Beirut,LebanonCapital.be locatedmediterranean seaOn the narrow and long plainMount Libanen, bothmediterranean seaThe largest fine seaport city on the east coast is also an important gateway and cargo distribution center of the Lebanese Republic;sinceMiddle EastCommerce, transportationfinanceAnd the cultural center is also the connecting point between the East and the West and the gateway to the Middle East.Beirut, with its exquisitearchitectural artThe gorgeous natural scenery and famous historical sites attract tourists from all over the world.
Beirut is not onlylebanese government Location, andLebanonThe economy also has an impact that cannot be ignored.Central Beirut、Hamra street , Ashrafih and other places have many companies and banks.In addition, there are many famous publishing houses and theaters with rich nightlife, so it has become the cultural center in the region.At the end of the 20th centuryLebanese Civil WarIt was destroyed and underwent great reconstruction.
In the evening of August 4, 2020, a violent explosion occurred in Beirut port area. As of August 12, 2020, Beijing time, 171 people had been killed, and the number of missing people ranged from 30 to 40.[2]（August 4 explosion in the Lebanese capital）。
The original name of Beirut was Ashtrite, which means the goddess of love and beauty. Later, it was renamed Beirut."Beirut" in ancient SyrianPhoenicianandHebrewIn Chinese, it means "a city with many wells", because the city was built by ancient residents in a barren land where water is scarce.At that time, in order to solve the problem of drinking and irrigating farmland, people dug many wells along the edge of the city wall. As time passed, people used to call this place "Beirut", and finally replaced the name "Ashtrite".The ruins of some ancient wells can still be seen in Beirut.
The city's entertainment industry, such as song and dance performances and film and television production, is very developed.Beirut also has a huge educational institution,Lebanese University 、American University of Beirut 、Saint Joseph's University 、Arab University of BeirutAnd other comprehensive universities.Among them, American University of Beirut is not only the best university in Lebanon, but alsoMiddle EastThe most famous university in the region, known as the "Middle EastHarvard”。In addition, there are nationalmusic schoolArt schools and other professional schools.Many international and regional conferences are often held in the city.Beirut is still important in the Middle EastTransport hub。Beirut PortIt is the largest port on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, with a port area of 66 hectares and a port depth of 15 to 18 meters. 100000 ton cargo ships can directly dock to load and unload goods.Beirut International Airport It is a famous international airport, where more than 20 airlines take off and land every day.[4]
Beirut
local customs and practices
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Night View of Beirut
Beirut has becomeArab WorldinCost of livingOne of the highest cities, second only toTel Aviv 。BeirutWorld CitiesThe cost of living ranked 52nd.Middle EastNorth AfricaThe city with the lowest living cost in the region isIranOfteheran or tehran, ranking 129 out of 144 world cities surveyed.In the world, the city with the highest living cost is JapanTokyo, the lowest isParaguayCapital ofAsuncion。The study was conducted byLondonThe cost of living mainly includescommunal facilitiesPrice, transportation expenses, rent, leisure and entertainment expenses, tobacco and alcohol prices, etc.Compared with the reference city of New York, BeirutSports and leisureFees and VacanciesHouse rentIs the highest becauseGulf regionWith the continuous inflow of investment, the price of a luxury apartment in downtown Beirut is up to 4 million dollars.The high cost hinders the development of business in Beirut. The mobile communication charge of 0.44 dollars per minute is the highest in the Arab regionWater priceThey are also the highest in the region.
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overview
Beirut
Domestic land transportation is mainly by roadinternational transportIn addition to those connected with neighboring countriesAutomobile transportationOffshoreShippingIt is also convenient. The main port is Beirut.Beirut Port is the main portTrade port, 1997throughputUp to 5.85 million tons.The traffic is mainly by sea and air, followed by roads.
water transport
The main port is Beirut Port.Beirut Port is the main trade port, with 14 container and bulk cargo terminals.In 2002, the throughput was 4.712 million tons, accounting for 70% of Lebanon's imports and exportsFreight volume。
air transport
Beirut Airport is famousAirportBefore the civil war, 70 airlines flew through Beirut Airport.During the civil war, airports were often forced to close.In 1990, Ligovernment investment The Beirut Airport will be upgraded with US $400 million to increase its throughput from 2 million person times to 6 million person times per year.There are 35 airlines flying through the airport.30627 flights in 2002, annual aviationCargo throughput60000 tons.
highway
Throughout the country, the roads were severely damaged during the civil war. The government formulated a repair plan, but the repair work was slow due to the lack of funds.On average, Li has one car for every three people, and the per capita car ownership ranks first in the world, with a total of 1.45 million vehicles.
Cultural customs
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Beirut Seashore
The Republic of Lebanon is called Lebanon for short.Arabic is the national language, French and English are commonly used.The capital is Beirut.Independence on November 22, 1943.Beirut isFreeportEvery year, a large number of goods from western countries are transferred to countries in the Middle East via Lebanon.The main export commodities are vegetablesMetalware, textiles, chemicals, glassware and cement, etc.currencyLebanese PoundThe marriage customs of Lebanese Muslims are basically the same as those of Egypt, Syria and other countries.People generally advocate early marriage, and Lebanon allowsConsanguinity marriageThis custom prevails today.The traditional wedding lasts for seven days. When people hold a wedding in Baga, they often shoot guns to cheer up in order to send joy to the whole district.Business activitiesWant to date, butLebaneseThey don't pay much attention to punctuality.It's a good time to talk about business after dinner. Flowers and candy are better gifts. Don't give wine or cigarettes.Lebanese like to be praised for their families.You can talk about business, children, education and travel.They love to hear jokes.Avoid talking about politics, religion andrelations between the two sexes。In Lebanon's Libwa region,GirlsIn my heart, I love the "earth riding husband" most.Because of the localhorseRarely, the groom often rides donkeys to the bride's house.On the way, he is often robbed by friends who lie in ambush beside the road. He must show all his martial arts.The faster he escapes and returns to the bride, the higher his intelligence and martial arts will be, and the more he can become the groom.
Cultural relics
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Aerial view of Beirut
Beirut is an ancient cultural city, which not only attracts tourists from all over the world with its beautiful scenery, mild climate and unique buildings, but also with its many famous historical sites.In the Beirut National Museum, there are cultural relics of various historical periods, the first invention in the worldAlphabetic textOfPhoeniciansOfHieroglyphicsThere are many statues, precious jade, etc.There are four universities in China, including three in Beirut. The most famous one is the American University founded in 1886. It is the largest American educational institution abroad.arab countriesMany of our senior officials graduated from this school.In addition, there are many other schools such as the Academy of Fine Arts and the National Conservatory of MusicJunior college。Beirut has delivered doctors, professors, engineers andindustrialist。
Street View of Beirut
In Beirut, there are remnants of Roman city walls, temples, bathhouses and mosques built during the Ottoman Empire.Balebac, more than 80 kilometers east of Beirut, is an ancient city built in the Phoenician era, with famous Greek and Roman relics, the most striking of which isBaalbek Temple , which is one of the famous places of interest in the world.The temple was built in 2000 BC by Phoenicians to worship the sun god Balak.Bibulu, more than 30 kilometers north of the city, now known asJubailThere are ruins of ancient Phoenician castles.Saida Port, more than 40 kilometers south of the city, hasCrusadersA strong castle built.On the cliff in the mountain area north of Beirut, not far from the Kaleb River, people of different times use their wisdom to carveCuneiform, hieroglyphicsLatinAnd Arabic characters.This is the glorious achievement recorded here by the victorious military commander in ancient times, which is famous all over the world“Message Cliff”。The earliest record here is in Egypt in the 13th century BCPharaohThe victory of Ramses IIHittites An inscription on a tablet.The last record left on the cliff was carved by the Arabs themselves, which said "On December 31, 1946, the last French soldier left Lebanese territory".
Cultural history
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Early civilization
As early asNeolithic AgeThere are humans living in caves on the coast and cliffs of Beirut.In the Phoenician era, Beirut had taken the shape of a city. It was an important commercial port at that time, and was famous for its weaving industry, printing and dyeing industry, and cast iron industry.In the Greek era, Alexander the Great's army stationed in Beirut, making the cityGreek civilizationCharacteristics of.The prosperity of Beirut reached its peak during the Roman Empirebathhouserow upon row of.In 349 and 551 AD, Beirut was destroyed by a strong earthquake and tsunami.When the Muslim conquerors occupied Beirut in 635, most of the city was still in ruins.
Crusader Period
Beirut was rebuilt by Muslims, and a small walled fortress city reappeared, as part of the province of Damascus (jund, Muslim province), under the jurisdiction of Baalbek.Until the 9th or 10th century, Beirut was not important in business, and it was famous for the careers of two local jurists, Ozai (died in 774) and Makhul (died in 933).In the 10th century, maritime trade returned to the Mediterranean, especially Syria, which was affected byEgyptFatimid DynastyThe city regained its importance only after the caliph of.In 1110, Beirut was firstCrusadersOfmilitary forceConquest, with coastal suburbsKingdom of JerusalemThe fief of.
Beirut, as the outpost of the CrusadersGenoaAnd other Italian cities enjoy prosperous trade;However, it is often attacked by Druze tribe in the hinterland of the mountain area, so its strategic position is unstable.saladin In 1187, he reconquered Beirut from the Crusaders, but 10 years later his successor returned it to the Shenluo KingFriedrich II 。Mamluk DynastyThe soldiers finally drove the crusaders away in 1291.Under the rule of Mamluk, Beirut became the main port of call for Venetian spice merchants in Syria.
Ruled period
Beirut and other parts of Syria fell intoOttoman EmpireUnder the Turkish rule, not long ago, the PortugueseAfrican continentAnd the line (1498) makes the easternSpice tradeNot through Syria and Egypt.Beirut's commercial importance then declined.However, in the 17th century, the city became an export port for Lebanese silk to Europe, mainly Italy and France.Beirut was strictly a part of Damascus Province of the Ottoman Empire at that time, and was a part of Sidon after 1660.However, from 1598 to 1633 and 1749 to 1774, it fell into IslamDruzeAnd ChristianityMaronite Emir (feudal) of Man and Shihab in the hinterland of the mountain areasuzerainMonarch and financial agent).From the middle of the 17th century to the end of the 18th century, prominent figures of the Malone Sect from the mountains served as French consuls in Beirut and were quite influential there.During the Russian Turkish War of 1768-1774, Beirut was heavily bombarded by the Russians.Later, it was taken away from the Emir of Shihab by the Turks and soon reduced to a village of about 6000 people.
The development of modern Beirut isEuropean Industrial RevolutionResults.occidentWorld FactoryThe products produced began to invade the Syrian market. At this time, Beirut started almost from scratch, only frommodern industryThe world benefits.The EgyptiansMohammed AliThe occupation of Syria (1832-1840) under the leadership of the Communist Party of China provided the necessary stimulus for Beirut to enter a new period of commercial development.After the end of the Egyptian occupation, the urban development was once sluggish, but by 1848 the city had developed beyond the city wall, and the population had increased to about 15000.The civil war in the mountain area developed into the Druze massacre of Christians in 1860. The arrival of a large number of Christian refugees made Beirut's population even more expanded.At the same time, under the guarantee of the big country, the mountain area was reconciled under the autonomous regime (1861-1914), which stabilized the relationship between the city and the mainland.In 1888, Beirut became the capital of a separate province, which consists of the entire Syrian coastal area, includingPalestineincluded.At the turn of the century, Beirut was a city with a population of about 120000.
At the same time, Christianity in Britain, the United States and GermanyprotestantismMissionaries, mainly French Catholic missionaries, became active in Beirut, especially in education.In 1866, American Protestant missionaries established the Syrian Christian Protestant Institute, which was laterAmerican University of Beirut 。In 1881, French Jesuit missionaries founded the University of St. Joseph.The early introduction of printing presses by Protestant and Catholic missionaries promoted BeirutpublishingThe development ofFrench and EnglishPublication.By 1900 Beirut had become a pioneer in Arab journalism.A group of intellectuals are committed to recoveryArab cultureLegacy finally becomes newArab nationalismThe first group of speakers of.
Modern Beirut
Beirut
After the First World War, Beirut wasEntenteIn 1920, it was designated as the capital of the Greater Lebanon by the French entrusted ruling authority, and the Greater Lebanon became the Republic of Lebanon in 1926.Muslims in Beirut opposed the inclusion of the city in Christian dominated Lebanon and declared their loyalty to a broader range ofPan Arabism。The resulting conflicts continued.Beirut's economy accelerated under the French trusteeship (1920-1943) and after that,the Second World WarSince then, Beirut's urban construction has developed rapidly, becoming a financial, tourism and news center in the Middle EastEntrepot tradeWell known in the world.It has the reputation of Oriental Paris.
buturban populationRapid growth has led to more tension in social relations.This tension was caused by thousands ofPalestine refugeesIt is more and more crowded.Political and social tensions in Beirut and other parts of Lebanon, together with tensions between Christians and Muslims, broke out in 1958 into an open war,
Beirut
1975Lebanese Civil WarAfter the outbreak, Beirut was divided in two, passing through Beirut Port in the northCentral Business DistrictalongDamascusThe road to the southeast suburb forms a road about 6 kilometers long and 200 meters wideNo man's land(referred to as the "Green Line").Most of the residents in the west urban area and southern suburbs of the "Green Line" are Muslim Sunni, Shiite and Druze residential areas.The east of the "Green Line" is the Christian area.The green line is both the east and west areaSpacerIt is also the area where the militias of the two major sects frequently fight, and the residents of the two districts dare not come and go easily.The society of Beirut has been enriched by the huge foreign society, which has long been composed of people from various countriescultural lifeSo that it has a distinctive cosmopolitan reputation, and has now disappeared.West Beirut was mainly destroyed in 1982IsraelThe military andPalestine Liberation Organization(PLO) member's fierce battle, when Israel launched a comprehensive attack on the PLO base operating in the city.Israeli forces have surrounded West Beirut, where most of the PLO guerrilla bases are located.After a series of negotiations, the PLO army and its leaders withdrew from Lebanon to other countriesarab countries。After the withdrawal of the Israeli army, the loyalty of the separatist factions has increased.Syria's military presence and the formation of a coalition government cannot quell the violence.The shelling continued and many people fled.
Beirut
At the beginning of 1984, the Christian led Lebanese army attempted to consolidate its control over West Beirut by force. After its failure, the two sides in the city split completely.In East Beirut, the army coordinatesLebanese Forces The unified Christian militia maintained order until 1990.However, in West Beirut, Muslim militias of all factions have been clashing in the street to resolve the old grievances of sects or parties, and the situation has almost degenerated into chaos.In this case, security no longer exists.Many Lebanese and foreigners who have lived for a long time have been taken hostage by various political groups and have been their prisoners for years.Some of the hostages were even killed by groups determined to emphasize a certain political opinion.In 1986, the leaders of West Beirut appealed to Syrians to forcibly enter the city again to control the situation.
Beirut
In 1989, the Lebanese army in East Beirut heavily shelled West Beirut for several months, apparently to liberate the Muslim part of the capital from Syrian occupation.In the final stage of the civil war, when the Lebanese army clashed with the Lebanese forces, a large part of East Beirut and the suburbs where Christians lived were destroyed or destroyedSevere damage。The problems that led to the alienation of these former allies and even the final confrontation involved the restoration of peace in Lebanon agreed in 1989《Taif Agreement 》Whether it can be accepted by Christians.Unlike Lebanese forces and other Christian Lebanese leaders, the commander of the Lebanese armyMichelle OrneThe general thought that the agreement was simply unacceptable in principle.The conflict between his troops and Lebanese forces was finallyMilitary interventioncheck.General Oen was later forced to go to France.
The new government was established, the eastern and western districts of Beirut were opened to each other, and security in the capital gradually improved.Since 1992, the government has formulated a large-scale reconstruction plan, and the city has gradually recovered.However, due to years of civil war, the city was severely damagedLack of fundsProgress has been slow.
country with an ancient civilization
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Beirut is also famous for its long history and ancient culture. It is one of the cradles of the revival of modern Arab civilization.As early as 2000 BC, Phoenicians had settled here.By the beginning of the 7th century,Arab EmpireOccupied this area.the First World WarLater, the French colonial authorities turned this place into a ruleLebanonAnd the center of Syria.After the independence of the Lebanese Republic in 1943, Beirut became the capital.Today, in Beirut's National Museum, people can see the cultural relics of various periods in history.
Beirut has preserved the ruins of Roman city walls, temples, pools andOttoman EmpireTemporalmosque。In Biblos, more than 30 kilometers north of Beirut, you can still see a Phoenician village and the remains of Roman castles, temples, houses, shops and theaters.Among the numerous historic sites, the most attractive one is the temple called Baalbek, more than 80 kilometers northeast of Beirut, which is one of the world's famous historic sites.Over 2000 BC, the Phoenicians built this temple to worship Baal, the god of the sun. "Beck" means "city", so this place is called Baalbek.laterImperium RomanumDuring the period, more than 20000 slaves were employed to build several new temples on the basis of the original temple.The city walls around the temple are tall and solid, which are made of huge stones.Entering the city wall and walking up the stone steps, you will find a temple to worship the gods.
Due to the vicissitudes of life, the temple has been damaged by many earthquakes and wars, and the temple for worshiping gods has been damaged. The broken stone beams and pillars lie on the ground.However, from these stone beams and columns, we can still clearly see various patterns of fine carving.
Although the current situation of the temple is like this, in any other place, even in theItalyThere is no better preserved place in Rome than hereRoman timesThe temple of.
Religion
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Beirut is the most diversified city along the Mediterranean coast, where Christianity (CatholicismMaronite 、greek orthodox church, Greek CatholicArmeniaApostolic Church, Armenian Catholic Church, SyriaOrthodox, Roman Catholic Church and Christprotestantism）And Islam (Sunni, Shiite) and independentDruze。Most of BeirutJudaismSince the outbreak of the war in 1975, believers have permanently migrated to the United States and now mainly live in Brooklyn and New York.BeirutLebanonThe civil war was divided into several parts, mainly Muslim dominated West Beirut and Christian dominated East Beirut.The current archbishop of Beirut is Sufair.
education
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Most institutions of higher education in Beirut are private,Lebanese University It is the only public higher education institution in Beirut.The Higher Education Council is responsible for coordinating the universities and colleges in the city.
American University of Beirut It is the oldest university in the country. It was founded by the United States in 1862puritanismMissionaries were established.Other universities include American University of Lebanon, American University of Science and Technology, Balaman University, Saint Joseph UniversityArab University of Beirut, Lebanon International University, Haighazian University, Global University, Ecole sup é rieure des affaires, etc.
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Beirut-Rafik Hariri International AirportIt is located in the southern suburb.Beirut is the largest port in the eastern MediterraneanCommercial portOne is also the thoroughfare, andCyprusThere are frequent ferry exchanges between them.
Beirut and Lebanon and some majorSyriaThere are buses between cities, buses in the city, etcPublic transportationBy multipleprivate corporationBut there are also buses operated by the listed company "OCFTC", which also operates railwaystransportation。
Current situation of the city
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Today, Beirut has a urban population of more than 1.5 million, and its urban area is greatly expanded.In the middle of those old houses with white walls and red tiles, modernizationskyscraperThere are many cars on the road, and the street is very busy.becausegeographical positionOkay,Transportation facilitiesSuperiority has enabled Beirut to become the largest and most prosperous commercial, financial center and culture in the Middle East within a short time after Lebanon's independenceTourist Center。
Modern city Beirut
Beirut is known as Paris in the Middle East, partly because of LebanonWorld War IIPreviously in FranceTrusteeshipTherefore, there are many buildingsFrench style On the other hand, it can also be seen that this city has its romance despite the war.
scenic spot
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overview
Beirut is very popularTourist destination, Yes“Middle EastThere are manyInternational HotelAnd a thriving nightlife.The city began to rebuild its tourism industryCity centerConstruction of the main buildings and restoration work began, and a new promenade was built.When the rest of the city is still conservative, they can already wear western clothes, includingshortsandShort skirtHowever, it is still not allowed in religious buildings.
In addition to the city itself, there are also some archaeological sites nearby, including Baalbek andBebruceIt is said that the world is the oldest continuously inhabited city.In a resort like Faraya Mzaar Kfardebian, it can be carried out on the mountainWinter skiing。
Baalbek Temple
Baalbek Temple Located in the north of Beika Plain, 85 kilometers northeast of Beirut, it is a world famous historic site.In 3000 BC, Canaanites who worshipped the sun god built a temple here to worship the sun god "Bal", called "Balbek" ("Balbek" means city, "Balbek" means "the sun city").afterPhoeniciaThe Canaanites were replaced by the Canaanites.ancient GreekAlexander the GreatAfter the occupation of LebanonTrade CentreAt the same time, it also assimilated the city of Balbek, which was inhabited by Phoenicians, so Balbek changed its name to "Heliopoly (the City of the Sun)".In 47 BC, Julius Caesar believed thatstrategic roleIt is important to speed up the construction of Hilliopoli and the temple, and send troops to garrison.After that, the Augustus emperor sent 20000 slaves to expand the Phoenician Temple on a large scale for decades.In AD 60, the Temple of Balbek was basically completed.After more than 300 years of continuous construction, it finally became a grand temple group to worship RomeMain GodJupiterBacchus, the god of wine, and the god of beautyVenus。In 312,Constantine the Great To convert to Christianity, the temple of Hilliopoli was converted into a church, and the temple of Afka was completely demolished.Julian, the successor of Constantine the Great, did not believe in Christianity, so the temple of Afka was rebuilt.Between 375 and 395 AD, under the rule of Theodosia, the temple of Afka was abandoned again.Many existing Christian buildings in this area were built in the time of Theodosia.From the middle of the second century, several Roman emperors led by Antonius were engaged in the expansion and decoration of this temple, making it a Acropolis.In 211-217 A.D., the building was finally completed by Cacekara, making it a fortress.In the seventh century, the Arabs ruled Lebanon, and Balbeck returned to his original name.
Ottoman EmpireDuring the period (1516-1918), Balbek was subordinate toDamascusProvince.The city was destroyed by earthquakes in 1158, 1203, 1664 and 1659. Most of the temples collapsed and most of the residents migrated.FranceMandateDuring the period, Balbek was a bigLebanonPart of.
Today's Balbek Temple is calledRoman Temple Site, but it is actuallyPhoenician civilizationThe product of integration with Roman civilization.It has gone through nearly 2000 years of sabre fire and water, but the scale of the remnants is still amazing.It is said to be the most magnificentAncient RomeThe architectural complex, including Rome, has not been found more complete than its temple site.From 1956 until the civil war, the Balbek International Dance and Music Festival was held here every summer, and Bacas Temple, the god of wine, was usually used as the venue of the music festival.After the Civil War, the Balbek Festival was gradually restored.
The temple is composed of the sacrificial hall, Jupiter Temple, Bacchus Temple, and Venus Temple, the god of beauty, all built with huge stones, and is extremely magnificent.The temple is surrounded by high walls made of huge stones. The courtyard and main hall of the temple are located in the tens of meters highOn the foundationThe boulder is 19-20 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 3.6 meters thick, some of which weigh 2000 tons.
SacrificeThe hall passes through the entrance and faces several huge stone reliefs with Phoenician characteristicshexagonOfforecourt, come to the sacrificial hall.The hall is 104.5 meters long and 103 meters wide.There are two altars in the hall. In ancient times, beautiful girls were sacrificed alive.Due to the open hall, the fourth century ADRoman emperorTheodosius built a rectangular Christian church here, but the back wall has been destroyed.There are 128 large granite columns in the hall, which have broken the beams and broken the columns.
At the west end of the hall of Jupiter Temple, there are stone steps leading to Jupiter Temple.This temple was built in the first century AD, when the Roman Emperor Nero was emperor. It is a Corinthian building with tall stone columns on all sidescolonnadeThere are 10 giant pillars on the front and 19 on the side of the hall, 54 in total.The giant columns are 20 meters high and 2.3 meters in diameter, all composed of three columnsInlayAnd become.There is nothing between the cracksadhesive, and the blade cannot enter.Temple of Jupiter It is almost completely destroyed. Only six giant pillars remain in a row.They are regarded as the pride of Li because of their majesty. People often call these six stone pillars and cedar as the symbol of Li.
Beite Ding Palace
Beite Ding PalaceLocated 45 kilometers south of Beirut, it was built in the late 18th century.It has always been the palace of Chief Bashir Sheihab (exiled abroad in 1840).In 1842, the Shahab dynasty was overthrown, but the palace was still the property of Bashir descendants.In 1861, the state acquired it and became the seat of the government at that time.1914the First World WarAfter that, it became the office of the local government.In 1930, the Lebanese authorities declared it a historic siteProtected areaAnd be repaired.In 1943, the first President of Lebanon, Huli, decided to change the Beige Palace into his own summer palace, and changed Chief Bashir who died in 1850remainsThey were transported back to Beirut from Constantinople and buried in the Palace of Beirut.Since then, the Lebanese authorities have made every effort to repair the palace, so that it has been preserved in good condition.
The palace is divided into three parts: (1) Bahanier Palace.Its courtyard is a collective activity place for dances and performances. Chiefs and their attendants gather here before they go on an expedition or hunt.One side of the courtyard is a long row of guest rooms, and the upper floor is changed into a museum, which containsPrecious cultural relics, such as weapons, clothing, jewelry, etc.（2） Masta Palace.There is a large courtyard, formerly a stable, which can accommodate about 500 horses and their knights. The king's 600 guards can also gather here.There is a beautiful courtyard above the stables, with a fountain in the middle.On the left is the minister's office and reception desk.（3） Harim Palace.This is the chiefqueenandconcubinesLiving area with kitchenMeal preparation roomBeautiful and comfortable bathrooms, boudoirs and halls.The hall is the place where the chieftain handles the government affairs and has a rest.Due to the cold winter in the mountain area, the chief and his relatives spent the winter on the second floor.There are also chiefs in the inner courtyardTo make a wife(died in 1918), where the remains of the chief were also buried.
Beside the palace, there is also a temporary palace for the three sons of the chief.
The shell palace has a beautiful shape and fine carving, which is rich in the characteristics of the Li nationality. It is a treasure of Li architecture.
There are also Li in the palaceSocial Progress PartyThe life exhibition of Kamal Jonblat, the father of President Walid Jonblat.Ka is the founder of the Lebanese Social Progressive Party, and once obtainedOrder of LeninDuring his visit to China, he was received by Premier Zhou.Ka was assassinated in March 1977.
Jeita Grotto
Jeita Grotto Located 20 kilometers north of BeirutLebanon Mountain Bottom, GenusKarst scenery, formed over tens of millions of years, shaped like a Roman church vault, the topClear heightOver 80 meters, there areUnderground riverThe tunnel structure is a natural diversion channelKaleb River(also known asGou River）The main source of water.The advanced lighting equipment in the cave gives a panoramic view of the magnificent scene of the cave topStoneIt is full of natural ingenuity and fun.The cave body is divided into upper and lower holes.It can be viewed on foot. Its geological age is millions of years earlier than that of the lower layerCorridorThere are different geological layers on the,Travertine The shapes are various, and the gorge stone and fracture terrain are particularly spectacular.Sightseeing in the lower cave includes a boating tour in the underground river. There are both clear waterfalls and quiet paths.In summer, the cave is cool and pleasant. In winter, the river water level rises and the lower cave is closed.
In 1836, William Thomson, an American missionary, discovered the cave for the first time. Later, Maxwell, Huxley and others made two expeditions. Now, the stone pillars above the cave entrance still have the names and ages of their adventures at that time, called "Maxwell pillars".200 meters above the stone is called the "Pantheon". Maxwell and others sealed the names of explorers and documents recording the expedition in a bottle and placed them on the top of a stalagmiteLimewaterThe bottle was fixed on the stalagmite after being soaked to form a natural alkali film.From 1892 to 1940, British, American and French explorers explored the cave many times.In 1940, Lebanon was the first“SpeleologyExplorers from the Club have explored the cave many times.
The upper cave and the lower cave were opened in 1969 and 1958 respectively, and closed during the civil war. In 1995, the facilities inside and outside the cave were reopened after comprehensive renovation.
Bacchus Temple
To the left of Jupiter is Bacchus Temple, the god of wine.This is also a Corinthian building, which was built in about AD 100.There are 8 stone columns standing on the front, 15 on each side, 15 meters high and 2 meters in diameter. The columns are carved with exquisite patterns of various vegetables and fruits.The stone columns are inlaid with long corridors. There are huge stone reliefs on the vault, and 28 gods are carved.There is a Bacas statue in the temple, a large wine cellar beside it, and grapes andflagonComposed pattern.Although the top of the temple has collapsed, the four walls and stone pillars still exist.
Venus Temple
In front of the Bacas Temple is the Venus Temple, the goddess of beauty, which was built in 245 AD.The temple is a circular building, 68 meters high and 36 meters wide, surrounded by 50 stone columns, and enshrined in the statue of Venus.It is said that the ancient young men and women came here to get together after drinking in the Temple of Wine God.
Babek City
Babek, 85 kilometers east of Beirut, is located in the north of the Bekaa Valley. It is an ancient city with an elevation of 1150 meters.Surrounded by vast orange orchards and townssite of an ancient city, since ancient timesSacred PlaceAt that time, it was called Sun City. The temple left in it has been foundImperium RomanumThe largest of the ruins.Ba is their main god, and Baker means village, so Babek refers to the prosperous city in front of the temple.
The Great Court in the ruins of the ancient city is 150 meters wide and 120 meters long;Cupid Temple is 50 meters wide and 89 meters long;Even the smaller Bacchus Temple is 36 meters wide, larger than the Padnen Temple in Athens.Just because it was built in the peaceful and prosperous times of "peaceful Rome", there is such a huge temple. The temple is carved luxuriously and exquisite, and the excessive decoration is indistinctly visible whenRoman cultureOfMaturity。The war life in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, has always been inseparable from the smoke of war.We can interpret the war from the ruins everywhere in the city to the beautifulmediterranean seaThe scars left by the city.However, people living in this city are not so depressed.Although shrouded in the clouds of war, Beirut, known as "Paris in the Middle East", is still sunny.Due to historical reasons, Lebanon has become a multi-ethnic country, with immigrants from many European countries and their descendants.The pure Islamic nation has gradually been assimilated, and the original customs have become very "European".In the streets of Beirut, you can see Europe dressed everywhereFashion clothingA woman.They can hardly find the confinement of the strict Islamic disciplines on women. Their beautiful figures freely shuttle in the sunny streets of Beirut. We can hear their carefree laughter from the speeding cars.When dealing with foreigners, they often take the initiative to smile to bring you the romance and charm of "Paris in the Middle East".
Colorful clothes hanging on the balcony, men and women chatting casually in the sun, and the corners of the wall are constantly beatingYawnAll kinds of kittens tell us that it seems that this place will never be destroyed by war.At the charming seaside, when the sun sets, many tourists are leisurely fishing in the clear sound of the waves.After the night came, on the streets of Beirut, new or old famous brand cars were carrying all kinds of people under the dazzling neon lights.
The only sign of war is in many corners of Beirut. Lebanese soldiers with guns and bullets are on duty 24 hours a day.Next to them is often an armored vehicle or tank.But when foreigners look at them, they often get a kind smile.We once saw several Lebanese soldiers sitting beside their armored vehicles drinking tea at the seaside. When they learned that we were journalists from China, they raised their hands and loudly wished our team victory.It seems that Beirut, where war may come at any time, has been used to living in war.
Mount Libanen
As high as more than 3000 meters, the top of the mountain is covered with snow, while the foot of the mountain is covered with fruit trees, greenmediterranean seaIt is really colorful and fascinating.The car can move along the broadskyline driveFrom the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are many new villas, hotels and restaurants built on the hillside, which are set off in the green forest.From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, you can watch a very interesting phenomenon: people are skiing happily on the mountainbathing beachColored umbrellas are clustered and crowded. Men and women tourists either play and chase on the sea or lie naked on the beachsun bath。A travel book published in Lebanon once wittily wrote, "Come to Beirut! You can both ski in the mountains and swim in the sea in one day." Such a strange scene appeared in the same area because of the great temperature difference between the mountains and the mountains.
Lebanese Pound1 US dollar=1500 Li pounds.All stores in Lebanon charge US dollars, and the exchange rate of all stores is uniform, so there is no need to buy Lebanese pounds.However, tourists should make clear the change in US dollars before paying for consumption, in case the shop is short of US dollars
Sightseeing attention
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1. Allow non Islamists to enter the local areamosqueHowever, visitors entering the mosque need to take off their shoes, and women need to wear headscarves to cover their hairDamascusOfWumaiye Mosque）There are clothes with hats for rent, which is very convenient, and there is no need to prepare specially.
3. The local hotel has slippers, bathing and hair washing appliances, and headgear.However, there is no dental equipment (toothpaste+toothbrush) available. Tourists should bring their own.
4. If you want to buy local silver jewelry, please identify it carefully. It is better to have a look at Arab antiques.
5、ArabicaIt's bitter, but it smells delicious.Arabian hookahThe taste is very light (according to non-smoking tourists, they can't taste the smoke, only a light smell of fruits and flowers), you may as well try it.
6. Ondead seaDuring floating, do not immerse your head in the sea water, because its high salt content will stimulate your eyes and nostrils, so you can only float on your back.
7. Please bring your own umbrella for winter travel.
8. During the local tour, the dailyTipIt is necessary and an important part of their income. If their service is good, please confirm their service,
10. Accommodation: It is recommended to stay in a star rated hotel in Beirut. Mediterranee Hotel, Le Bristol Hotel, etc. are popular, and the price is equivalent every nightRMBMore than 1200 yuan.
11. Food: LebanonCity of Gastronomy, many restaurants on the street provide authentic local food, such as lemon creamPrawnsLebanese characteristics.
Fashion life
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After more than ten years of civil war and the summer of 2006Lebanon Israel conflictIt will take some time for Beirut to become the "Paris of the Middle East" again, but it seems that the local people have not changed their pursuit of quality of life.Fashion has been flowing in the blood of Beirut people.The men and women in the streets, shopping malls and churches are well-dressed, and many of them are not inferior to Paris, the fashion capitalMilanTrend.In Lebanon, where the Christian population accounts for almost half of the population, the society is relatively open.In early summer, wearCamisoleorlow-cutGirls in skirts can be seen everywhere, and occasionally Muslim women with slightly conservative clothes can be seen, but few of them are plain faced.Beirutlike to look attractiveIt is reflected in many aspects.Supermarkets, shopping mallscoffee shopAnd the restaurant are decorated carefullycoverallClean and elegant.It may not be resplendent, but it shows ingenuity in small places.
Garden party
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At the annual garden party held by the Beirut government, citizens dressed up beautifully and brought their families to participate. The volunteers' clothes were also specially designed.Enterprises engaged in gardening, furniture, food and beauty products occupy many stalls.At night, fashionable young people will go to Mono Street, where downtown bars gather, to have a drink and pass the time with music.The fragrance of clothes and the shadow of temples remind me of the famous song by the Lebanese singerAlisaThe Night of Lebanon with British singer Chris Berg: European tourists fell in love with Lebanese women, and the story of women sobbed: "Did you have sweet dreams last nightLullabyWith the gunfire in the night?My life is a place where peace cannot reach.The children in the war have nothing. "At night, a quiet light rain fell in Beirut, and the coast was quiet. I wish the gunfire would not disturb me.
On August 4, 2020, a huge explosion set off a "deadly wave" in the center of Beirut, the capital of Lebanon:LebanonMinistry of HealthThe latest figures released on the 11th show thatdeath tollUp to 171 people, more than 6000 people were injured, and another 30 or 40 people are still missing.The explosion also left about 300000 people homeless.
On August 5, President Xi Jinping made a major incident in Beirut, LebanonExplosiontowardsPresident of LebanonOenSend a message of condolences.Xi Jinping pointed out in the message of condolence that he was shocked to learn that a major explosion occurred in Beirut, the capital of your country, resulting in a large number of casualties.On behalf of the Chinese government and people, and in my own name, I would like to express deep condolences to the victims, express sincere condolences to the injured and their families, and wish the injured an early recovery.
