The process concept is one of the most basic concepts of modern organization management. In ISO9000:2000, the process is defined as:inputConvert tooutputActivities that are interrelated or interacting with each other. "
The task of the process is to transform input into output. The condition of transformation is resources, usually including people, machines, materials, methods, environment and detection.Value added is the expectation of the process. In order to obtain stable and maximum value added, the organization should plan the process, establish process performance measurement indicators and process control methods, andContinuous improvementAnd innovation.
Process approach
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It is pointed out in the "process method" that: systematically identify andManagement organizationThe applied processes, especially the interaction between these processes, are called "process methods".In order to make the organization operate effectively, the organization should use process methods to identify and manage many interrelated and interacting processes, and conduct continuous control and continuous improvement on the connection, combination and interaction between processes to enhanceCustomer satisfactionAnd process.
ISO9000: The 2000 family of standards also proposes a process basedquality management system 。The implementation of ISO9000 family standards is a basic method for effective process management.amongISO9001:2000It is the most basic standard, focusing on customer satisfaction;andISO9004: 2000 is a trendPerformance Excellence ModelFocus on the performance improvement of the organization and make customersRelated partiessatisfied.stayPerformance Excellence Evaluation CriteriaAmong the various categories of ISO 9000 standards, process management is the most relevant category.But it should be noted that,ISO9001The process management in the criteria for performance excellence evaluation aims at all key pointsStakeholdersComprehensive satisfaction, it is the implementation ofstrategic targetAnd strategic planning, implementationContinuous improvementAnd innovation to improve the overall performance of the organization, create balanced value for stakeholders, and then performOrganizational missionAnd implementationorganizational vision Its pursuit of excellence, effectiveness, efficiency and response to changes in the dynamic competitive environmentAgilityThe pursuit of, should be higher than the requirements of ISO9000 family standards.
Process management refers to the use of a set of practical methods, technologies and tools to plan, control and improve the effect, efficiency and adaptability of the process, including process planningProcess implementation, process monitoring (inspection) andProcess improvement(Disposal) four parts, namelyPDCA cycleFour stages.PDCA (plan do check act) cycle is also calledDemingLoop, yesQuality AssuranceMaster Dai Ming is hereShewhartStatistical process controlBased on the thought.
1 Process planning (P)
·Identify the organization'sValue creationProcess andSupport process, from which the main value creation process and key support process are determined, and the objects of process output are defined, that is, the customers and other interested parties of the process.
·Determine the requirements of process customers and other interested parties, and establish measurable processesPerformance objectives(i.e. process quality requirements).
·Based on process requirements, integrate new technologies and obtained information to conduct process design or redesign.
2 Process implementation (D)
·Make the process personnel familiar with the process design and implement it in strict accordance with the design requirements.
·Timely adjust the process within the flexible scope of process design according to the changes of internal and external environment and factors and the information from customers and suppliers.
·Control the process according to the information obtained from process monitoring, such as applicationSPC(Statistical Process Control)control process The key characteristics of the output (product) make the process stable and controlled and have sufficientProcess capability。
·Implement the improved process according to the results of process improvement.
3 Process monitoring (C)
·Process monitoring includes the monitoring during and after the implementation of the process, which aims to check whether the process implementation follows the process design and achieve the process performance goals.
·Process monitoring can include:product designIn process reviewVerification and validation, process inspection and test during production,Process quality audit, process factors, process output sampling measurement for SPC implementation and quality improvement, etc.
4 Process improvement (A)
Process improvement is divided into two categories: "breakthrough improvement" refers to major changes to existing processes or replacing existing processes with new ones (i.e. innovation);And“GradualnessImprovement "refers to the continuous improvement of the existing process, and it is an improvement of the way of combining the best with the best.".
(2) Identify various business processes with specific business functions, identify the relationship and interaction between business processes, identify key business processes, and analyze business processes.
(3) According to the business objective system of the enterprise, from top to bottom, the high-level process is first followed by the low-level process, and the business process optimization design is carried out to simplify, adjust, and properly merge the operation units (or operation units, processes, links) in the business process, and determine the connection mode of each business process;Define and describe each business process, determine the functional objectives, inputs and outputs of the business process, and determine the key business processes as the management focus;Establish enterprise business on this basisprocess model 。
(4) From the perspective of information, business process is regarded as the process of information collection, transmission and processing, and information technology is applied to design and solve the enterprise according to business processinformation transmissionAnd solutions to problems.
(7) Apply planning and control technology, and formulate according to the needs of business process operationBusiness planAnd control scheme, to conduct business process operationfeedback controlAnd coordination.
(8) With the main goal of improving the performance of business processes,Continuous improvementProcess.
(1) Withsystem theory For guidance, from the perspective of system, the enterprise is regarded as a process network system composed of product R&D, production, sales, procurement, quality management and other business processes in a certain way from a horizontal perspective;Think of each business process as a process with specific functions and objectives, input and outputSubsystemEnterprise system is composed of several business process subsystems in a certain way;applicationSystematic approachSolve the information flow, logistics andWorkflow managementProblems;Pay attention to the logical connection and interaction within and between business processesoperation flow Optimal combination of operation units in;
(2) Using information theory, the internal processes of enterprises are regarded as a process of information collection, processing, storage and transmission, and information technology is applied to solve business processesmanagement information Transmission and processing problems.
(3) ApplicationCybernetic method, regarding the business process of the enterprise as a controllable processprocess control system , using feedback control and other control methods to solve the control problem of enterprise business process system.
(4) Pay attention to the refinement of management, that is, to each business process, each operation unit (or operation unit, operation), and each business affectedProcess operationInput factors of;
(5) Pay attention to the comprehensive application of management technology, information technology and other technologies.
Nowadays, computer information technology and network technology are developing rapidly and multidisciplinaryKnowledge accumulationAnd multiple technologiesOrganic combinationUnder the technical background ofmanagement model andmanagement styleGreat changes are taking place.The new management model that comprehensively uses management technology, computer information technology and other technologies will gradually replace the traditional management model, the enterprise's information processing ability andBusiness planAndcontrol abilityIt will improve rapidly.These macro background factors will greatly facilitate the processmanagementApplication in enterprises.
content validity
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The author of Process ControlTsinghua UniversityIndustrial instrumentandautomationThe summary of years of professional teaching is the basis of the handouts used over the yearsSuperior meridianThe book is revised many times and includes the part of the author and his colleagues in the field of process controlScientific research achievements。The whole book systematically expounds the simple andComplex control systemThe structure, principle, design, analysis and evaluation ofprocess control system And try to start from the characteristics of the whole production processComprehensive designAnd preferred.On this basis, several mature advanced process control strategies are also introduced, and efforts are made to reflect the new development of process control in recent years.Starting with the basic concepts of mathematics and physics, the book expounds the essence, characteristics and mastery of process control problemssystem designAnd the basic method of analysis.The whole book is divided into 15 chapters, each chapter has thinking problems and exercises.
Process Control can be used as a textbook for automatic control and related majors in colleges and universitiesscientific and technical personnelreference resources.
Edit recommendation
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Process Control: series of teaching materials of Information, Control and System
We can help employees understand innovation and learn how to innovate through training and setting an example.How to take the first step of innovation.Let employees knowcorporate cultureInnovation in is not an empty word, it has rich meanings.
Second, teach employees the ways and methods of innovation
Innovation is not a slap on the head, but a systematic process.
The first step is to find the goal of innovation, such as innovation and basis for solving problemscost reductionInnovation and basis ofmarket demandInnovation and so on;
The second step is to follow up the goal of plan innovationGoal decompositionFor example, if it is planned to develop new products, the decomposition objectives include determiningnew product development Direction, analysis of difficulties in new product development, preparation of new product development cycle, etc;
Third, establish a system for evaluating the value of innovationevaluation system
On the one hand, it enables employees to understand that innovation will bring benefits to both enterprises and individuals;
The second is to help employees judge the value of innovation and encourage employees to make innovation with high value contributions to the enterprise.
This is a win-win process.This evaluation system includesEvaluation method, incentive measures, etc.
Fourth, establish an innovative use system
For enterprises, the value of innovation is finally reflected in the use. All enterprises advocate innovation because innovation can create benefits for enterprises, such as cost savings, increased output, and improvedmarket shareEtc.
Innovation is most afraid of putting achievements on the shelf, a vigorous start, and a quiet end.
1、 Hit the enthusiasm of employees for innovation;
2、 It is not conducive to the transformation of the innovative value of enterprises and loses the original meaning of innovation.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish innovative implementation measures, so that the innovative achievements can be truly applied to practical work to bring benefits to the enterprise.
