Papermaking technology can be divided into two forms: mechanical and manual.The mechanism ispaper machineThe process is carried out continuously. The paper pulp suitable for the paper quality is diluted to a certain concentration with water, initially dehydrated at the wire part of the paper machine to form wet paper pages, and then dehydrated by pressing, and then dried into paper.In manual work, a frame with bamboo curtains, polyester mesh or copper mesh is used to make wet paper pages from the fibers dispersed and suspended in water, which are pressed and dehydrated, and then dried or dried into paper.
The original paper appeared as a new type of writing and recording material.Before the invention of paper, our country recorded things mostly by tortoise shellsanimal bone, gold and stone, bamboo slips, wooden calves, elevator and silk, etc.The material materials of oracle bone inscriptions and Zhongding inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty have been unearthed continuously since this century;Bamboo slips, wooden calves andbook copied on silkSilk paintings have also been unearthed in recent years.However, it is not easy to get many oracle bones. The stone and gold are heavy, and the elevator and silk are expensive. The space occupied by Jiandu is very large, so it is not easy to use.With the development of social economy and culture, it is urgent to find new writing materials that are cheap and accessible.After a long period of exploration and practice, it was finally invented to use hemp rope ends, rags, old fish nets and other waste hemp materialsPlant fibrePaper.
Technical objections
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As for the origin of paper making, in the past, the statement of Fan Hua (398-445), a historian in the fifth century AD, in "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty · The Biography of Cai Lun" was followed. He believed that paper was invented by Cai Lun (62-121), an eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the seventeenth year of Yongyuan (105 AD) of the Han Dynasty.However, the archaeological excavation practice since this century has shaken Cai Lun's claim that paper was invented.In 1933, the first century BCHemp paper of Western Han Dynasty, more than a century earlier than Cai Lun.In 1957, the ancient paper of the early Western Han Dynasty in the second century BC was unearthed again at the Baqiao Bridge in the eastern suburb of Xi'an.The analysis and test of this paper by the author confirmed that it is mainly made of hemp and a small amount of ramie fiber.After that, in 1973 in Juyan, Gansu Province, the site of Jin Guan of the Han Dynasty, and in 1978 in Zhongyan Village, Fufeng, Shaanxi ProvinceHan dynastyIn the cellar, hemp paper from the Western Han Dynasty was also unearthed.It is worth pointing out that in 1986, hemp paper with maps was unearthed from the ancient tomb of Fangmatan near Tianshui City, Gansu Province, during the period of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing in the early Western Han Dynasty (179-141 BC), which is the earliest plant fiber paper found in the world.In the winter of 1990, more than 30 pieces of hemp paper were unearthed from the Jiaohuang sweet well post site of the Western Han Dynasty, three of which were inscribed.These facts strongly showed that as early as the second century BC, the working people of our country had invented papermaking, and the paper made at that time could already be used for writing.
Development and improvement
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But earlyHemp paper of Western Han DynastyIt still needs further improvement.In the second century AD, he served as a minister in the court of the Eastern Han DynastyCai LunWith sufficient manpower and material resources, he supervised and organized the production of a batch of good paper, which was dedicated to the imperial court in the 17th year of the Yongyuan era. Since then, papermaking technology has been promoted in China.At the same time, the Eastern Han Dynasty also used bark, especially bark, to make paper, expandingraw materialSource.In this sense, Cai Lun appeared as a supervisor and promoter of good paper in history. These activities are objectively beneficial to the development of papermaking, so his role should not be completely obliterated.
