The filter theory was explained by Broadbent in 1958be carefulA theory of choice, he believesnervous systemThe capacity of processing information is limited.When information enters the nervous system through various sensory channelsnervous systemThe filtering mechanism of a certain part enables some information to be passed and further processed;Other information is blocked outside this mechanism and lost completely.[1]
Chinese name
Filter theory
Foreign name
filter theory
Alias
Bottleneck theory
Purpose
Explain the selective role of attention
Proposer
Broadbent
Principles
"All or none" principle
Limitations
Unable to explain the information processing of meaningful materials
The selective effect of attention is studied experimentally byCheri(Cherry, 1953).In one experiment, Cherry presented two kinds of materials to both ears of the subject at the same time, asked the subject to follow the materials heard from one ear loudly, and checked the information obtained by the subject from the other ear.[2]
The former is calledFollow earThe latter is called non following ear.The results showed that the subjects received little information from non follower ears.This means that fromFollow earIncoming information, due tobe carefulTherefore, further processing and processing are obtained, and the information entering from the non following ear is not subject tobe carefulTherefore, it is not accepted by people.[2]
Later, Broadbent (1958) proposed the "filter theory" on the basis of simultaneous binaural listening experiments.According to this theory,be carefulThe most basic function is to select stimulus information. The characteristic of behavior is that people can select some information for processing while ignoring other information.Attention is understood as a bottleneck or valve in the human information processing system. Only a small amount of information from outside can pass through this bottleneck. Attention, like a filter, only allows a part of information to pass through the bottleneck, so it is called "filter theory".
Experimental process
Announce
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Let the two ears of the subject listen to two different sound materials at the same time. The subject is required to pay attention to the sound information from one ear (the following ear) and ignore the information heard by the other ear (not the following ear).After the stimulus presentation, the subjects were asked to report the information they had just heard. The results showed that the subjects could reproduce the information heard by the following ears well, but could not report the information heard by the non following ears.
Theoretical principles
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The filtering function of the nervous system is characterized by "all or nothing". The information that passes through is completely passed, and the information that does not pass is completely lost. The filtering mechanism envisioned by Broadbank is before semantic analysis, and it is compared to a narrow bottle mouth. When people pour water into the bottle, part of the water enters the bottle through the bottleneck, while the other part of the water enters the bottle due to the narrow bottleneck,The channel capacity is limited and left outside the bottle, so it is sometimes called bottleneck theory or single channel theory.This theory selects information according to sensory characteristics, works according to the principle of "all or nothing", and is a choice at the perceptual level, so it is called "early selection model".[1]
