Sheffield is located inbritainThe center ofEnglandSouth Yorkshire, YesLondonIt is one of the eight largest cities in Britain.The English Chinese call it "Snow Port", which is named after the Sheaf River that runs through the city.The urban population of Sheffield is 563749 (mid 2014 est.), and the population of the metropolitan area is 1569000.
Sheffield is located in the heart of the whole UK, andLeeds、ManchesterAnd other central citiesUrban agglomeration170 miles from London, about three and a half hours by car. It is also very convenient to travel to other parts of the UK.From the 19th century, Sheffield began tosteel industryWell known for many industrial innovations, including crucible steel andstainless steel, were born in this city.industrial revolutionDuring this period, the population of the city increased dozens of times.The city gained its place in 1893autonomy, officially named Sheffield City.In the 1970s and 1980s, international competition and Britaincoal industryThe collapse of, led to the decline of local industry, population also declined.
Sheffield has transformed from a former industrial base city into a comprehensive economic base city, repositioning itself as a city of sports and technology.When the 1991 World Student Games was held here, it promoted the progress of sports atmosphere and sports facilities in the whole city. In 1997, the British government announced that it would spend 60 million pounds to establish the British Sports Association here.Sheffield gave birth to the world's firstProfessional Football Club，Sheffield Football Club（Sheffield FC）；Sheffield is also a gentleman's sportEmbassy World Championships The venue of.Sheffield is also a famous university city in Europe and an internationally famous excellent teaching and research centerSheffield Universityas well asSheffield Hallam UniversityIt's right here.
Sheffield originated from aAnglo-SaxonIt was built in a clearing in a forest.Sheffield City area shall beice ageAt the end of the 20th century, there were people living there, but Sheffield was foundedAngles The Saxons arrived here after 500 AD.During the Anglo Saxon period, Sheffield happened to span Mercia andNorthumbriaThe boundary between two kingdoms.The Anglo Saxon Chronicles said that in 829, King Enid of Northumbria succumbed to Edbert of Wessex in the village Dore (a suburb of Sheffield). This event made Edbert the first person to become a wholeEnglandThe Saxons of the king.Norman ConquestLater, Sheffield Castle was built to control the settlement. Later, the town developed into the core of modern cities.
City Profile
In 1296, a market was opened in the "Castle Square", and Sheffield developed into a small market town.In the 14th century, Sheffield was famous for knife production. It was mentioned in Chaucer's Canterbury stories that in 1600, it had become the main center of tableware production in EnglandguildSupervision.From 1570 to 1584,Scotlandqueenmary i As a prisoner, he was imprisoned in Sheffield Castle and "Sheffield Manor".
Canterbury TalesChina went to Canterbury as a memberpilgrimOfChaucerThe portrait was invented in the 1740scrucibleSteel technology can produce steel with better quality than before.At the same time, a thin layer of molten silver is plated on thecopper ingotThe technology of producing silver plated tableware is widely known as "Sheffield tableware".These innovations make Sheffield as aIndustrial cityDevelopment.However, during the war against France in the late 18th and early 19th centuriesContinental EuropeSome important export markets once led to the depression of the city's economy.The worst situation was in 1832cholera402 people died.industrial revolutionSheffield was revived in the 19th century.Due to population growth, the city was incorporated as a borough in 1842, and was awarded the city charter in 1893.The inflow of people led to the demand for clean water, so many reservoirs were built in the suburbs of the city.The dam of one of the reservoirs collapsed in 1864, causing "Sheffieldbig flood”270 people died and a large part of the city was destroyed.The massive increase in population also led to the formation of large areas of denseSlums, together with the pollutants in the eyes emitted from the factory.George Orville wrote in 1937: "I think Sheffield is calledold worldThe ugliest city is just.
The recession of the 1930s, untilthe Second World WarDue tointernational situationThe tension was suspended.At this time, Sheffield's steel plant began to provide weapons and ammunition for the war.But it also means that once the war breaks out, the city will become the target of bombing.The most serious bombing took place on the night of December 12 and December 15, 1940 (now called SheffieldBlitzkrieg）。More than 660 people were killed and countless buildings were destroyed.
In the post-war 1950s and 1960s, many slums were demolished and replaced by housing plans such as "Park Hill Apartments".A large area of the city center was cleared out for the newRoad systemOpen circuit.Increased automation and competition from overseas led to the closure of many steel plants.The 1980s was the lowest point of Sheffield's industrial decline (also the lowest point in many other areas of the UK), with the 1984/5 British miners' strike (1984-1985) as the bottom.In 1990, building Meadowhall Shopping Center on the site of a former steel factory was a mixed story, creating a large number of jobs, but also accelerating the decline of the city center.When the city hosted in 1991World University GamesWhen, startedUrban renaissancePlan to build a number of new sports ground buildings, such as Sheffieldarena,, The city is changing rapidly, and the declining part of the city has been rebuilt.One of the projects, the heart of urban planning, has completed many public works in the city centerConstruction project: Sheffield was repaired in 1998city hall。The "Millennium Gallery" was opened in April 2001, the "Sheffield Winter Garden" was opened on May 22, 2003, and the Millennium Plaza, the public space connecting the two places, was opened in May 2006.The Sheaf Plaza opened in December 2006, and it opened on December 22, with street entertainment and a fireworks show.Many other ambitious plans are gathered under the general theme of "Sheffield One" to rebuild the whole city center into an unevenMain StreetThe shopping area was completed at the end of 2006.
Urban characteristics
Announce
edit
University Town
Sheffield is a university town,Famous universitiesThere are world-classUniversity of SheffieldandSheffield Hallam University。In the 1999 student vote, Sheffield was elected as the university town with the most harmonious relationship between local residents and students.This is a really good place to study. There are two universities and one of the largest in EuropeCollege of Continuing EducationThe headquarters of Hetong University of Technology is located here, almost half of the whole city is hidden in Peak Peak National Park, and the picturesque scenery of mountains, rivers, valleys... is just outside the house.There are also Robin Hood's Sherwood Forest full of stories, and the former residence of Brandy sisters - the worldclassic novelJane Eyre was written here《Pride and Prejudice》The location of the shooting《duchess》The legend of is here in Chasworth House -- Darcy Manor.
In the past 100 years, Sheffield has becomesteel industrySo that the British people renamed it "steel city"《Canterbury Tales》Chinese poetChaucerA loyal reader ofDinner knife。In fact, before the 16th century, Sheffield's reputation was unknown except for producing high-quality tableware.In 1742, Thomas Boulsover, a knife dealer, found a method to fuse copper and silver, making the produced utensils look like silver, but the actual cost is much lower.He plated silver on bronze ware, which is the famous "Sheffield gold and silver ware", includingsnuff bottle、Buckle, tableware, etc.This invention greatly stimulated the development of Sheffield's urban industry.In modern times, collectors prefer these artworks with slight blue light.eighteenth centurycoal industrySameXie ChengThe main economic pillar.In addition, Xie Cheng has some notable inventions: Benjamin Huntsman invented in 1740crucibleSteel – it is stronger and cheaper;In 1913, Harry Brearley inventedstainless steel。
Sports City
Sheffield is also the first "sports capital" in Britain and the birthplace of the oldest football club in the world, with a long history of sports.It is the worldsnookerBilliards Championships and the UKSquashThe designated host city of the Open has also undertakenWorld University Games。This city is famous for its numerous indoor and outdoor sports facilities."The Prince of Billiards"Ding JunhuiHe has been trained in Sheffield and has lived here ever since.
At the same time, the city also hasSheffield Football Club(Sheffield F.C.) is also one of the first football clubs established in the world, so it is the oldest existing football club.Officially, the club was founded in 1857, butIn the shopIt is also said that it was in 1855, and there is some controversy at present.There is no fixed home court at the beginning of the club, and the games will be held inEnglandnorthSouth YorkshireSheffield is held at different stadiums.
In 1987, Sheffield was successful in 1991World University GamesSheffield began to build high-grade venues on the ruins of the factory, and new industries began to revive the city.After the game, Sheffield leftHigh levelThe comprehensive sports and leisure facilities ofIndustrial formUpgrading and transformation.
Sheffield has gathered a large number of event resources, except for the annualSnooker World ChampionshipsOutside,IAAFThe world's top events, such as the Grand Prix, the World Black Ball Championship and the World Rugby League, have all entered Sheffield.
creative industry
Sheffield is still world famouscreative industrycity.Its famous culture of rapid riseIndustrial area(Cultural Industries Quarter, CIQ) By the 1990s, about 300 organizations andsmall business, engaged in music, film, television, radio program production, new media, design, photographyPerforming ArtsandTraditional craftCreative activities.Including 31 buildings of culture andCreative architecture, such as the Millennium Museum, University Science District, LibraryBBCRadio, Site Gallery, Artist Village, Oil PaintingExhibition Center, art studios, investment institutionsIntermediary agent, cinemas andEntertainment Center, coffee shops, etc. They are combined to form a "detonating effect" of mutual polymerization, penetration and activation.
Every holiday, there are always a large number of young people from all over the UK coming to Sheffield to feel the localRich and colorfulOfnight life, of which bar andelectronic musicMainly.Sheffield can be called the capital of modern music in Britain. In various bars centered on West Street, people can enjoyDJ(e.gMark Green, Dazzle) Jack 'n'bass, electro house, R&B, etcMusic type。The more famous ones are Red Stone Bar, Steel House, etc.
geographical environment
Announce
edit
Satellite map
Sheffield is located at 53 degrees 23 minutes north latitude and 1 degrees 28 minutes west longitude.It is closely adjacent to Rotherham, only M1expresswayPartition.Although BarnsleyMetropolitan CountyIt borders Sheffield in the north, but Barnsley itself is far awaySheffieldIt's miles away.The southern and western boundaries of the city areDerbyshireBorder;In the first half of the 20th century, Sheffield extended southward to the border of Derbyshire and annexed many villages.The west side of the city is directly adjacent to the Peak District National Park andPenning Mountains。
Sheffield is a geographically diverse city.The city is surrounded by natural hills“Amphitheater”There are still five rivers hereConfluence: Don River, Sheaf River, Rivelin River, Loxley River and Porter Creek.Similarly, most parts of the city are built on hillsides, with the city center visible from the inside and the countryside visible from the outside.The lowest point in the cityAltitudeOnly 10 meters, while some parts of the city are more than 500 meters (1640 feet) above sea level.However, 89% of the residential buildings in the city are located between 100 meters and 200 meters (330 to 660 feet) above sea level.
An assessment says that Sheffield has more than 2 million trees in total, and Sheffield has more trees per capita than any other European city.There are more than 170 woodlands (28.27 km ²/10.9 mi ²), 78 parks (18.30 km ²/7.1 mi ²) and 10 public gardens.Add the area to 134.66Square kilometers（52Square mile）The national parks of the city and 10.87 square kilometers (4.2 square miles) of water mean that 61% of the city is green.
Sheffield also has extremely diverseecological environmentCompared with any other city in Britain, it is no inferior: urban area, woodland, farmland, wetland, grassland and fresh water.A large area of the city, including some urban areas, is classified as sites of special scientific interest.
The existing boundary of the city was determined in 1974, when the original SheffieldAutonomous cityFrom Wortley Rural District, it was merged into the downtown area of Stockbridge and two parishes.This area includes rural areas surrounding the main urban area.About one-third of Sheffield belongs to the Peak District National Park (no other British citycity boundaryThe area within is classified as a national park)DebaoWith more than 150 woodlands and 50 parks, Sheffield officially won the 2005 Plant Agreement Competition, becoming the greenest city in Europe.
traffic
Announce
edit
highway
Sheffield connects withNational highway networkconnect.M1 expressway surrounds the northeast of the city, making Sheffield andLondonAnd the northLeedsConnect;The branch of M1 expressway M18 expressway is close to Sheffield, connecting the city with Doncaster and Robin Hood Doncaster Sheffieldinternational airportAnd Humber Port.Sheffield Drive only Road connects the city center and the expressway.Highway A57 and A61 are the main roads passing Sheffield, connecting Sheffield withManchester, Walkethorpe, Barnsley and ChesterfieldShuttle Bus
Shuttle Bus
From Sheffield south toeast midlands andLondonThe main line ofNottingham 、DerbyShuttle buses from Leicester, Bedford to SheffieldLondonThe fastest train takes two hours.takeScotlandEast andEnglandNortheast, West and SouthYorkCounty, West Midland and SouthwestDirect contactThe rising northeast southwest trunk line across the whole UK also passes through Sheffield and runs straight throughAberdeen、Edinburgh、NewcastleDarlingtonYork、Leeds, BirminghamBristol, Taunton andExeterOur shuttle bus.Sheffield is also located in the connectionLiverpoolandManchesterWith Hull andEast EnglandOn the line ofLiverpool、Manchester, Hull, Lincoln, Yili andNorwichOur shuttle bus.Sheffield has convenient transportation with neighboring towns Barnsley, Doncaster and Rotherham.All these buses pass through Sheffield Midland Railway Station, the main railway station at the southeast edge of the city center.Meadowhall Railway Station sends all the trains to the northeast (except the fastest one).Sheffield's passenger train service consists of Mainline, VirginRailway Company(Virgin Train), TransPennine Express and GNER.
automobile
Sheffield isCoachAs an important hub, it has direct buses to all parts of Britain.
aviation
Sheffield itself has no airport. The nearest airport to Sheffield is Doncaster Sheffield, 18 miles from the city center.The airport was opened on April 28, 2005.In 2016, the airportPassenger capacityUp to 1300000.
The nearest large international airport is an hour's drive from SheffieldManchester Airport There are also direct trains.
Railway
The mountainous terrain of Sheffield and the past nature of the city are mainlyindustrial center It is not a commercial center, which means that the city has not developed a vast suburban railway andIntercity railwayNetwork.However, there are also several busy local railway lines, along the valley of the city, from the whole southYorkCounty andWest Yorkshire、Nottinghamshire、LincolnshireAnd parts of Derbyshire that carry workers.These local lines include Penistone Line, Dearne Valley Line, Hope Valley Line and Hallam Line.In addition to Sheffield Midland Station and Meadowhall, there are four suburban railway stations located in Chapeltown, Darnall, Woodhouse and Dore
Although Sheffield is a mountain city, it is very compact, with only a few trunk roads passing through it.
Economics
Announce
edit
After years of stagnation, Sheffield has shown signs of economic revival.2004Barclays BankFinancial planAccording to the compilation, in 2003, the Sheffield Division of Harlem Congressional constituency wasLondonOutside the region with the highest overall wealth ranking, the proportion of people with annual income of more than 60000 pounds is almost 12%.A survey by Sir Frank showed that Sheffield was the UK city with the fastest growth in office and residential rents outside London in the second half of 2004.In 2005, the investment in the city was 250 million pounds.
cultural education
Announce
edit
Sheffield has two universities:University of SheffieldandSheffield Hallam UniversityThese two universities bring 55000 students to the city every year, many of whom come from the Far East.Due to the large population of middle school students, Sheffield has many bars, cafes, clubs and shops, as well as many residences for students.
There are two in Sheffield“College of Continuing Education”。Sheffield college It was initially formed by the merger of six colleges near the city, and later became three: Castle (located in the center of the city), Searsborough and Norton, which are semi autonomous institutions subordinate to Sheffield College.
Travel?
Announce
edit
The architecture keeps pace with the award-winning museums and galleriesDramatic musicPerformances and abundance in the citySports activitiesgo halves on a fifty-fifty basis.
Active tourists can choose to participate in sports. The sports facilities here are complete and diverse, such as Europe's largest four season ski resort, Olympic standard swimming pool, several golf courses, and the new Sheffieldskating rink（iceSheffield）。
One third of the city of Sheffield is in the Peak Area National Park, which makes it unique and makes it the first stop to visit the national park.
Sheffield is EnglandYorkshire -The city of South Yorkshire in the Humber area isLondonOne of the eight largest cities in England.This is a pluralistic buildingCultural city, can findAsia, ChinaItaly、Spainetc.Countries in the worldRestaurants and cafes with different flavors.
Sheffield has about 1000 list buildings, 5 first class buildings and 42Secondary building, the rest areGrade III buildingIt is very unique and worth tasting.The city has many places of interest, such as Sheffield Winter Garden, Peace Garden and Sheffield Botanical Garden.There is also a Hilly City Farm and a second animal collection open to the public in Graves Park.The city has severalmuseum, including Weston Park Museum, Colham Island Museum, Sheffield Fire andPolice MuseumAbidal Industrial Village and Shepherd Wheels.Victoria Wharf is a popular canal side leisure and office area, with a continuous stream of tourists every day.Sheffield has two major theaters: the Orchid Theatre and the Crucible Theatre, together with smaller studio theaters, forming the largest theatre consortium outside London.There are four major art galleries, includingmodernMillennium Gallery and Heritage Gallery, specializing in multimedia applications.The Sheffield Celebrity Gallery in the center of the city, similar to Hollywood, honors the famous people in Sheffield.
On holidays, there are always a large number of young people from all over the UK coming to Sheffield to experience the local colorful nightlife, mainly bars and electronic music.Sheffield can be called Britainmodern music In the city, people can enjoy the international famousDJA variety of modern music performed.
Recommended tourist attractions
Sheffield has two major theaters: the Orchid Theatre and the Crucible Theatre, together with smaller studio theaters, forming the largest theatre consortium outside London.There are four major art galleries, including the Millennium Gallery and Heritage Gallery of the modernist school, specializing in multimedia applications.The Sheffield Celebrity Gallery in the center of the city, similar to Hollywood, honors the famous figures in Sheffield.
City Church
The city also has many places of interest, such as Sheffield Winter Garden and Peace Garden, and recently spent 6.7 million pounds to rebuild the Sheffield Botanical Garden.There is also a Hilly City Farm and a second animal collection open to the public in Graves Park.The city has several museums, including Weston Park Museum, Colham Island Museum, Sheffield Fire and Police Museum, Abidal Industrial Village and Shepherd Wheels.Victoria Wharf is a popular canal side leisure and office area.
Sheffield Botanical GardenGlass greenhouseSheffield has about 1000 listed buildings (including the whole Sheffieldpostal district）。There are only 5 Grade I buildings, 42 Grade II buildings and the rest are Grade III.Sheffield has fewer first class buildings than other British citiesfor exampleLiverpoolIt has 26 first-class list buildings.In 1959, Nicholas Pevsner, a famous architectural historian, commented that the city was "painfully disappointed in architecture" and had no distinctive architecture before the 19th century.
The Sheffield Botanical Garden is located in the west of Sheffield, covering 19 acres. It was first opened in 1836 and reopened in 2003 after renovation.The Botanical Garden is famous for being listed as the second class glass hall in the UK, and is one of the most popular and important botanical gardens in Sheffield.
Sheffield Botanical Garden is the only newly renovated park in Sheffield, which gives people a feeling of elegance and ease. It has become a green gem in Sheffield City, providing the citizens with the freshest oxygen and the most beautiful colors at all times.More than 5000 kinds of plants from all corners of the world are planted in the park, which is divided into 15 different theme gardens. Each garden is famous for its unique flowers, which are pleasing to the eyes.Tourists can enjoy the rare ribbon flowersWild fanflower、Weigela coraeensisAnd so on.
The elegant and fragrant Sheffield Botanical Garden has become a place to shoot wedding films and hold weddings. Sweet couples hope to leave their best and sweetest memories here.
Sheffield Winter Garden, opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003, has been the largest garden in Britain for hundreds of yearsthe temperate zoneGreenhouse, one of the largest urban greenhouses in Europe, has created an amazing green world for Sheffield.
Sheffield Winter Garden is 70 meters long and 21 meters high, which is the largest timber in BritainPlywoodAs one of the greenhouses, there are more than 150 kinds of plants and more than 2000 plants from all over the world.Inside the greenhouseFlowerbed plantIt is replaced five times a year. Different plants are replaced in different seasons. All plants are irrigated with watering pots and hoses to attract more tourists.A temperature regulating system is installed in the park to make winter warm and summer cool, so that flowers can bloom beautiful flowers all the year round.
When the cold and windy winter comes, the outdoor is deserted. Entering Sheffield Winter Garden is like entering a green world, where the temperature is warm and the flowers are beautifulCompete to open。
There are many parks in the city: Mill Park, Endcliffe Park and Graves Park.
A large part of the city is classified as sites of special scientific interest (the British government believes that the area is located in thegeologyandTopographyFeatures, especially interest) include some urban areas.
The Sheffield Botanical Garden is located in the west of Sheffield, covering 19 acres. It was first opened in 1836 and reopened in 2003 after renovation.
