Yongfeng · Dingzhifang Zhong is a poem in the Book of Songs, the first poetry collection in the history of Chinese literature.This poem is about eulogizing the merits and virtues of Wei Wengong.The whole poem consists of three chapters, seven sentences in each chapter.The first chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's government building a palace, the second chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's planning for Buji, and the third chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's urging Nongsang, with a broad background and a grand scene.>>>
Yongfeng · Dingzhifang Zhong is the first poetry collection in the history of Chinese literature《The Book of Songs》A poem in.This poem is about eulogizing merits and virtues, and the object of praise isDuke Wei Wengong。The whole poem consists of three chapters, seven sentences in each chapter.The first chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's government building a palace, the second chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's planning for Buji, and the third chapter mainly describes the scene of Weiwen's urging Nongsang, with a broad background and a grand scene.
In the prescribed prescription, it was made in the Chu Palace③。Since the day of Coyett④, which was made in Chu Room.Hazelnut of Tree⑤, chair Tongzi paint⑥I love playing zither⑦。
It's empty to ascend the enemy⑧To look at Chu⑨。Watching Chu and Tang⑩, Jingshan and Beijing⑪。Look down on mulberry⑫。Bu Yunqiji⑬The end is not allowed to Zang⑭。
The rain is zero⑮, order the man⑯。Xingyan Sujia⑰, said Yu Sangtian⑱。A bandit is also a man⑲, fill the abyss with integrity⑳。Three thousand㉑。[1]
Annotation translation
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Word and sentence annotation
① Yong (y ō ng) style: a popular tune in Yongdi.The Book of Songs“Fifteen Country Style”One, there are ten articles.Yong, the name of the state of the Zhou Dynasty, is located in the north of Weihui City, Henan Province today.
② Ding: Xingxiu is also called Yingshi Star.At the turn of October, it is advisable to set the direction and build a palace when the stars are still dim and upright.
③ Made in the Chu Palace: the palace was built at the Chu Hill.Yu, the ancient voice is connected with "Wei", which means to act.Chu, Chuqiu, a place name, is located in the east of Huaxian County and west of Puyang, Henan Province.
④ Ku í: measure.Sun: Sunshadow.
⑤ Trees: planting, planting.Hazelnut: a deciduous tree. Hazelnut is round in shape and thick in shell. The chestnut is larger than the hazel.Both fruits are edible and delicious.
⑥ Chair Tongzi lacquer: four kinds of wood are good materials for making zither.Chair, paulownia tree.Tung, that is, plane trees.Catalpa, good wood, for building and furniture.Lacquer, tree sap can be used to paint things.
⑦ Yuan á n: So.
⑧ Sheng: Deng.Xu (q Lu): the old city.When talking about Daqiu, it's the same as "market".
⑨ Look: Look.
⑩ Tang: Chu Hill is a nearby town.
⑪ Jingshan: Dashan.Jing: Gao Qiu.
⑫ Down: Get down from a high place.Observation: inspection.Sang: Sangtian.
⑬ Bu Yunqiji: After divination, the result is auspicious.
⑭ Allow: Yes.Zang: Good, good.
⑮ Ling: Good.Zero: Falling rain.
⑯ Waiter: I'm driving.
⑰ Star said: sunny.Su: Morning.
⑱ Say, "tax", rest.
⑲ Bandit: Just like that.Zhi: Teya.
⑳ Grasping heart: be careful and worry.Saiyuan: down-to-earth and profound.
㉑騋騋騋 (l á i): A horse over seven feet.Female (p ì n): female horse.Three thousand: approximate number means many.[2-6]
Vernacular translation
Dingxing is now in the middle of the sky, and the construction of Chuqiu Temple has begun.The shadow is used to measure the direction and build the foundation work of the house.Planting hazelnut and chestnut trees, as well as catalpa lacquer chair sycamore trees, can be used as zither.
Climb on the ruins of the old city and look at the Chu Hill.See Chu Hill and Tang Yi, as well as high hills and hills.Go down the mountain and watch the mulberry in the field. The result of divination is very lucky, and the future is bright and promising.
The fine rain had just finished, and the order was given to the steward.Drive early in the starlight and stop in the mulberry field.Not only are we honest for the people, but we are honest and considerate. We should raise three thousand stallions![2-3]
Creation background
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Yongfeng · Dingzhifangzhong is regarded as a reminiscence of the events of that time in the late years of Wei Wengong or after his death, which has an epic nature.This poem and《Daya Gongliu》It was written that the ancestors of Zhou people, Gongliu, led Zhou people to move from Tai to Bin, which was quite similar to the topography, the capital city, and the farmland.
This poem is eulogizing the merits and virtues of Wei Wengong.Wei YigongWhen he was a Taoist, he was dissolute and corrupt. He was righteous and liked cranes. He gave them food and salaries and rode in a car. People's hearts were scattered.In the ninth year of Duke Yi of Wei (660 BC), the Di people attacked the Wei, but the Wei people were not motivated to fight. Duke Yi died, and Wei died.Less than a thousand Wei adherents crossed the Yellow River. Qi and Song helped Wei and established Duke Dai. Lu lived in Caoyi (now east of the old city of Huaxian County, Henan Province) temporarily.Before long, Duke Dai died, and his younger brother, Duke Wen, was destroyed.Duke Huan of QiSend troops to defend the country that has survived.Caoyi was not suitable for building its capital. In the 28th year of Duke Huan of Qi (658 BC), Duke Huan of Qi led the princes to help move to Chu Hill.When Wei Wengong was ordered to be in danger, he worked hard to make the country stronger and stronger.In the 18th year of Duke Wei Wengong (642 BC), Xing and Di joined forces to attack and defend. Duke Wei Wengong led his troops to repel the enemy. The next year, he crusaded against Xing. His national strength was different from that of Duke Yi.《Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals·In the third year of Duke Min, it was recorded that "Duke Wei Wengong's clothes were made of cloth, and his silk was the crown of silk. He served as a material and trained farmers, cooperated with businesses and benefited workers, respected education and encouraged students, and gave people the ability to do so. In the first year, he changed his chariot by 30 riders, and in the fourth year, it was 300 riders." It can be seen that the national strength of Duke Wei Wengong has increased nearly tenfold in the later period.Wei Wengong is not short of literary and martial arts skills, and can be called the king of Zhongxing in the Wei State.Therefore, Chinese people wrote this poem to praise him.[2-4]
Appreciation of works
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Overall appreciation
Yongfeng · Dingzhifang is divided into three chapters, each chapter has seven sentences.The first chapter is about the construction of the palace in Chuqiu.In ancient times, science and technology were relatively primitive. Building a mansion needed orientation, and only depended on the sun.The fixed star appears in the due south sky at dusk from October 15 to early November of the lunar calendar every year. It can accurately determine the north-south orientation when it corresponds to the Polaris.As far as things are concerned, we can also know the shadow of Coyett.In late October, there was a slack season, and the severe cold had not yet arrived. The ancients built palaces and rooms at this time, which was quite scientific.As for planting trees, in ancient times, famous trees should be planted beside palaces and temples, such as "nine spines" and "three locusts"."Hazelnut" is planted in Chuqiu Temple and other places, and the fruits of these two trees can be sacrificed;The "chair tung catalpa lacquer" has been planted, and these four kinds of trees are all good materials for making zither.The ancients built buildings with both cultural and natural landscapes, which is also an inspiration for today."Love cutting zither" is very interesting.It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to grow people. At the beginning of the founding of the country, we considered that we could sing and dance in the future, and the zither was melodious. It can be seen that those who are prudent and confident, and who are not complacent, can taste the praise implied in the poem.The first chapter is about group labor, such scientific planning, such tension and order, and such pride and self-confidence. In the lines of poetry that are quite tidy and slightly march, the readers seem to feel the bright and warm pulse when the defenders rebuild their homes.However, it is impossible for people to work spontaneously and blindly, and it is also impossible for people to be leaderless. Who planned and led this large-scale project, which caused a little suspense, and naturally turned into the reason of flashback in the second chapter. The organization has a tendency of ups and downs.
The second chapter recounts the whole process of Wei Wengong's divination of Chu Hill.The whole process includes two levels: to fulfill personnel and respect the destiny of heaven.The first five sentences are "looking" first, and then "observing".Looking is to climb up to the ancient ruins of Caoyi and look at Chu Hill.The repetition of "looking at Chu" shows that the description is extremely detailed, cautious and prudent.In addition.We also inspected the nearby Tangyi and the high and low hills.This shows that Duke Wen has rich knowledge of geomancy."View" is to lower the view, go down to the field to check the soil and water for sericulture, and whether it is suitable for farming and fishing.These are fundamental plans for the national economy and the people's livelihood, and as a worthy monarch, he will not neglect them.These five sentences, from "climbing" to "descending", from "looking" to "watching", scan the whole scene in a grand way, and portray the image of Wen Gong who is both forward-looking and down-to-earth in a broad and magnificent background.The last two sentences are about divination. After the "providence" approves, the personnel will be determined.
It is different from the two chapters in terms of bold strokes, but the three chapters show the spirit in details.In the third chapter, I write about the Duke of Wen's advice to Nongsang."Good rain knows the season". One night, the spring rain continued to moisten the earth. At dawn, the sky turned clear. Wengong rose in the morning, covered with stars and the moon, and ordered the coachman to set up a car to go to Sangtian.The message to be conveyed by this detailed description is self-evident: Duke Wen attaches great importance to agricultural production and personally goes to persuade farming and supervision.From the small to the big, it is not difficult to imagine the situation of Duke Wen's tiredness in the state affairs.The last three sentences of the three chapters are the conclusion of the whole article, revealing the theme: he is not an ordinary person, and his intentions are so profound.
The narrative of the whole poem uses the technique of Fu to let people taste the lasting appeal of praise from Fu.Although the two sentences of "bandits are straight and human, and the heart is strong," are also poems, they are more lyrical.Because Wengong "seizes the abyss with his heart", upholds reality and does not use red tape to make superficial remarks, it makes the country from weak to strong.1、 All the narrations in the second and third chapters revolve around the idea of "closing the abyss with a heart".The last sentence of the poem "three thousand women" seems to be different from the whole poem, but it actually constitutes a causal relationship.The above reasons for divining the land, building palaces and promoting agriculture are the result of this sentence.A strong army often reflects the prosperity of a country. Under the governance of the Duke of Wen, the country of Wei is indeed getting richer and stronger.《The Original Book of Songs》He also spoke highly of Wengong's governance of the Wei Dynasty, saying that he was "a great country in Hebei Province with a strong military force and a flourishing sericulture within a few years. Later, Confucius felt comfortable with the Wei Dynasty, and his contribution to reconstruction could not be lost".[2]
Comments of famous experts
Song dynastyWang Bai"Poem Doubt": "It is necessary to plant trees before working as a studio for zither and zither. It can be seen that its scale is far-reaching."[6]
the Qing dynastyNiu Yunzhen《Poetic chronicle》"The word 'Lingyu' is fantastic. The word 'good rain knows the season' in Du's poems is also a footnote to the word 'Lingyu'. The word 'both' is more or less lucky, but the word 'joyous rain' in later generations is not so inspiring."[6]
the Qing dynastyFang Yurun"The Original Book of Songs": "It is always said to be industrious in order to become rich and common. The sentence of" Bingxin "is the main idea of the whole poem."[6]
