Shanghai Ranking's Academic Ranking of World Universities, or ARWU for short, was founded in 2003 byHigher Education Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Formerly known as the Institute of Higher Education) The research center of world-class universities was released for the first time, which is the first comprehensive global university ranking in the world.Since 2009, ARWU has been changed fromShanghai Soft Science Education Information Consulting Co., Ltd(i.e. "Shanghai Softtech") and all rights reserved.[1-5]
The academic ranking of world universities in soft science is famous for its objective, transparent and stable evaluation methods, but it is also accused of overemphasizing the science and engineering field and adopting the well-known journals and paper publishing platforms in the United States as the data benchmark.[9-10]
Chinese name
Academic Ranking of Soft Science World Universities
Foreign name
ShanghaiRanking’s Academic Ranking of World Universities
The original intention of establishing the academic ranking of world universities is to analyze the position of Chinese universities in the global higher education system.In 1998, the Chinese government believed that the mainland of China needed several world-class universities, which became the source of this ranking.[11]World University Academic Ranking was established in 2003 byHigher Education Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityThe research center of the world's first-class university is released for the first time, and the evaluation basis is all from internationally comparable objective indicators and third-party data, includingNobel PrizeandFields Medal Of alumni and teachersHighly cited scientistNumber, etc[12]。Since 2009, ARWU has been changed fromShanghai Soft Science Education Information Consulting Co., LtdAll rights reserved.[4-5]
Social evaluation
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After the academic rankings of world universities were first released in 2003, there was concern and discussion in the academic community.At that time, the executive director of the research center said that most Chinese people were indifferent to Chinese universities because their performance in the list was not as good as expected.Later, a group of European scholars went to Shanghai to discuss ranking.[13]
The academic ranking of world universities in soft science has been recognized at home and abroad.In 2018, Du Zhanyuan, then Vice Minister of the Ministry of Education, said in his speech at the conference that "the 'World University Academic Ranking' released by Shanghai Soft Science Education has initially formed a brand".[14]President of FranceMakron Three tweets were released to congratulate French universities on their performance in the academic ranking of world universities in 2020, saying that "they won the 14th place in the authoritative Shanghai ranking (academic ranking of world universities). CongratulationsUniversity of Paris ThackerayIt has reached an unprecedented height in French universities. "[15]
However, as a ranking list focusing on scientific research achievements everywhere, the academic ranking of world universities in soft science has been accused of overemphasizing the field of science and engineering.European and American academic circles also criticized its excessive emphasisalumnusobtainNobel PrizeIt ignores the overall atmosphere of colleges and universities, students' quality and other important indicators.In addition, this ranking mainly adopts the well-known journals and paper publishing platforms in the United States as the data benchmark, which also leads to the performance of American universities in this ranking ranking being significantly better than that of other countries.[10]
Indicator system
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The academic ranking of world universities in soft science wonNobel PrizeandFields Medal AlumniNobel PrizeandFields Medal The number of teachers (Award for short), the number of scientists with the highest number of citations in various disciplines (HiCi for short)《natural》(Nature) and《science》(Science)Scientific Citation Index(SCIE) andSocial Science Citation IndexSix indicators, including the number of papers included in SSCI (PUB for short) and the mean value of teachers (PCP for short) of the above five indicators, rank the academic performance of the world's universities.[9]
Index system diagram
Ranking over the years
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2023
On August 15, 2023, Soft Science, a higher education evaluation institution, officially released the "2023 Academic Ranking of Soft Science World Universities".The ranking shows the world's leading 1000 research universities, and the order of the top 13 universities in the world's first tier ranking is completely consistent with that of 2022.There are 191 universities in mainland China, 10 of which are among the world's top 100, two more than in 2022.Tsinghua University ranks 22nd in the world and first in Asia.Peking University ranked 29th and Zhejiang University ranked 33rd.Shanghai Jiaotong University ranked 46th and was listed in the global top 50 for the first time.Fudan University, University of Science and Technology of China, Sun Yat sen University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology ranked 56th, 64th, 73rd and 91st respectively in the world.Central South University and Nanjing University ranked 95th and 96th respectively in the global top 100 for the first time.Twenty five universities including Heilongjiang University and Northeast Forestry University were listed for the first time, which shows that the academic level and international influence of Chinese universities are rising continuously.[28]There are 7 universities in Hong Kong, China, among which the University of Hong Kong (88), City University of Hong Kong (101-150), Chinese University of Hong Kong (101-150) and Hong Kong Polytechnic University (151-200) entered the top 200;There are two universities in Macao, China. The University of Macao (301-400) and the Macao University of Science and Technology (401-500) are in the top 500;There are 14 universities in Taiwan, China, and China Medical University (201-300) and Taiwan University (201-300) entered the top 300.[29]
Harvard University still holds the top position, ranking first in the world for 21 consecutive years, followed by Stanford University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, continuing to rank second to third.Among European universities, Cambridge University and Oxford University rank fourth and seventh in the world.The University of Paris Thackeray rose to the 15th place and continued to lead European universities.In the Asia Pacific region, Tsinghua University ranked 22nd in the world, ranking first in Asia for the first time. Melbourne University ranked 35th, ranking first in Oceania.[28]
On August 15, 2022, SoftScience, the world's leading higher education evaluation institution, officially released the "2022 SoftScience World University Academic Ranking" today.The ranking shows the world's leading 1000 research universities. There are 163 universities in mainland China, 8 of which are among the world's top 100, one more than in 2021.Tsinghua University ranked 26th in the world and Peking University ranked 34th.Zhejiang University ranked 36th in the world's top 50 for the first time, and Shanghai Jiaotong University, University of Science and Technology of China, Fudan University and Sun Yat sen University ranked 54th, 62nd, 67th and 79th respectively in the world.Huazhong University of Science and Technology ranked 96th among the world's top 100 for the first time.Jiangnan University, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology and Zhejiang University of Technology are among the top 500 universities in the world for the first time.Wenzhou University, Hainan University, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Xihua Normal University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan University of Technology, Liaocheng University and Tianjin University of Technology were among the top 1000 universities in the world for the first time, which shows the rapidly improving academic level and international influence of Chinese universities.[26]There are 7 universities in Hong Kong, China. The University of Hong Kong (96), the Chinese University of Hong Kong (101-150), the City University of Hong Kong (151-200) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (151-200) entered the top 200;There are 2 universities in Macao, China, and the University of Macao (401-500) is in the top 500;There are 14 universities in Taiwan, China, and China Medical University (201-300) and Taiwan University (201-300) entered the top 300.[27]
Harvard University is still firmly in the top position, ranking first in the world for 20 consecutive years. Stanford University, second only to Harvard University, continues to maintain the second place in the world, and MIT ranks third in the world.Among European universities, Cambridge University in the UK ranks fourth in the world, Oxford University ranks seventh in the world, and Paris Thackeray University in France ranks 16th in the world, leading other universities in the European continent.Among the universities in the Asia Pacific region, the University of Tokyo in Japan was the best, ranking 24th.[26]
On August 15, 2021, Soft Science, a higher education evaluation institution, officially released the "2021 Academic Ranking of Soft Science World Universities".The ranking shows the world's leading 1000 research universities. There are 157 universities in mainland China, of which 7 are among the world's top 100, one more than 2020.Tsinghua UniversityRanked 28th in the world,Peking UniversityRanked 45th,Zhejiang University、Shanghai Jiaotong University、University of Science and Technology of China、Fudan UniversityThey ranked 52th, 59th, 63rd and 77th respectively in the world.Sun Yat-sen UniversityIt is the first time to become one of the world's top 100, ranking 89th.China University of Petroleum (East China), Nanjing Normal University, Southern Medical University and Yangzhou University are among the top 500 universities in the world for the first time.14 universities including Changsha University of Technology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Foshan University of Science and Technology, Henan Normal University, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), West Lake University, Anhui University of Technology, Three Gorges University, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong No.1 Medical University, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, and Yantai University were listed in the global top 1000 for the first time,It shows the rapidly improving academic level and international influence of Chinese universities.There are 7 universities in Hong Kong, China. The University of Hong Kong (101-150), the Chinese University of Hong Kong (101-150), the City University of Hong Kong (151-200) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (151-200) are in the top 200;There are 2 universities in Macao, China, and the University of Macao (401-500) is in the top 500;There are 14 universities in Taiwan, China, and China Medical University (201-300) and Taiwan University (201-300) entered the top 300.[23]
Harvard UniversityStill holding the top position in the world for 19 consecutive years,Stanford UniversitySecond only to Harvard University, it continues to rank second in the world,University of CambridgeKeep the third place in the world.OxfordIt rose 2 places, ranking seventh in the world.University in continental Europe, FrenchUniversity of Paris ThackerayRanking up 1, ranking 13th in the world, ahead of other universities.Among universities in the Asia Pacific region, those in JapanThe University of TokyoThe best performance ranked 24th.Universities in Oceania, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne(33rd) ranked first.[22]
On August 15, 2020, Soft Science, a higher education evaluation institution, officially released the "2020 Soft Science World University Academic Ranking", which shows the world's leading 1000 research universities.[16]
Among the Chinese mainland universities listed in the Global Top 500, "double first-class" universities occupy an absolute advantage. 60 of the 71 are "double first-class" universities, among which Harbin University of Technology, Central South University, Nanjing University, Southeast University and Xi'an Jiaotong University have all risen in the rankings, ranking 101-150 in the world together with Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Sun Yat sen University.Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jilin University, Shandong University, South China University of Technology and Tianjin University entered the top 200 in the world for the first time.
Beijing University of Technology, Hunan University, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Beijing University of Science and Technology entered the world's top 300 for the first time.Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing University of Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), China University of Mining and Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Southwest University, and Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology were among the top 500 universities in the world for the first time.
A number of powerful non "double first-class" colleges and universities ranked among the top 500 in the world by virtue of their outstanding performance, including Shenzhen University, Guangdong University of Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, and South China Agricultural University.
In addition, 13 universities including Fujian Normal University, Shanghai University of Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qufu Normal University, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Hebei University of Technology, Liaoning University of Technology, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Shanghai Normal University, Southwest Petroleum University and Zhejiang University of Technology were listed in the global top 1000 for the first time.[16]
There are 7 universities in Hong Kong, China. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (101-150) and the University of Hong Kong (151-200) are in the top 200;There are 2 universities in Macao, China, and Macao University (501-600) is in the top 600;There are 15 universities in Taiwan, China, and China Medical University (201-300) and Taiwan University (201-300) entered the top 300.[24]
On August 15, 2019, the academic ranking of 2019 soft science world universities was officially released.A total of 132 universities in mainland China are on the list, of which Tsinghua University ranks 43rd in the world, Peking University ranks 53rd in the world, and Zhejiang University ranks 70th in the world.For the first time, Shanghai Jiaotong University ranked 82nd in the world among the world's top 100 universities.[25]
Eight universities, including Shenzhen University, South University of Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Fuzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Nanchang University, Jiangsu University and Jinan University, were among the top 500 in the world for the first time, and 13 universities, including Shanghai University of Science and Technology and Guangdong University of Technology, were among the top 1000 in the world for the first time, demonstrating the rapid improvement of academic level and international influence of Chinese universities.
There are 7 universities in Hong Kong, China. The University of Hong Kong (101-150) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (101-150) are in the top 200;There are 2 universities in Macao, China, and Macao University (501-600) is in the top 600;There are 13 universities in Taiwan, China, and Taiwan universities (151-200) are in the top 200.[25]
On August 15, 2018, the 2018 Academic Ranking of Soft Science World Universities was officially released.Among the world's leading 500 research universities,Harvard UniversityFor the 16th consecutive year,Stanford UniversityRanking second in the world,University of CambridgeKeep the third place in the world.In the world's top 20, universities in the United States and Britain occupy 19 seats.The highest ranking university in continental Europe is SwitzerlandZurich Federal Institute of Technology, ranking 19th in the world.Among universities in the Asia Pacific region, those in JapanThe University of TokyoandKyoto UniversityThe performance was the best, ranking 22nd and 35th respectively.[19]
2017
On August 15, 2017, the World Academic Ranking of Universities (ARWU), one of the world's four largest university ranking systems, released the 15th edition, which is the 2017 ranking list, ranking 500 research universities in various countries and regions.[20]
