
In 1722, in the 61st year of Kangxi, Ren Yin was 36 years old
He Zhuo, my teacher, is a soldier.
1723YongzhengGuimao, 37 years old in the first year
In 1724, Jiachen, the second year of Yongzheng, was 38 years old
In Yangzhou, enjoy the famous calligraphy and painting works in the riverTianning TempleMoving to Jingye Jingshe;He wrote "Running Script Self written Poetry Book".
The third year of Yongzheng in 1725Yi Si39 years old
"Li Shu Wang Biao's Well Fu".It was renamed Jinnong from Jinsinong in that year,Word byShoutian is more Shoumen.
Spring, start makingZezhouTour, friendWang Shishen, Li EMa YueluSee you off withPoetryOf.After visiting the capital, I met Xu Baoguang, a fellow scholar, a noble A Jin, and a calligrapherWang ShuEtc.Invest in Zezhou, Shanxi in SeptemberChen Zhuangdu(word You'an) for three years.
The fourth year of Yongzheng in 1726Bing Wu40 years old
Spring, interviewShengwangping, Shicongyuan.In autumn, visit Jixiang Temple and pass Beiqi Jing to get the scriptures written by eminent monk SongRemnant copy。
The fifth year of Yongzheng in 1727Ding Wei41 years old
When he was in Zezhou, Chen Zhuang's shoes were worn, and he wrote "Two Poems of Dragon Birthday Fragrance" to sendWu ZhuoLi E wrote "To Ding Jing" and "Recalling the Old Tour of Kangshan" to cherish Ma Yueguan
Ma Yuelu, Wang ShishenSoar, Yu Yuanjia and other friends.
The sixth year of Yongzheng in 1728Wu Shen42 years old
Still visiting the Chen family in ZezhouTaihang MountainIn the middle of the Tao, he wrote "Ma Chui Ming".
In 1729, the seventh year of Yongzheng, Youyou was 43 years old
Spring and MarchReturn to the south, take a tour of Zezhoujin memorial temple, Taiyuan, etcraise one's headThe seal "The letter after the lady closes the horse";Spring painted a 43 year old portrait of himself. Ten years later, he wrote three self titled 43 year old portrait.toYaoduhave toZhao MengfuOne letter.
The eighth year of Yongzheng in 1730Geng Chen44 years old
Returning south in MayQufuStay in April, write official script "Wang Rong Zhuan" and "Wang Xiu Ji" in Qufu in September, return to Yangzhou in early winter, and write "Running Script and Inkstone Inscription" for Mr. Xuexuan in Yangzhou in November.
1731, the ninth year of Yongzheng Reign, Xinhai, 45 years old
Spring comes to Wuxing, crosses Liangxi, and observes Xu Lu of Wang Xuzhou in Tingsong TempleInk bamboo, autumn, in Zhenzhou (today's JiangsuYizheng）Take a boat to write "Two Boats on the Zhenzhou River in Chuzhong", and go back to Yangzhou via Xiaogu Mountain, Jiangling and Wuchang.Visit Bao Xuan again in Wuxing, and visit Wuxing at the end of the yearYao ShiyuLotus Villa。The book has "Lishu Title Ni Zanxi Mountain Autumn Poetry Axis".
Kui Chou, 47, the 11th year of Yongzheng in 1733
Spring, boating in Wuzhong, Youqu'a（Danyang）ToRunzhou(Zhenjiang）Cross the river to Yangzhou.Qiu Xinbian《Mr. Dong Xin Collection》(Volume IV) Carved in Guangling Prajna Temple.The preface of December, "Winter Heart Studio Inscription", was printed in the same year, and its poem name is widely handed down.There are biographies of Zhang Rong, Cai Zhonglang, etc.
He began to grow beards, known as "bearded gold".In August, Gui'an ordered Qiu Luqing to visit Wuxing.In September, we visited Guangling.
He wrote "Feibai Song" for the Chu Mausoleum in Heyang to praise Feibai.In winter, Ma Brothers, a salt merchant, gathered in Xiaolinglong Mountain Pavilion. Jin Nong and many friends attended.The books include the Stele Book of Huashan Temple near the Western Mountains and the Ritual Axis of Lishu Zhou Dynasty.The semi cursive letter "Yu Bao Shu".
The 13th year of Yongzheng in 1735Yi Mao49 years old
Spring, boating Xiaojia Lake.Summer, travel to Chuzhou.In autumn, he returned to Qiantang from Chuzhou and studied in Jiliu Mountain.This year, Qiu Luqing, the magistrate of Wuxing Countybattle-axe as a symbol of a military commander's authorityDoctor (Student Envoy)Handsome NianzuSponsored farmers shouldErudite Hongci。Jin Nong expressed "dilemma" in his book "Schooling Envoy Shuai Gong Shu".The book has "Lishu Miscellaneous Notes".
In 1736, he was 50 years old on the third day of Qianlong's first year
JinnongyinGui'an CountyQiu Luqing was asked to recommend the learned and excellent Ci poetry to the Jie Yue doctor again.Go to Beijing to take an exam.After reporting back to the south, he stayed in Qufu.At the end of the year, he returned to Yang and Hangzhou.Since this year, Jinnong began to sell calligraphy and paintings.
Ding Ji was 51 years old in the second year of Qianlong in 1737
Wuwu, the fifth year of Qianlong in 1738, 52 years old
In 1739, Qianlong was younger than 53 years ago
Gengshen was 54 years old in the fifth year of Qianlong in 1740
Wang Shishen is hereYangzhou CityBuy a thatched cottage and make《Migration map》Jin Nong and others have poems to congratulate them.Jinnong has "Seven character Rhythm Poetry Axis".
In 1746, the 11th year of Qianlong's reign, Bing Yin was 60 years old
On March 3, there were 63 people in the West Lake of Ermin, the governor of Hangzhou, and Jinnong participated.I began to learn bamboo painting, and I like living in housesZuo YouguangWe plant bamboo forests and take bamboo as our teacher.I wrote four poems in March to celebrate my 60th birthday,Wang TushenI wrote "The 60th Anniversary of Winter" to congratulate you.July toRestingXin'an, Jinling, winter, Yangzhou.
Ding Mao was 61 years old in the 12th year of Qianlong's reign in 1747
The 14th year of Qianlong in 1749Ji Si63 years old
In autumn, I lived on the Qiantang River with the old Jieju Society of neighboring Qu.Spring, lying on the river.In winter, I visited Guangling, passed Wang Shishen's Thatched Cottage, and appreciated each other's calligraphy.
In 1750, the 15th year of Qianlong's reign, he was 64 years old
In April, visit Yanzhong, WuxingJingkouAnd return to Guangling.In June, I visited Wuxing, went to Wumen, and returned to Yangzhou.Chapter 58 of the Inscription of Mr. Dong Xin's Bamboo Painting was carved in Sinian.Preface 60: Learn to draw bamboo.
At the beginning of the year, I made a lacquer scroll for my old friendBorder Shoumin。The books include "Paint Book, Eight Chapters of Childhood, Horizontal Volume" and "Regular Script, Fan Face, Lotus Picking Song".
Renshen was 66 years old in the 17th year of Qianlong in 1752
The preface to Mr. Dongxin's sequel written by Chun, and the preface to Mr. Dongxin's three body poem."Five character Couplet of Official Script".The books include Seven character Couplet of Lacquer Book Flower Sliver Paper, Sutra of Lacquer Book Xiang He, Letter of Running Script to Fang Fu, and Letter of Running Script and Wunanzhuang.
1753 Eighteenth year of QianlongGui You67 years old
Spring, back to his hometown in Hangzhou, please ask Ding Jing to write a preface to Mr. Dongxin's sequel.Yangzhou in AutumnChen ShiHome.Self written portrait sent to Zheng Xie.By Wang ShishenBlindnessAfter that, a large amount ofRagweed。
In 1755, the 20th year of Qianlong's reign, Yihai was 69 years old
Lu Yayu invited more than 20 celebrities to repair the deed of the Red Bridge for the first time, and Jin Nong was among them.With Zheng XieYuan MeiEtcLi FangyingThe Inscription and Postscript of the Painting of Plum Blossoms.
The 21st year of Qianlong in 1756Bing Zi70 years old
Autumn, living in YangzhouXixi Temple。There are two books, "Lacquer" Axis "(after signing, calligraphy began to write" Craving for Brush Eight Points "after 70 years), and" Book of Poems of Xixie Lu in Regular Script ".
Ding Chou was 71 years old in the 22nd year of Qianlong in 1757
On March 3, Lu Yayu repaired the Hongqiao contract for the second time, and Jinnong participated.Self carved "Hundred and Two Inkstone Field Rich Man" seal.collectLuo PinHe is a poetry disciple.The books include the Seven character Couplet of Qingfu in Gaoxuan, the Scroll of Ancient Ballads in Lacquer Book, and the Scroll of Crane Sutra in Lacquer Book.
The 23rd year of Qianlong in 1758Wu Yin72 years old
In the spring, Ding Jing engraved for Jin Nong "only send a little lovesickness".The book has "Painting the Stele Axis of Huashan Temple in Xiyue".
In 1759, the 24th year of Qianlong's reign, Ji Mao was 73 years old
All recipients are disciples.Many self written portraits were given to Ding Jing, Luo Pin, Xiang Jun, etc.
Gengchen was 74 years old in the 25th year of Qianlong in 1760
《self-composed musical piece》Luo PinYang JueCarve.The books include Preface to Cold Poems in Regular Script and Letters of Running Script Poems.
In 1761, in the 26th year of Qianlong's reign, Xin Si was 75 years old
Writing and commenting on Zheng Xie's bamboo paintings.doClerical script seven character couplet。In the Painting of Plum Blossoms, he wrote a poem, "There is only one person in his declining years, with plum cranes, sickness and hunger as his companions".
Renwu, 76, the 27th year of Qianlong in 1762
Qianlong swam south across Yangzhou and presented it in his poem.As an inscription of Li calligraphy and painting Buddha.The book includes "The horizontal scroll of poems on the wall of Xixie Lu inscribed in lacquer".
In autumn and September, he died in Yangzhou Buddha House.In the 29th year of Qianlong's reignHang ShijunRaised funds, Luo Pin helped the coffin and was buried in HangzhouLinpingHuanghe Mountain。
“Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics”, the common saying isLi Xuan(Futang)Wang Shishen(Nest Forest)Soar(Western Tang Dynasty), Jinnong (Dongxin)Huang Shen(Gall ladle)Zheng Xie(slab bridge)Li Fangying(Qiu Zhong)Luo Pin(Two peaks).In addition, there are at least five statements involving more than a dozen painters, but Jin Nong is one of the core figures in the "Eight Eccentrics".Why do people call it "strange"?What are the "strange" and "strange" aspects?
This "strange" first refers to the unorthodox style of the work.After Jin Nong and others took the crown of "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", they were recognized by the society and talked about with relish, and widely spread.In addition to the reason of artistic style, it also contains a variety of unusual factors, such as individual behavior, mode of thinking, and concept of life.No wonder friendsQuan ZuwangCall him a "freak".
Jinnong has a wide range of friends, ranging from famous public ministers and wealthy tycoons to the poor people who sell milk and lead cars.He also has a strange temper when making friends.The people he despised not only said a few words without thinking, but also paid them back with contempt, not to mention seeking his poems, calligraphy and paintings.But never judge a good friend by his wealth.
Among Jin Nong's many friends, one was living at that timeYangzhouOfZheng BanqiaoThe two people like to have a good time together.Zheng Banqiao once said that "only Jinnong is good in Hangzhou".In addition to their common outlook on life and art, they are very congenial in personality and temperament.Jinnong often feasts, music, prostitutes[9]He has traveled for 15 years in his middle age and has traveled half of China.Where can I get the travel expenses?In addition to begging for alms and his friends' support, he recruited and selected a group of skilled craftsmen to form a self-sufficient "technical tour group". Jin Nong acted as the "head" of the group. Everyone in the group had a skill, such as Yongdong Zhu Longhao, who was good at carving ink stones, and Xin'an Zhang Xizi, the elite worldfine black lines drawn on paper or woven in white silk for painting，Joint inspectionZheng Xiaoyi is good at copying, Wu Menzhuang boudoir can play musical instruments, and Chen Peng of Lanling is good at drawing ink bamboo. Every time he goes to a place, the whole group will carry out activities to raise travel funds.This method is unique among the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou".
Jin Nong has the feelings of a romantic poet, the demeanor of a slovenly calligrapher and painter, and the temperament of an unrestrained wild scholar.Secondly, Jinnong was poor in his later years. Although social reasons could not be excluded, there were also reasons of his own.The income of Jinnong is also quite considerable, but as a result, the old people have no money to be buried, which is a tragedy.
KangxiQianlongThe calligraphy circle of the times is“Calligraphy”Unify the world.Jin Nong, Zheng Xie and others raised the banner of rebellion and became the leaders of the revival of calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty.Jinnong's calligraphy art, like his paintings, is characterized by simplicity and simplicity, and has the artistic characteristics of "looking for excellence in calligraphy".Judging from the handwriting handed down from generation to generation, its clerical script is ancient, quaint and elegant,Orthodox scriptPiao Hou disagrees that running script is vigorous and unrestrained, and the most influential one is his first "lacquer script".The origin of the word "lacquer script" cannot be drawn, so the head is thick and the tail is thin, like its shape and ears. "Second, great calligraphers in the Song DynastyMi FuWhen commenting on his calligraphy, he said, "The minister's calligraphy brushes the characters." It can be seen that "lacquer calligraphy" refers to a special method of using pen and ink.The ink Jinnong used to write the lacquer book was "500 jin of oil" made from self selected ink smoke."Jinnong ink" is thick like paint. "When you look at it, it seems that there are hairs where the paper and ink meet, and the light ripples slowly". The words written are protruding on the paper, and a touch of the finger is ink dye.The brush used is "cutting the end of the brush", flat as a brush, dipped with thick ink, and the strokes are only folded, like the operation of a paint brush.The words written in this way seem vulgar and simple, without any rules or meaning. In fact, they focus on everything, eliminate the details, and get the magnificent charm.The precipitous and magnificent structure and the simple and dull charm of gold and stone are all combined in the style of black, thick, heavy and condensed.
Because of Jinnong's life experience, he sells words and paintings as a career, which inevitably brings business habits into the art field.Many admirers are not bosom friends, and many works obviously have the suspicion of social intercourse. There is even the situation that "teachers sell paintings by students, and students' paintings also rely on teachers' biography", and "pictures become famous, and the world is shocked by thick ink painting", which leads to the controversy of "Jin Nong has no painting theory".Although these circumstances have brought certain difficulties to Jinnong's appreciation and comment on calligraphy and painting, it can never be denied that his work style conforms to the trend of historical and cultural development at that time, and has made contributions to expressing personality, attacking current shortcomings, and advocating new thinking.
On December 19, 2009, Jinnong's Flower and Fruit Album, known as the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", set the highest transaction record in Xiling auction at a price of 39.76 million yuan in Hangzhou auction.[7]
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Travel north and south and return.In the evening, we live in Yangzhou and sell calligraphy and painting for our own needs.He is curious and eager to learn. He is good at poetry and calligraphy. His poetry is ancient, abstruse and unique, and he is good at identification.Calligraphy creates a flat pen style, which has both regular script and clerical script. It was called "lacquer calligraphy" at that time.In order to gather ink and facilitate writing, the usual soft hair is in the form of water drops, but Jinnong specially cuts the end of the brush into the same neat shape, and writes on the paper like painting.Many people have mixed comments on Jinnong's "lacquer book". Those who like it are naturally fond of it, and those who don't like it are also generous in criticism.He didn't paint until he was fifty-three years old.His paintings have a strange and ancient shape. He is good at making flower sketches with light ink dry pen, especially painting plum blossoms.[8]
