Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 August 13, 1946), also translated as Herbert George Wells, a famous British novelist, journalist, politiciansociologistandhistorian。His science fiction has a profound impact on this field, such as "time travel", "alien invasion", "dystopia" and so on, which are the mainstream topics of science fiction in the 20th century.
Wells, one of the most prolific modern writers, has created more than one hundred works in his life, covering science, literature, history, society, politics and other fields.
Wells was born on September 21, 1866KentBromleyWest EndA poor family.Both parents were servants.Father Joseph used to be a professionalCricketHe later ran a hardware store.Neil, his mother, has been a servant to rich families.
In 1880, because his father's shop closed down, Wells had to drop out of school to work as an apprentice in a cloth shop in Windsor.But his work here was not satisfactory to the shopkeeper. One month later, he had to leave and became a primary school teacher in Somerset for a short time.Later, he worked as an assistant for a pharmacist in a small town in Sussex.In April 1881, he came to a cloth shop in Portsmouth as an apprentice for two years.The unbearable apprenticeship forced him to leave at lastGrammar schoolGet a teaching assistant position.
In 1884, he received a grant (one Gini a week) and enteredRoyal Academy of SciencesIts predecessor is Kanzinton Science Normal School.He studied physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy and biology here.Among them, his biology teacher was Thomas Henry Huxley, a famous evolutionary scientist. His later science fiction writing was greatly influenced by Huxley's evolutionism.In 1890, he was awarded with outstanding achievements in zoologyUniversity of LondonImperial College of Science, Technology and MedicineOfBachelor of Science。From 1891 to 1893, he taught biology in correspondence school of London University.
The experience of apprenticeship as a teenager made Wells form a criticismcapitalist society His consciousness runs through his whole life.
He acceptedUtopian socialismHe claimed that he had been asocialist”。His creation of science fiction is also his attempt to transform society through education, science and technology.But he does not believe in Marxism, but is keen onReformismHe called himself a "conservative socialist".He does not approve of class struggle andViolent revolution, but think it is necessary to eliminatecapitalismIn societyAnarchy。[1]
Invisible person
He once worked with famous British writersgeorge bernard shaw Meet and become close friendsBernard ShawIntroduce Wells to join the team led by Bernard Shaw“Fabian Society”。"In 1903, Wells became a member of the Fabian Society, a socialist group that advocated reformismSocialist ideologyHe still thinks it is too radical.However, his influence on young members and the expansion of personal desire for leadership led him to disagree with Bernard Shaw and others and finally quit the organization.His novels Ann Veronica and The New Machiavelli reflect hislife experience。
During the First World War, Wells participated inLeague of NationsHis interview articles often cause worldwide sensation.
Wells also visited in 1920 and 1934Soviet Union, receivedLeninandStalinInterview with.Although he did not understand the Soviet Unionsocialist systemHowever, they still made a relatively authentic report.This was rare at that time.
On August 13, 1946, WellsLondonDeath.His works in his later years turned to the aspects of soul, religion and morality.
Creative career
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Herbert George Wells
Since 1891, Wells has written articles for some newspapers and periodicals.1893Pulmonary hemorrhageDuring the recuperation period, he began to write short stories, essays and reviews, and also started popular science creation. For example, in The Man of the Year Million, he boldly imagined thatnatural selectionUnder influenceFuture mankindThe image, huge eyes, slender hands.
Subsequently, The National Observer published serial articles of Wells' ideas about time travel, and later changed these articles into novels of The Time Machine in 1895.The publication of this book caused a sensation and established his reputation as a science fiction writer.
Since then, he has successively published The Island of Dr. Moreau, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds《God's Food》He also wrote a large number of papers and novels.
After the 20th century, in addition to science fiction, Wells alsoHumorous novelLove and Lu Yaxuan started with a series of《Tono Bongai》It is a representative realistic novel reflecting the middle and lower class society in Britain, but its popularity is not as good as science fiction.
Style
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Wells' science fiction changed Verne's science fictionoptimismTendency, regaining the anxiety and anxiety about the future in English literature;However, because there is a kind temperament in Wells' personality, his pessimistic works are always accompanied by hopeflash of lightAnd most of the works have an optimistic ending.
Wells used the advanced science and technology at that time, especiallyModern PhysicsAnd modern biology;But he is not rigidly bound to these disciplines and is not subject to thesescientific theoryLimitations of.Wells is concerned not only with scientific progress, but also withscientific progress Good or bad consequences for people.
In addition, Wells can also prove that science fiction can be introduced into big scenes from his own creative practice.
Of course, Wales has its owndeficiencies, he can't get rid of itClass limitation, although we can see the futuretragicFate, but feel helpless, powerless.
Wells is good atscientific knowledgePopularization and highlighting it through novels make his science fiction popular with readers.
His science fiction is often satirical, which shows Wells's consistentcapitalismAnd this has become Wells' uniqueWriting style。
Herbert George Wells
Wells' science fictionSoft science fictionIt mainly describes the impact of various advanced science and technology on the future world, as well as the impact of these science and technologysocial problem，Political conflictIt has become an important aspect of his novels.His works also showFuture technologyIn his works, science and technology not only bring convenience to human beings, but also produce reaction. He believes that science is not necessarily a partner of human beings.His works are full of threats brought to mankind by science and technology: alien invasion, social tyranny, war, ethnic variation, and the demise of the sun.
Welshmode of artistic creationFor Britain and the world at that time and laterScience fictionThe development of has an important impact.His《When the sleeper wakes up》It created an important branch of science fiction: "dystopian" novels.laterRussia(Soviet Union) writer Amizakin's "We", British Huxley's《Beautiful New World》, andGeorge OrwellOf《one nine eight four》Both have inherited this tradition.His description of aliens with "big heads" in many novels has become the "standard image" of aliens in science fiction.
His science fiction has also been criticized by some science fiction writers, who believe that more faith should be placed on the human soul and spirit.
Work evaluation
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Herbert George Wells
Wells' science fiction changed the optimistic tendency of Verne's science fiction and regained the anxiety and uneasiness about the future in English literature;However, because there is a kind temperament in Wells' personality, his pessimistic works are always accompanied by a flash of hope, and most of his works are optimistic at the end.
Wells used the advanced science and technology at that time, especially modern physics and modern biology;However, he was not confined to these disciplines and was not limited by these scientific theories.Welles is not only concerned about the progress of science, but also the good or bad consequences of scientific progress for people.
In addition, Wells can also prove that science fiction can be introduced into big scenes from his own creative practice.
Influence of works
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Herbert George Wells
Wells' science novels are helpful to enlighten and cultivate people's science fantasy ability.Science fantasy is the pioneer of invention and the precursor of scientific development.Lu XunIn "The Journey of the Moon · Argument", the author put forward the idea of popularizing scientific knowledge by using science fiction, and predicted that "leading the Chinese people to move forward must begin with science fiction".If a nation loses the ability of scientific fantasy and wants to develop, it is as inconceivable as a blind person wants to draw colorful pictures.Welles' science novels can not only arouse people's enthusiasm for science and daydream about the future, but also trigger people's deep thinking about social problems.Especially in today's era of rapidly changing science and technology,Internet technologyPopularization, innovation of electronic products,nuclear weapon、Biological and chemical weaponsDiffusion, whether mankind is cautious and wise in dealing with science and technology, is directly related to the life and death of our future generations.I hope we can remember Wells' warningWords。
Introduction to the Commercial Press in 1927《Outline of World History》Since then, this masterpiece of Wells has been popular in China for decades, and there are several kinds of English and Chinese translationsrepublicationReprint, of course, has its unique value.The book was translated into many languages and published in the 1920s and 1930s, with a total sales volume of millions of copies. It is a worldwide super best seller.
Outline of World History
The writing of giant general history has long been a tradition in the West《History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire》Hume's History of England and Gizo's《History of French Civilization》And so on.《Outline of World History》Of course not with theseThe RenaissanceCompared with the immortal masterpieces of the past, they are not only thin in length, but also lacking in academic theory. At best, they are popularworld history。Even compared with Toynbee's《Historical Studies》It is difficult to compare in depth and breadth.However, it also has outstanding features, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the works and authors in the 20th century.Most obviously, this book opensComplete historyFirst in style.Wells pointed out in his introduction that "we should have common knowledge of common facts in the history of mankind all over the world, and its need is extremely significant in the tragic changes of the past few years".The so-called "years of cataclysm" here, of course, refers to the First World War.The war hit hardWestern CivilizationIt also makes the survivors feel that the fate of the entire human race is firmly tied together.As for a whole generation of western peopleMental crisisThe response of the author from humanda tongIt tells the whole history of human civilization from the perspective of world progress, and firmly believes that "the world is inherently congested, and the world is always in progress", which is in contrast to the pessimism and despair that Spengler revealed after the war.From this point of view, Wells is still the same as before the war. Paper and pen inspire people to think.However, since the intended readers of the author are still Westerners, the so-called "Outline of World History" is still dominated by Western history in terms of content and structure, but it is just dotted with someArab WorldAnd other civilizations including China.The word "world" is more embodied in the historical knowledge that it ties global human beings together.
A world of freedom
200 regions around the world have receivedAtomic bombThe bombing and the war left all countries in ruins. The remaining countries should learn from their mistakes and decide to establish a new global order and a new world republic on the ruins.
The word "atomic bomb" that Wells "invented" in the book has gradually become a reality with the development of science and technology.The novel describes the energy released by atomic fission, which makes human beings attempt to use it as the ultimate weapon to destroy the enemy, and finally hundreds of cities are reduced to ashes in the "soaring fire of atomic explosion".
It is said that the invention of the atomic bomb also originated from this book.Immigrated to Britain at that timeHungaryphysical scientistLeo SillardDoctor suddenly thought of Welles' science fiction novel "A World of Freedom". Aiming at the scene described in the book, this idea finally prompted Silard to go to the United States a year later and persuaded Einstein to remind President Roosevelt that atomic fission technology could indeed produce powerful bombs.
Sleeping for a hundred years
A man woke up after two hundred years' sleep and found that everything in the world had changed. He was inexplicably elected the king of the rebels, and was involved in a global battle.
The book created an important branch of science fiction: "dystopian" novels.LaterSoviet UnionWe by Amizakin, the beautiful new world by Huxley, and George Orwell《one nine eight four》Both have inherited this tradition.In Wells' utopian novels“ecology”The word "" appears frequently. Many years later, this concept has become a topic that people enjoy talking about.
Star Wars
At the end of the 19th century, Martians came to the earth from the dying Mars and launched a war against Britain, hoping to dominate the world.Humans began to have friendly meetings with them, and fought with Martians only after being strangled.
The author described the human counterattack against the Martians from the perspective of witnesses and parties, but because the technology of both sides is far from each other, it is impossible to fight against the Martians.Martians destroy towns and kill people.And the Martians only regard humans as a kind oflower animalAnd even use humans as food.Seeing that human beings are going extinct, Martians are about to win. They are infected by the bacteria on the earth and all die.
Time machine
The Time Machine is Wells' first work that has gained great reputation, and it is also one of his most outstanding representative works.The hero of the story, "Time Traveler", flew through the space-time tunnel by his self-made "time machine" to 802701 AD.At this time, the world was rich and abundant, and human beings were divided into two different kinds of creatures.One is the fragile and petite Eloi, who live leisurely in luxury palaces on the ground, pampering themselves and feasting themselves all day long. Their intelligence and physical strength are degraded due to their long-term inaction and lack of thinking.The other is the ferocious, rough, lemur shaped Morok people who live in the dark underground world and work beside the rumbling machines all day long to fatten the Eloi people for their own food.After that, the "time traveler" flew to the world millions of years later, when the world was devastated and human beings were extinct, leaving only whitebutterflyAnd giant crabs.Time Machine can be said to be a social fable of superb craftsmanship.Readers can easily guess that Eloi people are modernbourgeois classThe Morlock people are descendants of the modern working class.Wells compared the Western class struggle at the turn of the century withHuman EvolutionCombine them, and send an enlightening warning to the whole modern society in the form of fantasy and fable - the long-term hostility between workers and exploiters may cause terrorist consequences.In addition, through Time Machine, Wells also expressed his concern for the ultimate situation of human beings, which touched hundreds of millions of uneasy hearts.Human beings have been sighing about the shortness of life since their birth. However, Wells imagined a machine that could shuttle freely between time and space, and it was perfectly conceived from theory to practice. How exciting and desirable!As long as human beings are still trapped by the limitations of time and space, the charm of Time Machine will never diminish.
Invisible person
The Invisible Man published in 1897 is probably the most popular and popular work of Wells.noveldescribeA scientist named GriffinScientific InventionThe passionate pursuit of.Griffin's family was poor and talented. He insisted on scientific research and finally achieved his wish. He inventedthe art of making oneself invisible。However, Griffin did not make use of scientific inventions to benefit mankind, but dreamed of dominating the world and establishing“Reign of terror”。In spite of his friend Kemp's earnest advice, he went his own way and ended up being betrayed by others. Finally, he died in anger in the noise of people's shouts.Invisible Man turns its perspective to science and technology itself, showing readers the potential negative effects of the unlimited development of science and technology.Welles warns people that science isdouble-edged sword, which can not only benefit mankind, but also lead to disaster. In a society with excessive materialism, once scientific inventions fall intoSelfishThe consequences will be unimaginable.In addition to the profound social significance, the charm of Invisible Man is also reflected in the portrayal of small people.Often just a few words will make the characters' characters appear on the paper.For example, when discussing how to deal with the invisible people, the villagers in Yiping Town talked freely, but no one put it into practice. The author commented: "These people vividly demonstratedAngles The ability of Saxons to manage parliament: they only talk on paper and never take any decisive action. "TightScientific reasoningIt is also one of the most remarkable features of Invisible Man.Although science fiction has the element of fantasy, if it only has fantasy, it will appear false and untrustworthy.Welles is extremely good atLogicallyThis paper analyzes the scientific principles of stealth, and expounds variousRefraction of lightAnd the reflection theorem, easy to understand and reasonable.His affirmative tone, clear thinking, thorough analysis and strict logic are convincing.
The first man to land on the moon
In The First Man on the Moon, Wells' imaginationFlying, galloping across the universe.The novel tells the story of the scientist Carver who developed aUniversal gravitationAnd use it to make a flying ball, and go to the moon with my friend Bedford.After landing on the moon, the two men were chased by lunar men, and Bedford was able to escape and return to the earth;Carver was unfortunately arrested and imprisoned in the underground world of the moon. Later, he sent back information to the earth, describing the body structure andsocial structure。This book introduces readers to the fantastic world of the moon.According to their respective social responsibilities, lunar men useBiological agentStimulate the abnormal development of some organs, such as the mathematician's head is huge, but his limbs are atrophied, the police have developed muscles, and the postman has long and thin legs.Readers can easily see that these strange moonmen have cast shadows on modern people engaged in various professions.Wells attacked modern times with exaggerationSocial division of laborDistortion and harm to human beings.Moreover, the thrilling pursuit scene in the novel is impeccablelogical reasoningThe magnificent moon scenery is also what science fiction fans like to talk about.No wonder some critics said that Wells' science novels "are fantasies that have reached a high degree of freedom, and still exude an indelible artistic brilliance after the water of years".
Classification of works
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Throughout Wells' half century long creative career, his works can be roughly divided into three categories.The first category is science fiction, mainly written before 1900;The second category is societysatiric novel , written between 1900 and 1910;The third type is mainly created after 1910, which is usually called "thought exposition novel".However, there is no more famous science novel for Wells, mainly including Time Machine, Doctor Morrow Island, Invisible Man, Man Who Landed the Moon for the First Time, Divine Food, Star Wars, When Sleepers Wake, etc., most of which have been adapted into films.The Star Wars published in 1938 wasOrson WellesBuyright of broadcasting, broadcast on Radio New Jersey.Positive value at that timethe Second World WarDuring this period, the American society was filled with tension. After the Star Wars was broadcasted, there was a panic. Many listeners believed it and packed their bags to take refuge in the countryside.The government sent police to burn all the broadcast scripts, but some of them were still kept. Later, the public auction was held, and the script wasHollywoodIt was awarded by the famous director Steven Spielberg and was adapted into a movie that made a worldwide sensation in 2005《World War》。
When the Sleeper Wakes, a science fiction novel by Herbert George Wells.First published in 1899, Herbert George Wells republished it in 1910 after revision.
The World War (radio drama) was broadcasted by CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) in the form of a Halloween play in the Air Mercury Theater on October 30, 1938, with the famous news host Orson Welles as its anchor.This radio play was created by Herbert George
The Outline of World History is a concise reading book written by Herbert George Wells for all history lovers.The book focuses on the heritage of human culture, including ideas, culture, religion and other heritage, which is really valuable in the course of human civilization.This book discusses the formation of the earth, the origin of biology and human beings, and the first world war in modern times, spanning five continents
Time Machine: Crystal Egg is a science fiction novel by Herbert George Wells (1888-1946), a famous British novelist.The novel tells of a genius scientist who developed a method of invisibility and tried to rule the world.He made himself invisible but could not reappear.Faced with the ridicule and contempt of people around him, he began to hate everything.He thought of revenge, revenge on the whole world... When a new type of aircraft appeared in the afternoon
Star Wars is a novel written by the British writer Herbert George Wells. It was first published in 1898.The novel takes place at the end of the 19th century, when the British Empire established a huge colony and dominated the world.Martians fell from the sky and landed near London, marking the beginning of the war to conquer the Earth.Humans use machine guns and cannons to face the advanced weapons of Martians - "hot light" and "black smoke".Dozens of Martians, with the power of thunderbolt, are targeting
Time Machine: Invisible Man is a book published by Liaoning Children's Publishing House in 2010 by Herbert George Wells.This book tells the adventures of an adventurous scientist in 802701 AD, and shows a tragic picture of cannibalism in the future society.
The Time Machine is a novella written by the British writer Herbert George Wells. It was first published in 1895.This work tells the story of the time traveler who invented a machine that can gallop freely in the past and future in the time latitude.When he arrived in 802701 AD by machine, he was presented with a strange and terrifying scene.Human beings are divided into two races: the Aloys and the Molocks.The former is exquisite and beautiful, and has lost
The Invisible Man, a science fiction novel published by the British novelist Herbert George Wells in 1897, is regarded as a masterpiece depicting the confrontation between mad scientists and society.The work tells the story of a genius scientist who lost himself and eventually destroyed himself after he invented the invisibility potion.The Invisible Man, which uses science fiction as the main basis to unfold the story, is full of scientific interest, but what makes readers feel most is the author's understanding of human beings
Sleeping for a hundred years
Author nameHerbert George Wells
Work time2018-9
The author of Outline of World History predicted the world 200 years later!Inspired the "Anti Utopia Trilogy" Zamyakin "We", Huxley "Beautiful New World", Orwell "1984"!The pioneer of dystopian novels!A Hundred Years of Sleeping is about Graham, the hero, who finally sleeps after a long period of insomnia, but wakes up to find himself in the world two hundred years later.The mysterious growth of deposit compound interest made him firmly control the world economy, from
A world of freedom
Author nameHerbert George Wells
Work time2018-9
In the whole 19th century, only two people changed Europe, one was Wells, the other was me——Bernard Shaw Wells' works deeply attracted me with his imagination. I followed his works with great interest and paid high tribute to his genius imagination——How much influence Jules Verne's works, especially those of a popular literature writer, can have is still a question, but I can at least be sure that in 1900
Dr. Morrow Island
Author nameHerbert George Wells
Work time2018-10
Human nature and bestiality, science and ethics, hell and heaven!One of Wells' most famous, treacherous and elusive works!Has been adapted into the film "Island of the Dead", "Out of Man's Island", "Intercept Man's Island"!Doctor Morrow Island tells about a scientist named Morrow who carried out living anatomy and organ transplantation of various animals on an unknown island and transformed them into orcs.These orcs can walk upright, speak, and have some human characteristics
God's Food
Author nameHerbert George Wells
Work time1996-10
The quintessence of world literature (comic book version) God's Food Open this book, and you will find a love letter full of tension, suspense, adventure and excitement. Legends full of courage and struggle spirit will appear before your eyes.There are ordinary little people and great heroes in the story. You can share a colorful and interesting life with them.The Essence of Shinong Literary Masterpieces (comic book version) is a classic literary masterpiece and comic book
space warfare
Author nameHerbert George Wells
Work time2018-10
The science fiction prophet wrote a prediction of future war in 1907!Predict the birth of military aircraft and the outbreak of world war!One of Wells' most prophetic works!The Big Air War tells us that the protagonists in the lower middle class of society were accidentally involved in the German air attack on the United States, which led to a world war of airships against airships and aircraft. The whole world fell into the air war The Big Air War presents us another end that is contrary to the World War
The experience of apprenticeship as a teenager made Wells form a criticismcapitalismThe social consciousness runs through his whole life.
He acceptedUtopian socialismHe claimed that he had been asocialist”。His creation of science fiction is also his attempt to transform society through education, science and technology.But he does not believe in Marxism, but is keen onReformismHe called himself a "conservative socialist".He does not approve of class struggle andViolent revolutionBut he thought it was necessary to eliminate the capitalist societyAnarchy。
In 1903, Wells became a socialist group boasting reformismFabian SocietyMembers.For the moderate and reformist Fabian SocietySocialist ideologyHe still thinks it is too radical.However, his influence on young members and the expansion of personal desire for leadership made him and the leading members of Fabian SocietyBernard ShawWhen there was a disagreement, he finally quit the organization.His novels Ann Veronica and The New Machiavelli reflect hislife experience。
Wells also visited in 1920 and 1934Soviet Union, receivedLeninandStalinInterview with.Although he did not understand the Soviet Unionsocialist systemHowever, they still made a relatively authentic report.This was rare at that time.
Wells is not only a famous writer, but also a famous man with conscienceSocial activists。He once worked with George, a famous British writer·Bernard ShawHe met and became a close friend. After being introduced by Bernard Shaw, Wells joined the Fabian Society headed by Bernard Shaw."Fabian Society" is a kind of socialist society with improved ideologyMass organizationsThey oppose the use of force and hope to rely on economic and political means to transition from capitalist society tosocialist society 。At first, Wells actively participated in the activities of the "Fabian Society". Later, he disagreed with Bernard Shaw and withdrew from the "Fabian Society".During the First World War, Wells participated inLeague of NationsHis interview articles often cause worldwide sensation.
Wells and Verne
WelshScience fictionShortly after his debut, some critics compared him to Jules of France·Verne。In terms of the influence and achievements of the works, the two are indeed equal, but in terms of the way of creation of the works, they are quite different.Verne is only concerned with the realization of science and technology. He has a famous saying: "As long as someone imagines, others will do it." His works teach naturescientific knowledgeIt gives great inspiration to scientists and explorers.While Welles' science novels are based on scientific knowledge, they rely more on imaginations like flying horses.He imagined traveling in the universe and conceived the interstellar war;Send humans to the moon, and then introduce Martians to the earth.He collects angels from the sky and salvages them from the seamermaid；Drive the time machine in time and space.His works are full of surprises and dangers. He observes life from the perspectives of the moon, space, the past and the futureAliensThe story is tense, the plot is strange and fascinating.Wells himself admitted: "This great French writer (referring to Verne)Scientific InventionMy vision is totally different from my fantasy.His works always describe the actual possibility of technology and invention, and he made many excellent predictions about it.What he is interested in is something practical;Before I started writing, I believed that the technology I wrote that had not yet appeared would be realized in the future... What my story shows is not the realizationScientific hypothesisIt is the experience of another fantasy. "
Moreover, the values of Wells and Verne are also different.Verne praised the great invention and great power of science and technology, whose purpose of creation is to introduce readers into the magical and fascinating science fiction world.But Wells' works have profoundrealism。He usedScience fictionWith grotesque characters, bizarre plots, exaggerated techniques, humorous language and magnificent scenes, he pointed out the current problems, revealed the reality, and skillfully expressed his views on life and society.Wells once said that his science fiction inheritsAncient RomewriterApliusstayThe Golden Donkey"The significance of such stories lies not in the fantasy itself, but in the non fantasy factors contained in the fantasy... They can only be translated intoordinary languageAfter, or excluding all the weird elements, the real meaning can be displayed. "It can be seen that science and technology is only a carrier of Wells' creation, not its purpose.His concern is related to technologysocial problemIt is not just praising science and technology itself, but giving objective analysis, warning the negative effects of scientific and technological development, exposing the contradictions and various problems in society, and condemning the absurd and ugly reality.Wells created a model of science fiction that integrates scientific knowledge, literary skills and social concepts, which is incomparable to Verne's "hard science fiction" that advocates scientific spirit and pursues scientific details.
Wells and Churchill
But what Wells has is not just scientific imagination. For more than 100 years, later generations have become more and more aware of him as a societyreformer And the meaning of the prophet - his ideas directly affect the rulers, and there are supporters in both worlds - from Churchill to Lenin.
Churchill's political career was greatly influenced by Wells.Churchill's early political ideas originated from Wells' 1901 novel Foresight.In his political career, he was recognized as a famous speaker. His speeches were full of witticisms, and many classic words have been handed down so far.Some of his witticisms are taken from several novels of Wells.As he once described it with "wind and cloud"Nazi Germany The same expression was used by Wells in his novel World War.
Wells completed in 1905《A Modern Utopia 》, intended for Thomas Moore'sUtopiaContinued.The book puts forward some ideas, including that the state should provide security for citizens' lives.ChurchillGlasgowIn his speech, he mentioned that the country should help "many helpless people".Historians generally believe that this speech is ChurchillCareermilepost.
ChurchillThere are many similar ideas with Wells, both of whom believe that the state should guarantee the life of citizens, including providingRelief, Insurance andChild welfare。Wells named his novel Modern Utopia, and Churchill later called his ideal "security" country "Utopia" in his speech.Welles advocates "eugenics" and believes that people can only meet certain conditions, such as health andeconomic independence, we should consider having offspring.Churchill once said that he envied Wells for "discussing marriage andPopulation issuesAnd courage ".Even a friend of Churchill said that he was a "eugenist".
As an important member of the Fabian Society, Wells also met with Roosevelt. He also visited the Soviet Union twice and wasLeninAndStalinInterview with.Although Wells wrote Kipps, Tono Bongai, Mr. Polly and His History, Mr. Brelin Saw Through Him, Grace, Prediction《Outline of World History》A lot of works focusing on reality and thinking about the future, but in Lenin's eyes, he is essentiallybourgeois class。
Scientific foresight
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Some stories say that,Atomic bombHis invention originated from Wells' novel The World of Freedom.
Although Welles made it clear thatScience fictionHis works are not intended to foresee the possibility of scientific development, but as a highly skilled bachelor of science, his imagination has no shortage of scientific basis. Some works are still outstanding scientific predictions, providing some valuable predictions for the development of science and technology at that time.
For example, in Time Machine, Wells broke the unchangingTime view, explains“Four-dimensional space”And boldly conceive a time machine that can travel through time and space at will."Four dimensional space" and "four dimensional geometry" have been widely recognized and applied in modern times.More miraculously, 20 years after the advent of Time Machine,modern scienceGiant craftsmanEinsteinIt's doneGeneral relativityThe research ofPrinciple of relativityIt is concluded that when the speed of the spaceship reaches a maximum (close to the speed of light), the passengers in the spaceship may realize "time travel".These seemingly absurd theories were laterAstronomical observationAnd microscopic tests, thus creating human beingsHistory of ScienceOnnew era。
Also, as described in "Divine Food", food that can stimulate biological growth potential predicts thatgrowth hormone。In Dr. Morrow's Island, Dr. Morrow's limb transplantation and brain reconstruction of animals unavoidably remind modern readers of the species concerned and debated in the 20th centuryorgan transplantAnd animalAsexual reproduction——Cloning, etc.
In Star Wars, the "hot line" used by Martians is similar to the laser found half a century later, and the "black smoke" is equivalent to the poison gas used by the German army in World War I;The scene of large-scale poisonous creatures described in the novel was confirmed in the two world wars.In The Armor of the Land War, Wells predicted that armored tanks would be used in war.
In Space War, he foresaw that aircraft would be used for war.In The World of Freedom, he invented“Atomic bomb”The description of the atomic bomb explosion scene is the same as the actual situation later.
Welles, in The First TimeMoonThe fantastic scene of the moon's surface described in The Man of Our Lives and Fifty Years LaterApollo 11The photos sent back when landing on the moon are similar.In addition, the novel vividly depictsSpace navigationAnd human soft landing on the moon and spacecraft returnEarth timeSplash down in the sea.
