synonymSupernormal phenomenon(Natural academic term) generally refers to the supernatural (an unknown extreme phenomenon beyond the scope of natural science explanation)
The supernatural can be understood as transcending the conventions of natural science andKnowabilityAn extreme phenomenon of scope;In other words, it is considered impossible or inexplicable because it exceeds the limits of contemporary natural science knowledge.The supernatural usually refers toSupernatural forceQuantity oroccult phenomenonThat is, a force or phenomenon that cannot be seen in nature and verified by ordinary means. Once the supernatural can be verified, it will no longer be supernatural.
Chinese name
supernatural
Foreign name
supernature
Definition
An unknown extreme phenomenon beyond the scope of natural science explanation
A life inAustraliaAn ape like creature that can walk upright on its hind legs.
Zener Cards
25 cards, which can test the ability of super sensory perception and supernatural.
Super sensory experience
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Soul out of body
OBE can provide evidence for the continued existence of spirit after the death of the body. Skeptics believe that OBE is just an illusion, while others believe that there is enough evidence to show that we can obtain more information from outside the body.
Most soul out of body experiences occur at actual or possible near death.Often patients report that they find themselves rising from the operating table during the operation and can see the whole operating room.Suddenly, they found themselves in a passage with bright light in front of it.After arriving at the place where the light is, the reporterRegular meetingsSee your dead relatives and friends, and then return to your body.
Many institutions study this phenomenon with the assistance of local hospitals.British scientist Dr Sam Parnia recently released his research results on OBE.In his report, he claimed that he firmly believed that the patient's consciousness continued to exist for a while after the brain stopped working and the clinical death was confirmed, and the details of which still needed to be studied.
Ideational transfer
Sometimes,MischiefThe ghost's activity can be attributed to the mind transfer (PK), that is, throughIdealityMoving objects.Most cases of pranksters involve teenagers, so researchers believe that the energy of ideas may be related to adolescence, and this explanation does not apply to other cases.
Aerial levitation refers to the phenomenon that objects rise into the air without any physical means, which is related to psychics and witchcraft.
RussiaNina Kuragina, a housewife of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was famous for the power of mind movement in the 1960s.Kuragina once moved some small objects on the table, includingwedding ringAnd bottles.People tookpreventive measureTo ensure that Nina did not secretly use magnets or silk thread, scientists admit that they cannot use anyForceTo explain these movements.
Other PK cases include bending the metal and determining the outcome.In the 1970s,Israel（Israeli）Specific functionYuri Geller surprised the audience with his performance of bending metal on TV.He also claimed that he could stop the watch of the audience.Unfortunately, Geller failed to successfully reproduce his specific function under laboratory conditions, so critics soon questioned him.
PK is realized by energy fields such as magnetic field or electric field. This theory was proposed by researchers in 1934 and is still widely accepted.Most PK experiences are usually sporadic and are mistaken for other phenomena.
revive
According to the reincarnation theory, after physical death, human soul or spirit returns to the material world and is reborn in a new body.Jenny Coker is a famous case.She thought of her previous life, which was a man named Mary SuttonIreland(Irish) Women.Her memory brought her to the village where Mary once lived, and then she "reunited" with Mary's children.
Since ancient Egyptians, people have believed in reincarnation.The ancient tomb contains property for the next life.
All religions mention rebirth.hinduismHinduism believes that after death, the soul will enter another body, just as the body takes off old clothes.This cycle of constantly transforming the body has no end until it is brokenConversion process. Reach the Blissful World.
Now people's belief in reincarnation is stronger than ever before.Although it is difficult to obtain accurate data in this regardGallupAccording to the Gallup Poll, 25% of Americans believe that the soul will be reborn from a new body. There are more exploration methods, including regression therapy. The assumption of this method is that patients' problems may be caused by trauma in previous lives, and the details still need further research.
Trends
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Internationally, the treatment of anomalies by both the East and the West is combined with local customs and cultures, which is superstitious. Countries with deep historical and cultural accumulation, or countries close to modern civilization, are deeply rooted ingrass-rooted culture , and shows different levels, but different levels have different dependence on this superstition.
From the perspective of popular trends and manifestations, this abnormal phenomenon and the accompanying culture obviously have“Demand orientation”It is characterized by flowing towards regions with strong demand.Moreover, this "demand orientation" is adapted to the "profit motive", so that it is easy to achieve the combination of supply and demand, pushing waves and helping waves.Focusing on the flow of peoplemarket demandLarge, many unknown factorsSurvival competitionIntense place.This form of expression, in foreign countries, is more popular in the political circles, media, film and television;In China, both the communicators and the believers aredisadvantagedMainly, in terms of region, it is shown as "three hospitals and two districts", namely colleges, hospitals, courts, development zones and tourist areas (see《Perspective of modern superstition》）Recently, this spreading trend has the characteristics of the transfer of Xiangcheng township junction or areas where migrant workers are concentrated in the city, and its personnel scale has the transformation law consistent with the rural production season.This means that fromCommunication modeIn the traditional mode, people who spread and believe inrural population Mainly, but with the development of rural areasActive molecule——The transfer of major workers - most of them work in cities, and the superstitious market also shifts.But in terms of modern communication methods, such as network and media communication, both communication and audienceUrban residentsMainly, more importantly, it shows the trend of younger and more knowledgeable audience.Younger age refers to the participation of primary and secondary school students and college students, who are highly educated and have mastered the use of modern means of communication, and can covertly spread and use them;High intellectualization means that this group is usually white-collar workersState cadreAdministrative staff are more convenient and curious to access and use modern media. Therefore, they are not only easy to accept and believe the spread of abnormal phenomena, but also easy to become accomplices or direct communicators if they do not argue between right and wrongDisseminator。
Common phenomenon
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the art of making oneself invisible
This is a strange magic that can make people disappear without trace. It includesthe art of making oneself invisible, separation and transfer.Invisibility is to hide yourself from others.In the myth, the prince can hide himself from others by wearing a cloak of invisibility or practicing invisibility;However, invisibility can always leave clues. Of course, it is better not to have invisibility in the world to prevent some malevolent people from peeping into other people's privacy.
The split body technique is more magical, and many people can appear at once. It is difficult to distinguish the true from the false;They can do different thingscomputer gamesThere are often monsters in the world who use the split body technique. They appear and disappear mysteriously and launch sneak attacks. However, in the future, people in the world may be able to clone more of themselves to achieve the goal of split body.
Transfer is the most interesting. It can make you disappear from one place and appear from another. From this point of view, people's imagination is far beyond modern timesScientific and technological capabilityOne day, people will discover the mystery of time and space transfer. At that time, the Long March will be just a snap.
Mesmerize
It is said that modern psychologists inventedHypnosisIt can make people fall asleep quickly, or casually say something in their heart during sleepwalkingbitchDaji was confused by her beautyKing ZhouThe story of the merchant's courtship was overturned. In the western legend, there was a kind of snake whose eyes were so fascinating that it forgot to run awaymermaidThe story of confusing sailors with songs.
It is said that highly skilled magicians are best at camouflage. They can create some illusion to confuse the enemy, dress themselves as a tree, a rock, a statue, or turn a cloud into a monsterearthwormBecome a giant dragon.Of course, the most practical puzzle is the ancient marching array, the legendaryEight Trigrams ArrayIt is unpredictable and makes people trapped in a desperate situation.
Nothing in the world is more mysterious thanPsychic techniqueSome people have the ability of perspective to see the skeleton and beating heart of the person coming from the opposite side. Some people also have telepathy. With one finger, a still cup on the table starts to move, or use ideas to accelerate the rotation of the clock pointer;And the magic of the airLevitation。
Curse
legendAncient Egyptian PharaohThere are incantations in the tomb of the king. Whoever disturbs the king's soul will surely die. There are witches riding broomsticks in the westFlying carpetOur magician;It is said that witches cast spells on their enemies, and they used puppets instead of real people to cast spells on them. Some Japanese magicians cut some paper figures and blew their breath, and then they turned into young girls. It's really magical, and they never said anything.
Dream
Sometimes you will encounter some things, always feel as if you have experienced them. When you think about them carefully, you will be surprised that they are actually in a dream;More interesting, men and women fall in love at first sight, as if they are lovers in dreams.It is said that in ancient times, some ghosts used the method of dream to wash their grievances;In ancient times, people thought that if there were any unfinished wishes of the deceased relatives, they would also tell you in their dreams.
Levitation
In 1868,HumesHe performed his most incredible feat: at a rally, he floated out of one window and into another.Harry?Houdini tried to copy the "magic" of Humus, but even he could not expose HumusSpecific functionMystery.Nowadays, many magic tricks have performances about levitation, and their inspiration comes from the real levitation.
Touching stone into gold
In ancient mythology, there is a legend that immortals turn stones into gold and silver to hide those greedy villains. In the West, there are also interesting stories about burying the sun in the ground, saying a few incantations, and harvesting gold;There are also stories of alchemists cheating people of moneyCognateIt is not surprising that stone can be turned into gold.Well knownnuclear fusionThat is, by comparingLight elementsynthesisHeavy elementLosing a small part of mass into energy.ThreeHelium atomCan be synthesizedcarbon atom, onIn the sunIt is possible to synthesize iron atoms at most. There is a way to synthesize gold through other precious metals, but the gain is not worth the loss.With the development of science and technology, we can wait and see.
make the dead come back to life
It seems more difficult than going to the sky,No one can revive after deathHowever, there is a story in ancient times that a beautiful girl's parents forced her to marry someone else because she could not accompany her sweetheart;So he died and was buried. It happened that there was aGrave robberStealing funerary objects, Jianse Rebellion woke her up. There was a more frightening story. A lightning struck a grave, blew the coffin open, and a living man climbed out of it. It was really chilling!
Of course, there are also legends of rejuvenationNoble Monk, with white hair and childlike face, can live forever. Such stories are mostly myths and legends, butFuture technologyMaybe it can keep a person's brain information andgenetic information, maybe it can bring people back to lifemummyresurrection!
seminar
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Koestler Parapsychological Unit was foundedEdinburgh(Edinburgh), which was founded according to the will of the famous writer Arthur Koestler and his wife Cynthia.After their death in 1983, people founded the Research Association, which aims toscientific researchExpand to supernatural research.
The Kessler Institute of Hyperpsychological Phenomena has studied the supposedly haunted Mary King's Close in Edinburgh.One of the researchers even witnessed a ghost.
Many topics studied by the association are usuallyMainstream scienceIt has attracted the attention of many psychologists in the world.Its clear purpose is to make metapsychology a serious subject and carry out extraordinary experiments.
At the beginning of its establishment, the research association was once ridiculed in the scientific community, but now there are five similar university research centers in Britain, and many similar institutions are distributed around the world.
Kessler's research is still in the supernatural phenomenonResearch frontier, and some interesting results and conclusions have been achieved.In 1999, the Association published a paper asserting thatTelepathyorIdeational transferThe exists of.The heated debate about these papers and the work of the research association continues.
Research
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In terms of research, Western scholars represented by the United States tend to use scientific methods, ideas and spirit to reasonably doubt these abnormal phenomena, and conduct scientific investigation and research on the basis of doubt. This research is unbiased and rational.At the same timeResearchThe real results of the project will be spread to the public, exposing the false images and deceptions with various purposes, and educating the public to avoid losses.With the deepening of research, this kind of investigation and disclosure work increasingly involves the human spirit andemotionAspects, such as belief and religion.However, if this kind of rational investigation and research involving the spiritual field is still limited to some traditional onesscientific method, it is difficult to persuade the public;In this way, relevant institutions no longer limit their research to the speculative field of philosophy, nor to traditional statistics andlogic analysisBut increasingly extended to natural science andsocial sciencesSome cross disciplines and methods, such as psychologyPsychopsychology、MetapsychologyAnd other aspects, using the knowledge, principles and methods of these disciplines to reveal some vague understanding in the field of people's beliefs.Guide the public to correctly treat some unknown phenomena andoccult phenomenonSo as not to be deceived or fall into the mire of superstition.
In China, the Communist Party isatheismParties, who do not believe in superstition, are tolerant and open to some abnormal phenomena, allowing for existence and exploration, but rarely arguing.And because the country andruling partyAdhere to atheism, therefore, most of them also take a critical and resistant attitude and approach to these phenomena.In terms of theory or research, most of them adopt a singleDialecticsTo analyze and criticize.Therefore, there is a problem of single theory and simple method in the research and disclosure, and because of the lack of persuasiveness, there is no fundamental solution to the doubts among the public.
Historically, thousands of years of Chinese traditioncultural antecedents They have rich experience in dealing with superstitions and anomalies, while the West isModern science and technologyWith scientific rationality andScientific thinkingIt has advantages to deal with these abnormal phenomena, so the East and the Westacademic exchangeIt is of great theoretical significance and practical significance to promote the spread of scientific ideas and scientific rationality, and to reveal the mysterious and unknown phenomena in the world today.
In the middle of the last century, withThe People's Republic of ChinaThe establishment of the government, relying on the power of the government, attributed other theories and beliefs to heresy, and the ghosts and gods were driven away,Confucius and MenciusUnder "house arrest", only Marxism can rule the world, so in the 50-80s of the last century, China was a veritable atheist country.However, with the deepening of reform and opening upMaterial interestsDriven by, the once silent "cattle ghosts and snake gods" came back to life again. Moreover, once they were rampant, there was a tendency that the right gods were out of place and the evil gods were rampant.In this case, the older generationscientific and technical worker、Popular science writerPopular science researchers, who advocated arming people's minds with scientific knowledge, thought and spirit, severely criticized and exposed some heresies.Especially at the end of the last century, they conducted scientific investigation and analysis on various claimsPseudoscienceIt should be said that they have made great contributions to carrying forward the spirit of science and defending the dignity of science.
With the passage of time, most of the older generation of anti counterfeiters have retired, and the task of new research and investigation and defending science falls on the shoulders of the younger generation.Under the new historical conditions, young researchers engaged in relevant fields are all independent and scattered in various disciplines, units and fields. Therefore, in order to strengthen exchanges, improve the level and quality of research, and strengthen cooperation with relevant international fields, it is necessary to connect people from all walks of decentralized research in China and strengthen the joint force of research. At the same time,Closely cooperate with various media, vigorously expose superstitions andPseudoscienceAnd promote the spirit of science.This is also conducive to avoiding the phenomenon of single discipline and lack of persuasiveness in the past.In short, the study of the supernatural is not only the need of theoretical research itself, but also the development of the new eraAdvanced culture, MaintenancemassesThe need and embodiment of interests.
