Requirements for quality refers to the expression of product needs or the transformation of needs into a set of specificrationorqualitativeTo realize and assess the requirements of.Quality requirements are also an important factor in determining data collection methods.If the investigator is selected through assessment, has good quality and sense of responsibility, and has received special training, then the face-to-face survey can effectively reduce the respondent's response error.For example, the investigator can give a clear and correct explanation of the concepts used in the investigation;Experienced investigators can also judge the authenticity of respondents' answers and use relevant techniques in the investigation to clarify, so as to ensure high-qualitydata。[1]
Chinese name
quality requirement
Foreign name
requirements for quality
Applicable fields
Industry
Legal basis
Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China
Requirements for quality Quality requirements refer to the expression of product needs or the transformation of needs into a set of quantitative or qualitative requirements for entity characteristics, so that they can be realized and assessed.Producers shall establish and improve the internal product quality management system, and strictly implement the post quality specification and quality responsibility law.Bear the legal liability law caused by product quality problems.According to the company's relevant information providers, the producers and sellers of products should strictly implement the provisions of the Product Quality Law and relevantlawAccording to laws and regulations, it is strictly prohibited to forge the origin of products, forge or falsely use certification marks, and prohibit adulteration, adulteration, passing a fake off as a genuine product, or passing a defective product off as a high-quality product in the production and sales of products.
1. There is no unreasonable danger endangering the safety of human life and property, and if there are national and industrial standards to ensure human health and safety of human life and property, they shall comply with the national and industrial standards;
2. It shall have the use performance that the product should have, except for the defects in the use performance of the product;
3. Comply with the product standards indicated on the product or its package;
4. Comply with the quality status method indicated by product description, physical samples, etc.
effect
Announce
edit
(1) The most important thing is that the quality requirements should fully reflect the explicit and implicit needs of customers.
(2) Requirements include contractual and internal requirements, which can be developed, refined and updated at different planning stages.
(3) The specified quantitative requirements for characteristics include: nominal value, rated value, limit deviation and tolerance.
(4) The quality requirements shall be expressed in functional terms and documented.The quality requirements shall include the user's requirements, social environmental protection requirements and the enterprise'sInternal controlIndicators are expressed in a set of quantitative requirements, which are the basis for product design. During the design process, different design stages have different quality requirements, such as the quality requirements of scheme design, technical design, construction drawing design, test and verification.At the same time, in the manufacturing process, different stages also have different quality requirements.
Therefore, Note (2) defined in ISO8402 clearly points out that these requirements should be refined and modified at different planning stages."Requirement" is actually the "input" of each quality activity. The implementation (process) of this activity changes the "input" into "output", and verifies whether the "output" meets the "input" requirements. When quality requirements are specified, mandatory legal requirements (such as safety, health, environmental protection, etc.) related to the productIt must be considered, regardless of whether the user has put forward this requirement. This is a social requirement put forward by the state to protect the public and energy, and is an integral part of product design input.When applying for quality system certification, enterprises must also clearly state which mandatory regulatory requirements must be met in the product range covered by the quality system certification.Three party certification authorityAuditorThese social requirements should be carefully studied in order to determine the focus of audit activities according to the industry characteristics of the product.Attention should be paid to the meaning of "social requirements".
Express manner
Announce
edit
The explicit quality requirements of the product refer to the explicit quality commitment law made by the producer on the quality of the product.In discussing these relevant contents, the producers should clearly express the law.Generally speaking, the ways in which the producers express product quality requirements include:
IWIPOr the product standards adopted shall be indicated on the package;
2、 Indicate the quality content of the product in the product specification;
3、 The quality content of the product is indicated by the physical sample of the product;
4、 Other expressions permitted by laws and administrative regulations.
Clause formulation
Announce
edit
When the subject matter is determined, the most important thing is the quality clause.The core of quality terms is clear and operable.
For national standards, industrial standardsEnterprise standardThe complete standard number shall be directly quoted in the contract.
National standards and other standards do not have to be used as they are. For special use requirements, special higher quality requirements can be put forward.But as mentioned above, it must be clearly agreed in the contract.The national mandatory standards are not allowed to be lowered according to the National Standardization Law, otherwise the relevant quality clauses of the contract will be invalid according to law.
There is no national standard, industrial standard, enterprise standard or its standard is different from the unit's use requirements.The quality requirements shall be clearly agreed and the reasons for special quality requirements shall be put forward.The purpose is to show that the other party is aware of the necessity of this special requirement.The fundamental reason is that there is a deep-rooted concept of fault liability in Chinese trials.
Sometimes it may happen that the two parties agree on certain quality requirements in the contract, and the other party implements certainquality standardOr requirements, some quality standards or requirements also appear in the relevant quality materials provided by the other party.At this time, three quality requirements or standards may appear.Sometimes, ifNegotiation abilityIf allowed, all possible quality requirements can be taken as itsqaContent of.In this way, you can take the initiative and even lower your work requirements.
However, for products with very simple quality requirements, there is no need to be so cautious.Clear and specific, and the quality problems that can be thought of can be prevented
Management commitment
Announce
edit
The top management shall provide evidence for the commitment made to establish and implement the quality management system and continuously improve its effectiveness through the following activities:
a. Communicate to the organization the importance of meeting the requirements of customers and laws and regulations;
The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management system in accordance with the requirements of the management system standards, andContinuous improvement。
The organization shall:
a. Identify the process required by the quality management system and its application in the organization;
b. Determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c. Determine the criteria and methods required to ensure the effective operation and control of these processes;
d. Ensure that necessary resources and information can be obtained to support the operation and monitoring of these processes;
e. Measure, monitor and analyze these processes;
f. Implement necessary measures to achieve the planned results of these processes and the continuous improvement of these processes.
For the organizationoutsourceThe organization shall ensure the control of any process that affects product conformity.For this classOutsourcing processThe control of shall be identified in the quality management system.
Comparability: the same enterprise should use the sameaccounting policy And shall not be changed at will.If it is necessary to change it, it shallnote appendedDescribed in.Same or similar in different enterprisesTransactions or eventsThe prescribed accounting policies shall be adopted to ensure the consistency and comparability of accounting information.
Importance:assets, liabilities, profits and losses, etcAccounting eventsIt shall be fully disclosed that minor accounting matters can be properly consolidated and simplified.
Prudence: also known as conservatism or prudence, refers to that an enterprise should maintain necessary prudence when carrying out accounting, and should not count more assets or gains, and less liabilities or expenses, but should not count and drawSecret preparation。(The cost is higher, the asset or income is lower: for example, the income is 5000-8000 per month, or 5000 per month)
Timeliness: First, timely collection is requiredaccounting information , i.eEconomic businessCollect and sort out various original documents in time after the occurrence;The second is to deal with accounting information in a timely manner and prepare financial reports in a timely manner;Third, timely transfer of accounting information.
