Phenolic compounds widely exist in nature, such asEugenolExists inEugenol oil(including about 80%)（Laurel leaf oil80%),ThymolExists inThyme oil(50% or so) Medium, all commonly used spices.Most phenolic compounds have aroma, and their varieties account for about 5% of the total number of spices.As 2Phenyl ether、Anisole、Rose etherThey are commonly used perfume compounds.[1]
Explanation of "Phenolic Compounds" in Academic Literature
According to itsvolatilityIt includes volatile phenol and nonvolatile phenol.Phenolic compounds in nature are mostlyPlant life activitiesAs a result, the phenols contained in plants are called endogenous phenols, and the rest are calledExogenousPhenol.
Phenolic compounds have special aromatic odor, are weakly acidic, and are easy to be oxidized in the environment.
Endogenous phenol
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Studies have shown that somebiological activityCompounds play a beneficial role in human health.Among these bioactive compoundsPhenolsDerivatives.Many beverages contain these compounds, such asWine, tea, coffee, etc.
Phenolic derivatives are compounds containing phenols, which are a huge complex family of compounds.Because of its high hydroxyl substitutionReactivityAnd its phagocytosisFree radicalThese compounds have the potential of antioxidant activity.These compounds can be divided into two categories:Flavonoids(extracts of pericarp, seed and stem) and non flavonoids (extracts of cell vacuoles).Flavonoids constitute low molecular weightpolyphenolBase;They can be further divided into flavonoidsXanthone alcoholAnd flavanone.Flavonoids have a variety of biological effects. Because of their chelating properties, they have been proved to have anti-inflammatoryAntiallergic reaction、antiviralAnd anti-cancer properties.
Phenolic compounds exist in plants and undergo a series of reactions in various stages of their processing to form changeable beveragesMass characteristicsCompound phenolic compounds of.Phenolic components will also affect the changes of beverage quality characteristics, such as taste, color, convergence, etc.manyGrapeGrowers have begun to use phenolic components to assess the impact of various wine making methods on the quality of finished products.
Drinks areFlavonoidsAnd other phenolic derivatives.These substances are regarded as importantAntioxidantsNutrient source of.Some studies have shown that the increased absorption of vitamins and other antioxidants by the human body can promote the oxidative protection of the human body against free radical erosion.
There are various fat carrying proteins orLipoprotein。As a result of the oxidation of free radicals and their structural changes,Low density lipoprotein(LDL) andheart diseaseIt is directly related.Low density lipoprotein (LDL) deposits on the fibrous wall of the blood vessel and causes other components of the blood to gather, resulting inblood flowRestricted and causes heart disease.And in the beverageantioxidantComposition can be reducedlipidOxidation and formation of anti heart disease protection.U.S.AUniversity Of California Our research shows that:Red WineThe phenolic compounds contained invitamin EIt can effectively reduce the infarct caused by arterial stenosis.The research also shows that phenolic compounds can also preventplateletFormation of clots;Different types of phenolic derivatives have different effects on platelets.
Phenolic compounds can also inhibitleukemiaThe anti proliferation effect of cell growth is equal to or even greater than that of traditional anti-cancer factors.FlavonoidsThrough its non-toxic mechanism, it may alsoDNA、RNAIt can inhibit leukemia cells through the transfer of protein and the synthesis of protein in cells.
Exogenous phenol
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Phenol is the most toxic of phenolic compounds, usuallyPhenolic wastewaterIn which phenol andCresolThe content of is the highest.Phenol and cresol are commonly used in environmental monitoringvolatilityPhenol asPollution index。
In the environmentPhenol contaminationIt mainly refers to the pollution of phenolic compounds to water bodies. Phenolic wastewater is harmful and has a wide range of pollution in the world todayindustrial waste waterOne is the important source of water pollution in the environment.In many industrial fields, such as gas, coking, oil refining, metallurgyMachinery manufacturing, glasspetrochemical industryPhenols are contained in waste water discharged from wood fiber, chemical organic synthesis industry, plastics, medicine, pesticide, paint and other industries.If the wastewater is directly discharged and irrigated without treatment, it can pollute the air, water, soil and food.
Phenol is a kind of chemical poison with medium strengthProtoplasmInproteinhappenchemical reaction。At low concentration, it can denature cells, and at high concentration, it can coagulate proteins.Phenolic compounds can beSkin mucosa、respiratory tractAnd the digestive tract into the body.Low concentration may cause cumulative chronic poisoning, while high concentration may causeacute poisoningSo that he died of coma.Generally speaking, after phenol enters the human body, the body will transform it into non-toxic substances through its own detoxification function and expel them from the body.Only when the intake exceeds the detoxification function can it accumulate and lead to chronic poisoning, which is manifested asdizzy、headache, nervousAnorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms.
Because of the extensive use of phenol, it is difficult to prevent its pollution.A strict operation system must be established in the plant producing and using phenol to prevent the outflow of phenol.At the same time, recycling and utilization of waste waterBiological oxidation treatmentIt is strictly prohibited to discharge phenol containing wastewaterSeepage well、Seepage pitTo avoid polluting groundwater.
