Ferdinand Marcos（Tagalog: Ferdinand Marcos, September 11, 1917 to September 28, 1989),the PhilippinesFormer PresidentdictatorAnd ruled the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.Because of the economic andSocial reformAnd came to power with corruptCrony capitalismAnd political repressionauthoritarianismThe rule is famous all over the world.
Born on September 11, 1917North Irogo。In 1941, he joined the United States Philippines Allied ArmyInfantry DivisionLieutenantIntelligence Officer。In 1942, he participated in the Battle of Bataan.Served as the military law officer of the Second Division of the Philippine ArmychiefIn 1945MacArthurAppointed as the administrator of the eight provinces of Northern Luzon and promoted to Colonel.Joined in 1945Manuel Rojas AkunaThe Liberal Party of.He joined the Kuomintang in 1964 and was elected in December 1965Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 。In 1969, he was re elected President.He also served as Prime Minister in 1978.In the same year, the New Social Movement Party was formed on the basis of the former Kuomintang and served as its own chairman.In 1981, he was elected president for the third time.
In 1983, his political enemiesBenigno AquinoAfter returning from the United States, Marcos was assassinated at Manila International Airport (now Ninoi Aquino International Airport) in the Philippines.
He was elected president for the fourth time in 1986, but was forced into exile in the United States because of election fraud, which led to mass protests (People's Power Revolution)Hawaii。[1]On September 28, 1989, due toheart diseaseDied in HawaiiHonolulu City, 72 years old.
Ferdinand Marcos' father wasDavaoThe governor of the province is very keen on political activities.Under his cultivation, Marcos became a young man with great speech talent and political ambition.During his middle school and college years, Marcos got excellent grades, and his graduation thesis was awardedQuezonPresidential Memorial Award.
Character's Life
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The riddle of consanguinity
Marcos
Ferdinand Manuel Marcos was born in his grandparents' shop on September 11, 1917.When he grew up, Filipinos called him Freddy, but in front of foreigners, he called himself Fred or Andy.He was very poor when he was young, and ran around the dirty streets with his companions naked.
Marcos' mother, Josefa Edlarin Marcos, was a hard-working primary school teacher and worked as a salesperson in her parents' shop.She is a strong, brave and resourceful young woman.
Half of her ancestry is Chinese, and half is the local Ilolgo people.Her parents and ancestors were leaders of the local village of Ilolgo;Her Chinese ancestry comes from her mother's family, Ketulio. She is a businessman of mixed Chinese and Western blood in Southern Iloilgo Province, and owns cigarsPlantationAnd big houses.
Jose Fa received his education when he was 9 years old. When he entered high school at the age of 21, a handsome 14-year-old boy was particularly attractive.He is Mariano Marcos.It is said that Mariano Marcos' grandfather was a Spanish judge in the provincebastard, although I have accepted it since childhoodcultural education, but not for long.Mariano went to school when he was very young. People who knew him said that he was a precocious child. When he was 14 years old, many girls around him worshipped him, and Josefa was one of them.In 1916, they married secretly and gave birth to Marcos the following year.
North Iluorga people, well-informed journalistsManilaThe Chinese community said that Marcos' biological father was a Chinese named Ferdinand Cai.People can't tell how this young man named Cai fell in love with Josephus. They all said that they were going to get married. Cai's parents objected."They are old-fashioned characters who insist that their sons follow the tradition and return toXiamenAsk for a formal Fujian wife.
Unfortunately, Josephus was pregnant by this time.Therefore, we had to find a suitable husband for her and send her to Manila first, so as to prevent her situation from spreading to the Cai family to lose face.It must be that after a lot of crying and shouting, Jose Fa reluctantly agreed to marry Mariano, a classmate.Of course, the Cai Family must have made arrangements that satisfied Mariano.
Jose Fa named Marcos Ferdinand to emulateMagellan(also Ferdinand) andKing of SpainThe most important thing is that the young master of the Cai family also happens to be called Ferdinand.Master Cai was gentle and elegantUniversity of the PhilippinesAfter studying in law school, he followed his family's arrangement and brought back a formal Chinese wife from Xiamen. Cai became a judge after graduating from college with his strong social relations.Josephus said Cai was Marcos' godfather.
MarcosmemoryThe academic performance is very outstanding.When he graduated from primary school, he was almost selected as the student representative who gave a farewell speech.It was just because he could not afford to pay the tuition when he was in the third grade and lacked several courses. At this time, his father Mariano rose to the top in the political circle with a strong economic support.
"The need for political career has made Mariano penniless most of the time." He spent every penny on his relatives and friends, and on his travel to Northern Iloilgo Province to "win support".In this way, until Marcos entered the university, he occasionally missed classes because he could not pay the tuition.However, Mariano's interest in politics also influenced Marcos.
Climbing the political arena
Marcos on the cover of Time (1966)
Politics is a big game full of hypocrisy, manipulation and gifts.In this game,EgoismIt will be crushed and damaged. Murder is a feasible option.It was murder that brought Marcos into the political world.
In 1935, Marcos' "father" Mariano ran for the House of Representatives against a former local tax official named Julio Narendasan, who once served as a member of the House of Representatives.Interestingly, it was his first time to run for the House of Representatives, and he was elected with 56 more votes than Mariano.
Now, they have become enemies again, because Narendasan defeated Mariano once again.Mariano said angrily that Narendasan used his position as a tax official to extort a lot of moneyvote。The supporters of Narendasan borrowed a coffin, tied it to the open seat in the car, let a person lie in it, marked as Marcos, and wandered along the street.
Marcos saw all this. At that time, he was already a student of the Law School of the University of the Philippines, and he also participated in the training program of the Philippine Security Forces.His main interest is to be a sharpshooter in the university pistol team, and he has wasted a lot of time for this.
On September 20, 1935, the third day after the election, a tropical heavy rain fell and the streets were deserted.At Narendasan's home, the victorious candidate was holding a banquet with his family and friends to celebrate his victory, and it was very late.
Just a few minutes after 10 o'clock, he got up from the table, crossed the platform, and walked to theWashbasinRinse your mouth and brush your teeth.The rain had stopped, butBananaThe tree is still dripping.Through the bright light on the platform, the outline of Narendasan is clearly visible.Suddenly, a sound came from the leaves that were as smooth as waxGunfire, making a loud noise, a bullet shot into Narendasan's back, through his heart and lungs.He gasped and shouted, "Jesus, Mary andJoseph！I got shot! "Then he fell down.A few minutes later, he was dead.
Three years later, MarcosUniversity of the PhilippinesHe was arrested by soldiers of the government security forces in his dormitory.He was accused of killing Narendasan.At this time, he was only five months away from graduation, and his study was excellent.He asked the Supreme Court of the Philippines to grant him bail.After being allowed out of prison, he found himself a celebrity in the Philippines;When he graduated from college, he refused the pardon of the President, which once again attracted the attention of all walks of life in the Philippines;He did it in prisonLawyer Qualification ExaminationAnd recite the Constitution backwards
Marcos thus entered the political society of the Philippines.Later, due to old ageLaurelHe was released from prison because of his eloquence.Max's first career in the society was to work for his friends in prisondefence counsel 。Then, the Japanese came. Marcos resolutely took off his lawyer's black robe and enlisted in the army to participate in the "battle" against the Japanese.
In battle, he was quick witted, resourceful, brave and decisive.But he was also captured by the Japanese armyLuzonOf“Death March ”China escaped death and became the anti Japanese leader of the Philippines after escaping.In the spring of 1945, he was appointed by MacArthur as the administrator of the eight provinces of Northern Luzon, and was awarded the rank of Colonel“Anti Japanese heroes”Reputation.He said that he had been in Besanger;Pace defeated 50 Japanese soldiers alone ", yes“History of the PhilippinesThe most decorated soldiers (32 medals).
Imelda
the Second World WarAfter the formal independence of the Philippines, Marcos took officeManuel Roxas Secretary of the President, Marcos was elected in 1949 on behalf of the Philippine Liberal Partysenatean mp.On May 1, 1954, after 11 days of lightning love, Marcos and his tall, handsome figure were praised as“TaclobanRoseImeldaGet married.
Since then, Marcos, with the full cooperation of Imelda, has prospered and soared.In 1959, he became a senator, and in 1962, Marcos became president of the Senate. Since he was not nominated by the Liberal Party to run for president, Marcos, on behalf of the Philippine National Party, ran for president in 1965 to establishNew Social MovementElected for appeal.
1964, Philippinespresidential electionBefore, MarcosMeeting giftChange jobs to the Kuomintang.The Kuomintang controlled the Senate, and Marcos won the presidential candidate of the Kuomintang. At this time, the Liberal Party was divided into three factions: one supported the current President Macapagal, one supported Marcos, and the other supported Senators Peles and Raul Mangarpus, whom Washington liked.
Marcos finally won the 1965 presidential election with all his efforts.Nine months later, he took his wife Imelda to the United States toGuaranteed supportLyndon Johnson The President is inVietnam?The position on the issue has brought back millions of dollars of cash and huge amount of money for goods "without documents".Like his father, he had a strong interest in politics;The difference is that his father did not become the president in the end, and he had nothing to do with his life, while Marcos became the world's president with tens of billionsUSD assetsOne of the richest men in the world.
Three Presidents
At the beginning of his administration, Marcos also made great achievements, implementing "land reform" and launching“green revolution”, pay attention to education, enlighten people's wisdom, and have made certain achievements.
Ferdinand Emanuel Edlarin Marcos
Since 1976, food has been self-sufficient, and since 1977, a small amount of food has been exported.All this won him the chance to be re elected in 1969 (according to the laws of the Philippines at that time, the president can only be re elected once every four years).
But in 1969, when Marcos was re elected as president, the Philippinessocial contradictions And the contradictions, political chaoscrime rateCompared with the high and declining trend of the world, there is more than that.
By the summer of 1972, Marcos saw that the second term of office of President was about to expire, and began to cling to the post of President.
In order to achieve his goal of ruling the Philippines for a long time and establishing the Marcos Dynasty, he signed "Military Affairs" on September 21, 1972Martial law order”, announced the implementation of military control throughout the country, and arrestedoppositionleaderBenigno AquinoAnd thousands of so-called "subversives", and banned assembly, march and strikeMilitary control。In 1972, a new constitution was promulgated the following year to change the American stylePresidential systemBritish styleResponsibility cabinet system, stipulating that the President shall concurrently serve as Prime Minister during the period of military control.
In order to maintain the autocratic rule, Marcos appointed people by favoritism and fostered his close friends.His wife, Imelda, has been in office since 1975Metro Manila Mayor, who was unofficially designated as the successor of the president in 1978, was appointed as the cabinet of ministers of various ministries in 1979prolocutorAnd become the second most powerful person in the Philippines.Their only son, Peng PengIlogosGovernor of the province.Imelda's brother Kokoyi first served asLeite ProvinceGovernor, later served as ambassador to China and ambassador to the United States.
The new one led by MarcosSocialist PartyIt controls 88% of the seats in the National Assembly and 90% of the provincial mayors in the country.Sea, land and airMajor military positions, such as the commander of the three armed forces, the chief of staff, the garrison commander of the presidential palace, the director of national security intelligence, and the commander of the capital police force, are also mostly held by fellow villagers loyal to him in Ilogos Province.
Under Marcos' harsh rule, the parliament was in vain, and party activities were absolutely prohibited. A large number of politicians, journalists and students opposed to Marcos were in prison. "Chinese people should not dare to speak up, and the way should be seen." At the same time, Marcos and his wife relied on their power, used all means to engage in private affairs, cheat and embezzle public funds.Their property grew rapidly.
When Marcos was a member of Congress, someone once gave him the nickname "Mr. 10%".Before and after taking office as president, especially after the implementation of military control in 1972, the "10%" gradually became public and institutionalized, so that any business, investment and business in the Philippines must burn incense and pay tribute to the Ma Family, or elseadministrative decreeOr the phone can make you bankrupt.
In 1982, the Marcos walked and talked with Reagan
From the mid-1950s, Japan began to pay war reparations to the Philippines, with a total amount of more than 500 million dollars, which was paid off over 20 years.As a result, the Marcos managed to include a large part of it in their own pockets.In the early 1970s, Japan provided a total of US $5 billion in assistance to the Philippines, mainly for the purchase of Japanese steel, machinery, feed and fiber.
In this process, Imelda made a big deal and collected a large amount of commissions and bribes.World BankMany of the billions of dollars in loans provided to the Philippines were either wasted by the Marcos or turned into a gatewayprivate bank The rolling financial resources of the account.
Marcos' 20 years in office have made the Philippines, a debt free country, owe 26.5 billion dollars in foreign debt alone. Of the 55 million Filipinos, 70% are poor and hard to make a living. A large number of Filipino girls are too poor to eat, so they have to sell as prostitutes, and many have become international prostitutesMail order bride。The Marcos amassed a large amount of wealth through extortion.
Before taking office, Marcos had only $30000 in assets.When he collapsed in 1986, his property was estimated to be no less than 10 billion dollars (he onlyNew YorkThere are 350 million dollars of assets), including 3 billion dollars of corruption, which is rare.If the US $10 billion can be recovered, it can repay 40% of the Philippines' foreign debt, which is more than three times the Philippines' annual budget.At that time, the Philippine economy collapsed and lost its repaymentInternational debtI can't even pay the interest.
In 1981, under domestic and external pressure, Marcos announced the abolition of military control. In order to ensure that power would not be reduced, in April of the same year, the Constitution was amended again through a referendum to change the political system into a French presidential system.The new constitution stipulates that the president has absolute power in extraordinary times, and the term of office of the president is changed to six years, without the restriction of re-election.
event of assassination
In 1983, Marcos was in power for the 18th year. The long-term autocratic rule has made him unpopular in China.At this time, Aquino, his powerful enemy, was about to end his exile and return home.When Marcos heard the news, he quickly sent his wife Imelda to New York to meet Aquino. He threatened him with both threats and inducements, asked him to stay in the United States and work as an apartment. He claimed that his life would be in danger if he returned to Manila.But Aquino is determined to remain unmoved.On August 21, 1983, he tookBoeing 767The plane embarked on the journey home.
On that day, Manila International Airport was heavily fortified. About 5000 aviation security forces guarded all exits of the airport. When Aquino arrivedGangwayThe soldier walking behind him suddenly pulled out a pistolHindbrainWhen he was shot, Aquino fell from the gangway and fell on the ground. Blood gushed out of his head and he swallowed in an instant.
Aquino was killed in broad daylight, which shocked the whole world, and even set off a huge wave in the Philippines.Tens of thousands of people took to the streets, shouting and protesting.The taxi driver wearsT-shirt, merchants wear Moro peopleWaist knife, walked side by side in the anti Marcos demonstration.
In order to calm the storm, on the afternoon of August 23, Marcos pretended to order the establishment of a five member judicial committee headed by Supreme Court Judge Fernando to investigate the murder of Aquino.
In January 1985, the Philippine Procuratorate formally charged the court with 25 soldiers and a government official, including Marcos' most powerful eagle dog, Bell, the chief of staff of the armed forces, and said that they were involved in the murder case.However, the hearing work encountered obstacles.Some key witnesses suddenly disappeared before giving evidence.The hearing had to be postponed again and again because there were no witnesses.
On December 2, the court made a formal judgment on the Aquino case;None of the defendants was charged with any crime.As soon as the verdict was read out, there was an immediate disturbance inside and outside the court.People in the courtroom applauded and stomped their feet and booed incessantlyCar hornIt shook the sky to express extreme dissatisfaction with the verdict.
Marcos' cover up and self shielding behavior further inspiredmassesThe anti government activities of the Communist Party of China also strengthened the ranks of the opposition and gradually united the originally divided opposition parties for the common goal in the struggle.In 1984, the National Assembly was re elected. As a result, the opposition party won one third of all the seats at one fell swoop, increasing from the original 11 seats to more than 60 seats, showing a strength that cannot be ignored.
Campaign storm
When Marcos saw that people's hearts were gradually shifting to the side of the opposition party and that his ruling foundation was in danger of collapsing, he decided to take the plunge and hold a presidential election one and a half years ahead of schedule in February 1986.This was the most intense and dangerous political duel in the Philippines after the war.One side of the contest is the ruling New Socialist Party presidential candidates Marcos andvice presidentThe candidate is Tolentino, one of the most prestigious politicians in the Philippines, and the other is the president and vice president candidate of the largest opposition party, the United National Democratic Organization of the PhilippinesCorazon AquinoAnd Salvador Laurel.
Marcos' initialCampaignDon't mind, because he hasruling partyWe have the favorable position of holding radio, television, major newspapers and other public opinion tools, and have 160 million dollars of campaign funds, especially a formidablearmed forcesSo he openly laughed at Corazon Aquino and said, "I always feel happy talking with ladies."Cory Aquino Having no experience in politics, knowing nothing about the economy and management of the country, and sharing with the PhilippinesNew People's ArmyIf there is collusion, if she takes power, the country will fall into chaos and division, and the Communist Party will come to power in the Philippines.
Mrs. Aquino and Laurel are not afraid of violence. They are convinced that justice will prevail over evil. They have worked hard all over the country, met voters or made speeches, calling on the people to make a choice between "greedy and corrupt regimes" and "free, open and responsible governments".
Mrs. Aquino did not hesitate to say that she was a housewife, "I am a layman in politics, but as a housewife around the pot, I am proficient in daily economy".She also responded to Marcos' sarcasm and said, "They said I have no ability and experience to manage this country in distress. Then please see what this country is like now under the rule of the man who claimed to have rich experience!" Akinov's election speech was eloquent and full ofappeal, widely praised.
Opinion polls show that Mrs. Aquino's support rate is much higher than Marcos's.Now Marcos was a little flustered. He immediately called a meeting to study the election strategy and decided to install the most advancedcomputer systemAnd sent campaign staff to all villages throughout the country to report on the campaign at any time.Just at this time, the United States, an international ally, also began to lose confidence in the Marcos regime and become dissatisfied.
The relationship between the United States and the Philippines has always been very special.In the Philippines, there are not only US military subiksnaval base、Clark Air Force BaseThe United States has always wanted to build the Philippines into its "showcase of democracy" to influence the whole countryAsia。However, in recent years, Marcos not only used the base issue to bargain with the United States, but also made a mess in the construction of "democratic politics". Anti government demonstrations, angry faces and dilapidated street villages can be seen everywhere, especially after the assassination of Aquino, the Philippines fell into a serious political situationeconomic crisisin
U.S. governmentaccording toIntelligence judgementThe Marcos regime was in danger and could not last long, so it began to play tricks to damage Marcos' reputation.Members of Congress publicly exposed Marcos' possession of property in the United States by means of corruption, and some people disclosed Marcos'sWorld War IIBefore the end, he was arrested by a US captain for "collecting money by fraudulent means".Marcos was extremely angry about this and accused it of "someImperialismThe "naked and explicit interference" of the elements in the internal affairs of the Philippines.
In this delicate international and domestic situation, the intense election campaign ended at midnight on February 5, 1986.At the beginning of the general election at 7:00 a.m. on February 7, Mrs. Aquino came to aPolling stationVote and confidently say to the reporter: "I hope to see you again at the inauguration ceremony."
On the same day, the Marcos also tookhelicopterReturn to your hometown to participate in the election.On that day, about 26 million voters in the Philippines voted at 86000 polling stations nationwide.USA presidentReaganLed by the chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, LugarobserverThe delegation went to the Philippines to monitor the electoral process.44 people representing 19 countriesobserver delegationAlso came to Manila.Diplomats from embassies of various countries in the Philippines are all dispatched according to the instructions of their own governments.In addition, more than 1000 journalists came from all over the world to cover this international news event.
On February 15, the counting of votes was completed, and the National Assembly announced that Marcos had won by 1.5 million more votesCorazon Aquino, won thegeneral election。Marcos said that "this is one of the hardest battles I have ever experienced in my life" and hurriedly announced that the inauguration ceremony will be held on February 25.
Mrs. Aquino immediately issued a statement saying that she did not recognize the election results.On February 16, at a mass rally attended by 400000 people in Manila, she once again protested Marcos' deceptive propaganda, announced that she had been elected President of the Philippines by an overwhelming majority, and called on people from all walks of life in the country - workers, students, businessmen, staff - to strike, strike, strike the market, strike the newspaper, strike the bank, boycott the election results, and force President Marcos to resign.
world opinionThey also responded quickly.In many countries, the fraud andviolenceShocked and regretful.Japanese newspapers called the presidential election "the dirtiest election in the history of the Philippines".UK, FranceWest Germany、Australia, JapanThailandPeople from many countries have made speeches, pointing out that Marcos' "victory" won by illegal means is worthless.United States Senate and House of RepresentativesResolutions were passed to denounce the Philippines' general election as a complete fraud and request the government to suspend its aid to Marcos.
Step down in dismay
In the Philippines, sharp opposition between the government and the opposition, fierce preparation, and extremely tense atmosphere.By February 22, the situation had changed dramatically.At 6:00 that night, Marcos' staunch confidant——defence secretaryArturo Enrile and Acting Chief of Staff of the Armed ForcesFidel Ramos Launched a mutiny, held a press conference order in the building of the Ministry of Defense, clearly announced that they opposed Marcos, supported Mrs. Aquino, and quickly established contact with her.A few hours later, Marcos announcedTelevision speechAnd demanded that Enrila and Ramos immediately stop this foolish action and voluntarily surrender.
On the morning of the 23rd, Enlile and Ramos led the mutiny troops from the building of the Ministry of Defense to the Cramer Barracks, where the headquarters of the Philippine Security Force and the Joint Police Command are located.Marcos hurriedly ordered Bell, the former chief of staff of the armed forces, to take decisive action.Bell then ordered General Tatimanl to commandMarine CorpsSend out tanks to surround Kramer Barracks.But the heavily armed soldiers were soon surrounded by thousands of people.As a result, the tank troops did not rush to the barracks, but retreated in the opposite direction.
On the 24th, a large number of army and air force officers and men joined the mutiny force.Marcos suffered setbacks and was extremely depressed.In desperation, he had to announce through direct television broadcast at the Presidential Palace that from 6:00 p.mstate of emergency。But before he could finish speaking, the TV program suddenly stopped.It turned out that the TV station was also occupied by the rebel forces.
In the evening, the situation turned sharply downward, and military and political officials defected one after another.Of the 250000 troops, 85% have gone to the side of the mutiny.Government departmentsInstitutional sectorAmong them, 90% announced their separation from the Marcos government.Philippines stationed in countries around the worldDiplomatic envoyThey have declared that they no longer represent the Marcos regime.Even Marcos' spokesman, Christopher Val, publicly said that Marcos should "conform to the public opinion of the Philippines and international public opinion" and resign as president.
On the other side of the ocean, after careful study, the US government confirmed that the Marcos era had ended, so on the afternoon of the 24th (the morning of the 24th Washington time), White House spokesman Spikes issued President Reagan's statement on the situation in the Philippines to reporters.
Spikes said that President Reagan issued a statement demanding Marcos' resignation after receiving the disturbing news that General Bell, who was loyal to Marcos, "may launch an attack on the military leaders and their supporters of the two rebels located near the Philippine capital".The statement said: "It is useless to try to prolong the life of the current government through violence. The only way to solve the crisis is to peacefully transfer power to the new government." This statement was tantamount to giving Marcos a reminder.
At this time, Marcos was really besieged from all sides and was at the end of his tether.He looked back on the past and could not sleep through the night.At 3:00 a.m. on the 25th, Marcos asked President Reagan's friend, Senator Laksolt, through the hotlineWhite HouseIs the statement just issued to ask him to resign true?Can the United States make arrangements for him to share power with Mrs. Aquino, such as being an honorary president?If he leaves, can the United States ensure the safety of his family?The answer was: "The United States has a very clear attitude. It is too late to share power now, but it is no problem to leave safely." Marcos kept silent for a long time, and finally said the words "I am very, very disappointed" weakly.
On the afternoon of February 25, Ramos' air force launched another rocket at the Presidential Palace.At this point, Marcos had to make up his mind to go.At 5 p.m., he first called Enrilai to express his willingness to transfer power on the condition that his family would be safe to leave.Enrilai agreed.Then Marcos called the US ambassador to the Philippines and asked for a plane to be sent as soon as possible.At about 9 p.m., four "Happy Green Giant" helicopters landed in the presidential palace compound in the darkness. Marcos, his family and his confidant General Bell and other 90 people hurried into the plane and flew to Clark, located in northwest ManilaUS Air ForceBase.
"Marcos has escaped!" The news quickly spread to every corner of Manila.Millions of citizens spontaneously took to the streets, singing and dancing to celebrate the victory.The masses pushed the guards to rush into the presidential palace and smashed the huge portrait of the Marcos or threw it into the fishpond outside the house.
Open the underground storage room of Imelda, people seem to walk into a smalldepartment storeThere are 2500 coats, 15 mink coats, 3500 pairs of pantsBra500Parasol65 pairs, 68 pairs of glovesSun glasses71 pairs, 888 handbags, 5 shelves of colorful suitcases, large bottles and barrels of expensive imported cosmetics.Although people usually have heard about the luxurious life of the Marcos, they are still surprised after witnessing the scene.
Died in a foreign country
Besides, after arriving at Clark US Army Base by helicopter, the Marcos wanted to return to Ilogos province, but the development of the situation forced them to give up the idea.So, you can only transfer to Intercontinentaltransport plane, viaGuamGo to HawaiiHonolulu。As soon as they got off the plane, the Marcos family and their entourage were arranged in Hickam on the outskirts of Honoluluair baseGuesthouse。
However, their 300 cases of luggage were detained by the Hawaiian Customs.22 casespesoNew notes (about 1.2 million dollars), two Philippine banks equivalent to 1.8 million dollarsCertificate of deposit, full of 15 cases of gold, diamonds, jewelry, watches, as well as a large number of precious works of art, securities, real estateland title……US CustomsRegister these things one by one,
The 2300 page asset list was submitted to the new Philippine government on March 18.
After the new government led by Mrs. Aquino came to power, it immediately ordered the freezing of all the assets of Marcos and his relatives and friends in China, and established aIncorruptible governmentCommittee, special inventoryMarcos FamilyProperty at home and abroad.After three years of hard investigation, the Anti Corruption Commission preliminarily found out that the Marcos family's assets include:
In the Philippines, there are 4500 mu of real estate, 5000 mu of land, 23 farms, 232 companies, 18 television stations, 36 radio stations, 29 aircraft, 13 yachts, and $1 billion in cash.There are tons of gold, and jewelry is equivalent to one billion dollars.In the United States, New YorkManhattan4 office buildingsLos AngelesBeverly HillsVilla, HawaiiHonolulu Villa。$700 million in cash and jewelry.staySwitzerland，bank depositUS $1 billion.
In Australia, more than 500 million dollars.stayBrazilAt least $300 million.In addition, in Hong Kong, IndonesiaNetherlands, UKBahamasetc.countries and regions The Marcos family also has a large amount of property deposits.I'm afraid no one can tell how far these findings are from the assets actually owned by the Marcos family.
When Marcos and his party first arrived in Honolulu, they wereGovernor of HawaiiThe couple and senior officials of Hickam base gave a grand welcome. Although the living conditions were not comparable with those in China, they were still comfortable and elegant. The mayor of Honolulu also asserted that Marcos was 99% likely to settle in the city.
However, as time went by, Marcos gradually expressed dissatisfaction with the United States' delay in returning the 300 boxes of detained baggage, and the Reagan Administration's attitude towards the exile also gradually cooled, even saying that the United States did not "intend to give Marcos anyDiplomatic privilege”。
In this case, Marcos had to cooperate with SpainMexico、Panama, Indonesia and other governments negotiate and request permission to goPolitical asylum。When the Ko Aquino government learned of the situation, it immediatelynoteThe countries concerned pointed out that the Philippines would break off diplomatic relations with whoever took Marcos in.In this way, even countries willing to accept Marcos can only show their helplessness in the end.Marcos, who was seriously ill, lived alone in a foreign country. He was worried and lonely. He lived like a year. From time to time, he showed strong homesickness and hoped to return home as soon as possible.
Marcos in his hometown
On May 4, 1988, Marcos' 95 year old mother died of illness in the suburbs of Manila.After hearing the news, the Marcos insisted on returning to China to mourn their mother, and threatened to sneak back by plane.But Mrs. Aquino was withBoth Houses of CongressAfter consultation, the leaders and the Cabinet Crisis Committee announced: "Based on the consideration that the interests of the country are higher than the interests of individuals, I am not allowed to let the former president return home at this time."
May 19, 1989, withpneumonia、heart diseaseMax ofDying。Its supporters demonstrated in front of the U.S. Embassy in the Philippines, demanding that the United States andGovernment of the PhilippinesfromhumanitarianismStand out and allow Marcos to return to his hometown.However, Mrs. Aquino still said that "in order to avoid an unfortunate event", the Philippine government would not allow Marcos to return to his country, nor would his body be transported back after his death.
On September 28, 1989, Marcos diedheart failureHe died in Honolulu at the age of 72.Since the relevant US authorities, at the request of the Philippine government, issued a ban on the airlift of Marcos' remains, Imelda had to temporarily house Marcos' coffin after holding a funeral for her late husband on October 15HonoluluislandtempleMemorial ParkIn an air-conditioned temporary mausoleum in the valley.This shows that Marcos' ghost may have to wander here for a long time before returning to his hometown.
On November 8, 2016, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that the body of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos should be buried in the Hero Cemetery.[2]
Character evaluation
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Although Marcos is a political figure with mixed reputation, he has otherGloria Macapagal-Arroyo Incomparable influence.During his first term of office, he made remarkable progress in agriculture, industry and education.According to Asia Pulse, 2005July's investigation, Marcos'SatisfactionUp to 70%, higher than all successors.
