Zhengzhou Station was built in 1904, the thirtieth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty;In 1953, the reconstruction and expansion project of Zhengzhou Station was started;In 1956, the reconstructed and expanded station was put into use;In 1988, Zhengzhou Station was reconstructed and expanded again;In December 1999, the main building of Zhengzhou Station was put into use[2]。
As of January 2024, Zhengzhou Station covers an area of 400000 square meters, with a total construction area of 212000 square meters;Station scale: 7 sets, 14 lines[3][33][68]。
From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China
In April of the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1897), the Beijing Han Railway (then known asLuhan Railway）Zhengzhou Station is the railway station on the line.
In March 1904, the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Zhengzhou Station was built, located in the originalZheng CountyWest of the city[4]There are only two bungalows and four tracks in the station[34]。
In February of the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), the construction of Zhengxian section of Longhai Railway was completed[34]。On April 1 of the same year, after the opening of the whole Beijing Wuhan Railway, Zhengzhou Station was rated as a first-class station[2]。
In the second year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1910), Luhan Railway and Longhai Railway, which are of great significance in China's railway history, met at Zhengzhou Station[33]。
In February of the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1911), Zhengzhou Station put into use an iron overpass[5][29]。
Iron overpass
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Longhai Railway was put into operation, and Zhengzhou Station was the hub of Longhai Railway[2]。
In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the newly built ticket office and waiting shelter of Zhengzhou Railway Station were put into use.
In September of the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), the freight station of Zhengzhou Railway Station was started.
From the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the period of reform and opening up
In 1953, the reconstruction and expansion project of Zhengzhou Station started[6]。
On March 8, 1956, the expansion project of Zhengzhou Station was started.In the same year, Zhengzhou Station was designated as a first-class station by the former Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China[7]。
In 1957, Zhengzhou Station overpass was started.
In 1958, Zhengzhou Station was transformed into an expanded station[2]。
In August 1959, Zhengzhou Station put the newly built station overpass into use.
In October 1971, the construction of the storm shelter, overpass and drainage reconstruction project of the first platform of Zhengzhou Station started.
In June 1972, the reconstruction project of the second, third and fourth platform awnings of Zhengzhou Station was started.
In 1988, Zhengzhou Station was reconstructed and expanded again[2]。
In 1992, Zhengzhou Railway Station opened the reconstructed station yard.
In 1995, the north and south auxiliary buildings of Zhengzhou Station were completed and put into use.
On December 28, 1999, the main building of Zhengzhou Station was put into use[34]。
In December 2006, the construction of Zhengzhou West Railway Station Building started[8]。
On December 15, 2007, the underground connection project at the south exit of Zhengzhou Railway Station was started. The project consists of three parts: passenger passage, exit hall and evacuation hall.It allows passengers to enter the railway station square directly through the newly excavated underground exit channel in the south of the railway station;Passengers who get off platforms 2 to 6 of Zhengzhou Railway Station and leave the station directly enter the south underground exit hall, and then enter the railway station square through the evacuation hall, realizing the change from ground ticket checking to underground ticket checking[47]。At the end of the same year, the construction of the station yard and station building of Zhengzhou Station West Exit Project began[45]。
In February 2008, Zhengzhou Station West Exit Project was approved by the former Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China.On March 10 of the same year, the South Exit of Zhengzhou Station of Zhengzhou Station was opened. Passengers checking out from the South Underground Exit can directly enter the square in front of Zhengzhou Station from the five underground exits.On the same day, the second phase of Zhengzhou Station underground connection project with a planned construction period of 25 days was started. The construction scope included the underground passage at the north exit, Fushou Street, Dunmu Road and Qiaojiamen Road, with a total construction area of 120000 square meters. During the construction, the north exit of Zhengzhou Station was closed and reconstructed, and its external use was suspended. Social vehicles were forbidden to pass in the south of Zhengzhou Station Square[47]。On April 5 of the same year, the second phase of underground connection project in Zhengzhou Station area was completed. Taxis at the south exit of Zhengzhou Station were waiting for passengers according to the current waiting position, that is, the position of getting on and off passengers was adjusted to the intersection of Datong Road and Yima Road at the south end of the railway station square, and then drove out of the railway station area along Yima Road;The north exit of Zhengzhou Station uses the social parking lot on the south side as the taxi boarding and alighting station.Taxis enter the square along the east side of the parking lot, turn around and enter the parking lot. Six rows of taxi passages are set in the parking lot to start at the same time, and drive out of the railway station area via Erma Road[48]。On May 3 of the same year, the construction of the supporting rail transit project at the west exit of Zhengzhou Station with a planned duration of 600 days was commenced, which consists of the railway station of the supporting rail transit project at the west exit of Zhengzhou Station and the channel on the north side of the east-west square connecting channel, including the main works and ancillary works of the station[49]。In the same year, Zhengzhou Railway Station will continue to build station buildings, elevated corridors, pillarless awnings, high platform reconstruction and other projects, and at the same time, the construction of the West Exit Plaza with a total area of 159000 square meters will be started.Zhengzhou Station West Exit Project with a construction period of 12 months includes new station buildings, passages, expansion of existing elevated waiting rooms, connection of existing station buildings and other related projects;New column free canopy and high platform;Newly built 7 platform, arrival departure track reconstruction and related supporting works[45-46]。
At the end of December 2009, the construction of Zhengzhou Zhanxi Exit Project was basically completed. For the first time, a special elevator was set up for the disabled. There were 30 ticket windows and taxis going in and out underground[50-51]。
In January 2010, the weather shed without platform column at Zhengzhou Station was completed and put into use,[31]The maximum span of canopy is 61 meters[46]；On December 28 of the same year, the west station building of Zhengzhou Railway Station was put into use[6][9]。
On January 24, 2012, Zhengzhou Station upgraded the dispatching system, which will carry out reloading construction for the microcomputer signal interlocking equipment in the station, and upgrade the transportation organization and dispatching system to improve the efficiency of the station transportation command[52]。
After the map adjustment on July 1, 2014, Zhengzhou Station ushered in the era of stopping every train.[65]
On June 25, 2015, Zhengzhou Jiaozuo Intercity Railway was put into operation, and Zhengzhou Station is the starting point of the line[53]。
From October 10 to November 11, 2017, the original Zhengzhou Railway Bureau replaced the last 73 groups of passenger train route wooden sleeper switches at the north and south ends of Zhengzhou Railway Station with concrete switches. The passenger train route switches at Zhengzhou Railway Station will bid farewell to the era of wooden sleepers[40-41][55]。
In October 2018, the security inspection module at the east entrance of Zhengzhou Station was closed for construction and reconstruction. Through construction and reconstruction, the front porch on the east side of the current station building was extended about 15.6 meters to the square.New real name verification hall, 1180 square meters security inspection hall, single storey building, glass curtain wall, steel structure, concrete roof, 3 new security inspection verification modules in the hall, 6 self-service verification channels, 6 security inspection channels, new guidance signs, monitoring, broadcasting, etc[56-58]。On December 25 of the same year, Zhengzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission approved the proposal for the reconstruction project of the underground civil air defense space in the East Square of Zhengzhou Railway Station. The project is located in the underground civil air defense space in the East Square of Zhengzhou Railway Station. The original underground civil air defense space is transformed into taxi waiting, public parking, pedestrian passageway, auxiliary rooms, etc.The total area of reconstruction and expansion of the project is about 28500 square meters, including 26000 square meters of underground space reconstruction and 2500 square meters of expansion[44]。
On December 30, 2019, all four escalators in Zhengzhou Zhanxi Square were put into operation[43][60]。
As of August 2018, the station building of Zhengzhou Station covers an area of 127000 square meters, with a building area of 100000 square meters. The main body is a beamless floor structure, the multi-function hall is a beam slab structure, and its roof is a cross beam structure. The streets, passageways, and entrances and exits are closed frame structures. The height of the east and west ticket halls is 21 meters[1]。
East Square
As of August 2018, Zhengzhou Station East Square covers an area of 210000 square meters, with a building area of 84000 square meters.The central shape of Zhengzhou Station East Square is glass sunken, the main part is frame structure, and the dome part is welded steel ball grid structure, with a diameter of 26 meters[10]。
West Square
As of August 2018, Zhengzhou Zhanxi Square covers an area of 63000 square meters and a building area of 28000 square meters.The building design of Zhengzhou Zhanxi Square uses ground and underground space to separate different types of vehicle flow. In terms of bus access and station settings, the principle of bus priority is adopted[1]。
Top view of Zhengzhou Station
Overall layout
Station building
The station building of Zhengzhou Railway Station is divided into two floors.The first floor is mainly equipped with east and west entrances and exits, security inspection channels, service desks, public security duty rooms, east and west ticket halls, etc.The second floor is mainly distributed with central passage and 10 waiting halls.
The East Ticket Hall is located at the southeast corner of the station building (in the direction of the East Square), with 35 ticket windows in total;The east entrance is located in the middle of the east end of the station building (in the direction of the east square), and there are 4 entrances for diversion;The east exit is located at the east end of the station building (in the direction of the east square), with two south and north exits;The east security inspection channel is located in the middle of the east end of the station building (in the direction of the east square), with 17 security inspection areas.
The west ticket lobby is located at the southwest corner of the station building (in the direction of the west square), with 29 ticket windows in total;The west entrance is located in the middle of the west end of the station building (in the direction of the west square), with one entrance;The west exit is located at the west end of the station building (in the direction of the west square), with two south and north exits;Xi'an Inspection Channel is located at the west end of the station building (to the west square), with 11 security inspection areas.
The north side of the waiting hall is the ninth waiting hall, the first waiting hall, the third waiting hall, the fifth waiting hall and the seventh waiting hall from east to west, and the south side is the soft seat (military mother and baby) waiting hall, the second waiting hall, the fourth waiting hall, the sixth waiting hall and the eighth waiting hall from east to west[11]。
Plane navigation of Zhengzhou Station
East Square
There are 14 functional areas at both ends of Zhengzhou Station East Square, including parking lot and taxi waiting area[10]。The center of Zhengzhou Station East Square is the distribution area, the taxi waiting area is located at the north end of the square, and the social small car parking lot is located at the south end of the square[11]。
Zhengzhou Station East Square
West Square
The building design of Zhengzhou Zhanxi Square uses ground and underground space to separate different types of vehicle flow. In terms of bus access and station settings, the principle of bus priority is adopted[1]。The central part of the west square of Zhengzhou Station is the distribution area. The bus parking lot and the starting and ending stations of suburban long-distance buses are located on the north side of the square. Taxi and social small car drop off areas and social large car parking lots are located on the south side of the square. A social small car parking lot is set on the basement of the west square[11]。
On February 13, 2013 (the fourth day of the first month), Zhengzhou Station implemented full closed real name ticket verification. All passengers arriving at Zhengzhou Station must accept the real name ticket verification when entering the station. They must show their tickets and relevant valid ID cards when checking tickets. Those who do not match the tickets, cards and people will be refused to enter the station[36]。
E-ticket
In January 2019, Zhengzhou Station set up 16 personal face recognition entry gate channels at the east and west entrances to meet the needs of all electronic ticket passengers to enter the station by themselves, and achieve face and ID card swiping.[42][54][59]。
Self service ticket purchase
As of August 2018, Zhengzhou Station has 95 self-service ticket vending (picking up) machines[13]。
Equipment and facilities
Public security certification
As of January 2014, Zhengzhou Railway Station has set up railway public security "card making points" next to the ticket office in the east and west squares, where passengers can apply for temporary identity certificates with their ID card numbers[14]。
Voice hall reporting
From January 31, 2018, a "one-to-one" voice hall reporting device will be set at the entrance ticket gate of Zhengzhou Station[15]。
Charging service
As of March 2018, there is a mobile phone charging service station in Zhengzhou Station[16]。
Maternal and infant rest area
As of January 2019, Zhengzhou Station has 170 square meters of mother and baby area, with hand washing basin, baby care desk, crib, water dispenser, power supply and other facilities[42][59]。
Transportation flow
Arrival and departure period
Arrival and departure passenger volume (person time)
Number of arriving and departing trains
Source
total
Daily average
Single day maximum
Peak date
Arrival and departure volume
January 16 to February 24, 2014
4 million
100 thousand
/
380 thousand
/
[37-39]
2015
/
/
Nearly 400 trains
[16]
September 30 to October 7, 2015
1 million 220 thousand
/
October 1st
214 thousand
/
[23]
September 28 to October 7, 2016
1 million 320 thousand
215 thousand
[24]
October 1 to October 7, 2017
1 million 220 thousand
214 thousand
[25]
March 4, 2018
one hundred and twenty-eight thousand six hundred and forty-one
/
[17]
October 1, 2018
one hundred and ninety-eight thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine
On January 16, 2007, Zhengzhou Station and Zhengzhou Long distance Bus Center Station signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two sides simultaneously publicized the traffic and transportation information of both sides in the media such as train schedule, electronic display screen, station radio, etc.[35]
Station flow
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During the Tomb Sweeping Day holiday in 2024, Zhengzhou Station will send 471500 passengers per day. During the five-day railway Tomb Sweeping Day holiday, 3.851 million passengers will be sent in total, 770000 passengers per day on average, and more than 800000 passengers per day in three days.Among them, 864000 passengers were sent on April 4, the highest single day passenger volume since this year;Zhengzhou Railway Station has sent 471500 passengers, a record high in single day passenger transport.[70]
Construction achievements
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Technical difficulties
Zhengzhou Station West Exit Project
The construction period of Zhengzhou Station West Exit Project is tight, the process requirements are high, and the organization is difficult. In particular, the elevated waiting room and passenger passageway are all within the scope of the existing line, including the new seven platforms and the reconstruction project in the station, which will greatly interfere with transportation, and all are key points of construction.In order to minimize the impact of construction on transportation, after investigation and comparison of multiple schemes, it is finally determined to seal 11 tracks first, carry out the construction of PC axis of the roof, middle passage and canopy without platform column on the first floor of the elevated building, and temporarily close the siding during hoisting.This plan reserves 10 tracks for receiving and departure trains at Zhengzhou Station, which has less interference to transportation.
On the basis of determining the overall construction scheme, considering that the train flow density of Zhengzhou Station is high and the construction is close to the Spring Festival, it is decided to adopt a step-by-step transition scheme, that is, under the condition of ensuring that the normal reception and departure of passenger trains at Zhengzhou Station are not affected, the foundation construction of the waiting room on axis XB between No. 15 and the locomotive route will be carried out first, and after the Spring Festival,And then gradually transition to the station track.
Mutual cooperation of construction.When the construction restrictions of the public works, electrical services and catenary are met, the skylight time shall be determined according to the drawing of Zhengzhou Station, and the mobilization construction time of the three parties shall be allocated.Track maintenance personnel shall enter the site first, and connect the track circuit and switch positioning within the specified time;Thereafter, the signal and communication service began to enter the site to debug the turnout and adjust the test interlocking relationship;Then, the catenary starts to enter the site to debug the turnout and adjust the test interlocking relationship;Then, the catenary operation vehicle can enter the construction line to conduct pole erection and network adjustment.After that, the construction unit will carry out the foundation construction of the waiting room of axis XB.
After the Spring Festival transportation in 2008, when the foundation construction of the waiting room of axis XB is basically completed, the construction of axis XA can start.For the construction of XA axis, 11.12 tracks of Zhengzhou Station must be closed. At that time, Zhengzhou Station will only have 10 tracks to receive and depart trains. For Zhengzhou Station, it is difficult to ensure both transportation and production as well as construction progress.For this reason, adjust part of the traffic flow and change part of the locomotive change mode, adjust part of the passenger trains within the administration of the railway bureau to Xinxiang Station or Anyang Station to arrive, and part of the passenger trains bypass Zhengzhou Station, reducing the number of daily receiving and departure trains at Zhengzhou Station, and part of the locomotives are not changed at Zhengzhou Station, saving the locomotive change time, thus creating convenience for construction from the transportation conditions.It can be seen that although the construction will affect the transportation, the construction can be satisfied by adjusting the transportation scheme[61]。
Replacement of wooden sleeper turnout
From October 11 to November 11, 2017, Zhengzhou Station will replace the wooden sleeper turnout, and more than 1200 passenger trains will be affected during the 33 day construction period.This is a construction with the most turnouts replaced at one time, the longest period, the most difficult construction and the most planned impact on trains in the history of China's railway.This ongoing "big operation" is to replace all the last 73 groups of passenger train route wooden sleeper switches at the north and south ends of Zhengzhou Station with concrete switches[41]。
Value significance
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Zhengzhou Railway Station is not only the first-class passenger station of China's railway, but also one of the largest passenger transfer stations and baggage transfer stations of China's railway. Known as the "heart" of China's railway passenger transport, it is the intersection of Longhai Railway and Beijing Guangzhou Railway trunk lines[22]。(Comments by the Central People's Broadcasting Station)
With the full implementation of the reconstruction project of the west exit of Zhengzhou Railway Station, Zhengzhou Railway Station and the East West Square area will eventually be built into a modern comprehensive transportation transfer hub integrating railway, rail transit, urban public transport, long-distance passenger transport, taxis and social vehicles[49]。(commented by Dahe Daily)
