Friedrich William Bessel

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German astronomer and mathematician

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synonym Bessel (German astronomer, mathematician) generally refers to Friedrich William Bessel

Bessel (Friedrich Wilhelm, 1784-1846) Germany astronomer , mathematician, Astrometry One of the founders of.

Chinese name: Bessel
Foreign name: Bessel，Friedrich Wilhelm
Nationality: Germany

date of birth: July 22, 1784
Date of death: March 17, 1846
Occupation: Astronomer

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Friedrich William Bessel

He was born in Minden on July 22, 1784 and died in Konesburg on March 17, 1846. Dropped out of school at the age of 15 Bremen As an apprentice in an export company, he learned astronomy, geography and mathematics while learning navigation. At the age of 20, he published a paper on comet orbit measurement. In 1806, he became the assistant of astronomer Steller. In 1810, Feng King Of Prussia Let the newly built Konesburg Observatory Director, until his death. Elected in 1812 Berlin Academy academician.

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Bessel has made many contributions to astronomy Astrometry On the other hand, he revised the Baladre Catalogue and added precession and nutation as well as Aberration And put the location back to 1760 Vernal equinox 。 The revised catalogue was published in 1818, which also lists the more accurate precession constant Nutation constant and Aberration constant Equal value. During this period, he also compiled a fairly accurate Atmospheric refraction Table, establishing the calculation method of atmospheric refraction Logarithmic formula To correct its influence on astronomical observation, which was widely cited in the 19th century.^[1]

During 1821-1833, Bessel measured the basic catalog of more than 75000 stars brighter than the ninth order between declination - 5 and+45 degrees. Later, his assistants and successors Agrande It has been expanded into the famous Bonn Survey Star Catalogue.

Developed experimental astronomy marked by Basics of Astronomy (1818), compiled by Bessel Basic catalogue , determination Stellar parallax , predict the existence of companion stars, derive the Bessel formula for astronomical calculation,

In 1837, Bessel measured the parallax of Cygnus and found that 61 Cygni He was changing position very slowly. The next year, he announced that the parallax of this star was 0.31 arc seconds, which was the first measurement in the world Annual parallax of star one of. (Note: The annual parallax of stars refers to the difference in visual relative position when people observe stars at different distances)

In 1844, Bessel Sirius and Nanhe III The wave like fluctuations of their own predicted the existence of dark companion stars, which were later confirmed by observation in 1862 and 1896 respectively.

He proposed in his mathematical research Bessel function A series of properties of the function and its evaluation method are discussed, which provides an important tool for solving problems related to physics and astronomy. Besides, he was Geodesy He also made some contributions and proposed Bessel Earth ellipsoid Etc.

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