The imperial edict is the display and symbol of imperial power in ancient China. The texture of the shaft handle is strictly different according to the grade of officials: one is a jade shaft,Second gradeIt is a black rhinoceros horn shaft, the third grade is a gold plated shaft, and the fourth and fifth grade are black rhinoceros horn shafts.The imperial edict is made of exquisite materials, all of which are silk brocades made of superior silk, and most of the designs are auspicious clouds and auspicious cranes, which are magnificent.
At both ends of the imperial edict, there are flying silver dragonsAnti counterfeiting mark。As a document order issued by emperors in past dynasties and a decree or edict granted to a meritorious official or a title, the more colorful the imperial edict is, the more officials who accept itofficial rankThe higher.
[Imperial edit] refers to the order or speech issued by the emperor in feudal society, which is often used as a metaphor today.[1]
example sentence
1. The emperor's will and order.
HanCai YongThe Seven Directions of Chen's Political Affairs: "Although Zhou Cheng met with the wind and heard from all deacons,King XuanIn case of drought, don't be afraid of it
HanXun YueThe Han Dynasty, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty: "To prolong life, Tang inherited the imperial edict, relied on the gods, led the army of hundreds of barbarians, took the soldiers of the city, and entered the Jedi Territory with a plan of ten thousand deaths."
"Records of the Three Kingdoms · Wei Zhi · Biography of Zhang Liao": "It was written in the world with the authority of the Duke of Ming. Liao followed the imperial edict, and Siege would not dare to harm him."
Tang DynastyDu Fu《Jiangling hopes for luck》Poem: "The First Soldier is divided into holy edicts, and lives and guards Fu Zongchen."
Song DynastyWang DangTang Yulin Tasting Algae:‘Li LinfuThere is not much material. 'Shiyan said, 'Just like the imperial edict, there is no husband or wife.' "
"An Alerting to the World, Yu Zhongju Encounters the Emperor with a Poem": "The mission mouth proclaims the imperial edict: 'Teach Yu Liang to the Palace of DeshouSee driving。’”
[Qing Dynasty] Wu Jingzi's The Third Ninth Chapter of the Scholars: Ping Shaobao got the imperial edict, flew out of Beijing and settled in Songfan.[5]
The fourth and sixth chapters of Flower and Moon Traces: "The sword's eloquence in autumn was originally good, and the answer was fluent. When it was played right on the day, it was very eloquent, and it was called the imperial edict, so I put Yue'e into restraint."
Lao SheThe second act of Treasure Boat: "The emperor has a decree, everyone listen carefully!"
2. It is used today to describe opinions or words that cannot be violated, which is ironic.
greatChapter 7 of Sunny Days: "He read every word of Ma Zhiyue as a imperial edict."
Wei Wei《east》Chapter 5 of Part I: "I want to catch two small fish. Let's drink two cups! Just getting off the Internet, when I heard the imperial edict, I was taken away."
3. The intention of a sage, sometimes used exclusively forConfucius。
HanCai Yong"Mr. Xuanwen's inscription on Li Zicai": "Don't be too eager to learn. You should focus on the classics. You should not only integrate the seven classics, but also be proficient in the group of latitudes. You should be extremely abstruse and have a poor look at the imperial edicts."
【Northern Wei Dynasty】Li DaoyuanShuijingzhu Huaishui: "Gaiqiu Ming personally inherited the imperial edict and recorded it as evidence."
[Southern Liang Dynasty] Liu Xie《Literary Mind and Carving Dragon · Historical Biography》: "If you respect the sages and conceal them, you can fix the imperial edict of your father, cover the flaws and not tarnish Jinyu."
"Jinshi Continuation · Records of Statue Niches of Song Xianbo in the Northern Qi Dynasty": "The imperial edict is sought in the morning."
[Tang Dynasty] Xuanzang's "A Tale of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty: Under the State of Mojituo": "Mahayana is a righteous person. It is better to change the practice and follow the imperial edict."
[Tang Dynasty] Gao Yong's "Longhua Temple Stupa Pagoda Inscription": "In front of Maitreya, I personally accept the imperial edict."[1][4]
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The imperial edict is the display and symbol of imperial power in ancient China. The texture of its shaft handle is strictly different according to the grade of officials: the first grade is jade shaft, the second grade is black rhinoceros horn shaft, the third grade is gold plated shaft, and the fourth and fifth grade are black rhinoceros horn shaft.
The imperial edict is made of exquisite materials, all of which are silk brocades made of superior silk, and most of the designs are auspicious clouds and auspicious cranes, which are magnificent.At both ends of the imperial edict, there are flying silver dragons as anti-counterfeiting marks.As a document order issued by emperors in past dynasties and a decree or edict granted to meritorious officials or a title, the richer the color of the imperial edict, the higher the official title received.
Content regulations
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"He who is appointed by heaven is also given by the will of heaven, so he who is called the Son of Heaven also regards heaven as his father, and treats heaven as filial piety".This is the source of "Fengtian".As for "carrying", it also involvesZou YanOf“Five Virtues Always Say”。Zou Fuzi believes thatGrams are equal The five elements are also matchedSelwood Each dynasty represents one of them, such asYellow EmperorShang Tude, Xia Shangmude, Yin Shangjinde, Zhou ShangFire virtue。The Five Virtues went round and round, and the rise and fall of the dynasty continued."Fengtian became the emperor and the imperial edict" was translated intoModern ChineseIt is "the imperial edict issued by the emperor who was ordered by heaven to inherit the way of world luck".expression marking the end of an imperial orderIt is a royal noun, which means to end here.In fact, the real imperial edict was not carried out by heaven,An imperial edictThese cliches of the Qin Dynasty are mainly from ancient timesDramatic textThat's the way it's sung in Chinese, and it's also played on TV. That's what people think.Generally, there are two kinds of imperial edicts in ancient times: the imperial edict begins with the words "Zhao Yue", which was written by the emperor orally;The beginning is the system of saying, which was written by the emperor himself.
Grade
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The imperial edicts are all in the form of scrolls, and the texture of shaft handles is strictly different according to the grade of officials: the first grade is jade shaft, the second grade is black rhinoceros horn shaft, the third grade is gold plated shaft, and the fourth and fifth grade are black rhinoceros horn shaft.According to reports, the width of the imperial edict is generally about 33cm, and there is no hard and fast rule on its length, which can reach 5m long and 2m short.
The materials of the imperial edict look very exquisite. They are all silk brocades made of superior silk. The patterns are mostly auspicious clouds and auspicious cranes, which are very magnificent.At both ends of the imperial edict, there are flying silver dragons as anti-counterfeiting marks.The color of the imperial edict is also very particular: the richer the color is, the higher the official title will be.According to the customization of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial edicts for officials above the fifth grade are relatively rich in colors, including three colors, five colors and seven colors. The colors below the fifth grade are generally single and pureWhite damask。
Anti counterfeiting mark
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Some imperial edicts have another unique anti counterfeiting skill, and the silk cloth of the imperial edicts is full ofAuspicious Cloud PatternAnd the first word of all the imperial edicts must be written on the first auspicious cloud in the upper right corner.
Valuation
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Figure 1 The imperial edict unearthed in Longqi Village
Because the imperial edicts vary greatly from dynasty to dynasty, the imperial edicts are basically divided into "giving orders" and "telling orders". The single colored imperial edicts are generally called "giving orders" if they are below the five rank officials;And Colorful is generally awarded to officials above five grades, which is called Gaoming.There are three colors, five colors and seven colors for the imperial edicts above five grades.The value ranges from several thousand yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan.The imperial edict, colorShadingThe patterns are rich, including three colors, five colors and seven colors;For officials below the fifth grade, the color is pure white.The cloth used for these edicts is“Jiangning Weaving”Jacquard woven for imperial palace to issue imperial edictsDamask。A colorful imperial edict issued to officials above the fifth grade, including golden yellow, bright red, coffeeOchre、OrangeEqual color, brocade pattern includes cranelion, cirrus clouds and other patterns are gorgeous and elegant.The imperial edicts are all 33 cm wide, the longest one is 500 cm, and the shortest one is about 300 cm.As shown in Figure 1.
Since the imperial edicts are completed by top cultural experts from drafting to writing, they are of great historical value and greatArt appreciationValue.The terseness and refinement of its writing almost reached the level that adding one word is too cumbersome and reducing one word is inaccurate.
Exhibition
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1. About the gift of the father of Bixian to the bachelor of Chengde Langhanlin Academy
The imperial edict of the mother Ge granted honoring people
Fengtian undertook the emperor's edict
Yi Yue:“A good homeThere must be a celebration. "He who has not bowed himself is tired of doing good, and he who has not recovered from it is also weak.I will not grudge praise.Erpimenaehanlin academician He is the father of Bi Zhe. He is good in his nature and his deeds. He is willing to write and fight. He is the guiding principle of the four directions. He celebrates Yan Naizi and his calligraphy is very fragrant. He mourns him very much, and he can't bow.It should be praised to show hidden virtue.Hereby:Chengdelang，Bachelor of Imperial Academy。If you are not ignorant of your spirit, you still know your glory.
The imperial edict said: Virtue lies in people, and parents of relatives are also.Therefore, the imperial court followed the code of tin and arrested it. Ge Shi, the mother of Bi Xian, a scholar of Erhanlin Academy, was dutiful and thrifty, chaste and gentle, devoted to the generation of philosophical heirs, and elected officials.I hereby give you my compliments,JiuyuanAs you know, there are countless imperial inheritances.
It was decreed as the treasure of May 28 in the fourth year of Dazhong
The emperor decreed: I only manage the world with literature, and suppress the rebellion with force.Military commanders and generals are the mainstay of the court and the backbone of the country.NainengBoth civil and martial arts are complete. It is possible to spoil one's life by devoting one's achievements to service.Bi Xian, a bachelor of Erhanlin Academy, has earned a high salary, broken books and learned classics, and has been awarded the civil law.I don't want to visit the border affairs. Qiang bandits harass me in Hexi, and help us in ancient and modern timesRather pasturing, close to prohibition.I hereby grant you the title of Bining Commissioner. Xi Zhizhi orders you to play in the opera, which will shake up the barbarians.Deep Family Yuan Rong's Heroic VictoryHuaxia, using the pixun of the Zhaolu cloth, temporarily Xi Wu Bian, plus Pi Ji, Qinzai.
The imperial edict said: The ministers have been honored by the public, and they have taken advantage of Neide to make repairs. The court has the grace of Shujue to treat both men and women equally and highly, and Yifan praises Jiayong.Hou, the wife of Bi Xian, a scholar of the Si'er Academy of Imperial Academy, is graceful and graceful. The moon room is fine, and the brocade thread pierces the clouds. Zuo Fuzi uses green lanterns, solemnly combats the needle and gently stretches the moon. He presents a good man with a robe to make a sound governance and conduct, which is also suitable for honor and favor.It is advisable to present you as your wife. Xi Zhizhi orders you to play in the opera, emblazoned with Lan Fang Tuo, like a foot in a mountain or a river, Yi Longgui Temple is a warning to fly, and gold paper is just as powerful as the sky, and purple Gao is far away.
The emperor decreed: In the family of loyalty and filial piety, the court precepts had long been given by the court of the royal court, which is the court of justice and martial arts. There was no bow in front of the light, but there was a way to paste it behind. Therefore, the court declared the honor of Shujue and reported it in the form of a chapter.Er Biyan is the son of Bi Shi'an, the former king and prime minister,YaozhouTaiyuanBi ZhongyouHis father is handsome and has an eye like electricity. Hui people live in harmonyYan YingThe loaners, like Fan Chunzhi, are willing to give up their clothes and push for food, and the inheritors of Emperor Qikang, like Mao, show their loyalty to the country. I hereby take Qin En and Jia Zier as my examplesDoctor Yazhong, Xi Zhizhi orders in the play, Linzhi is superior, Qingsuo shows the training of righteousness, the class clothes are bright, Zichen showsgood fortune inherited from virtuous parentsLight.
Long Zhangyuan and Ma Hui
It was proclaimed that the dragon tower was full of grace from its great mother, and the edict of Sifeng Pavilion represented Peize of the imperial court, who knew the Yan family, the mother of Bi Zhongyou in Taiyuan, Yaozhou,Four VirtuesXianbei, Sancong Wute, Xiuyu Gancheng, Huiyin is carried in Shiguan, Chongxuan, Lun hook is introduced to Fukun and shines in Tongzhang, so I take Qin Yi as my gift.The edict of tin is given in the play, which will add to the treasure book. Chunxi is gathered in the orchid room to celebrate, the world Jingfu is condensed in the Moon Hall, the pot Fan Mizhao, and the golden flower Yonggao.
It was decreed as the treasure of August 18, the fifth year of Song Yuanyou
Imperial edict of the Ming and Qing dynasties
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Picture 2 Imperial edict of Emperor Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty
The imperial edict of the Ming Dynasty was written in only one Chinese document;The imperial edicts of the Qing Dynasty were divided into two types:Manchu scriptIt is written in combination, with Chinese and Manchu running from right to left, and then combined in the middle to write the date and seal it“The Treasure of Making Gao”Or“Royal Treasure”。Professionals told the reporter that most of the Chinese calligraphy on the imperial edict is dignified small regular script. These fonts are elegant, round and elegant, and the layout is odd and correct. The ups and downs are unique, and the handwriting is abrupt, like relief. It is amazing that they have gone through the vicissitudes of life without losing their charm.It is reported that the imperial edicts of the Ming and Qing dynastiesEdict(The first to fifth grade officials are granted the title of "imperial edict", and the sixth grade officials are hereinafter referred to as "imperial edict")Imperial AcademyWritten, thenCabinet BachelorAfter finishing, fill in the hair according to the grade.It is worth mentioning that the people who wrote the imperial edict in the Qing Dynasty were the best selected by the emperor from among the Jinshi personally -“An ordinary and lucky man”To undertake.Since the imperial edict was drafted and written by top cultural experts, the writing was concise, almost to the extent that adding one word was cumbersome, and subtracting one word was inaccurate.Therefore, while these imperial edicts are of great historical value, they also have great artistic appreciation value, as shown in Figure 2.
Folk remains
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Imperial edict of the Ming Dynasty
HebeiprovinceQiu CountyThe cultural and historical staff recently found a "huge"Ming WanliThe imperial edict was more than 360 cm long, and it is generally well preserved.
The original of this imperial edict is a blue and yellow silk edition, which hasbrocadeThe moire has a length of more than 360 cm and a width of about 33 cm.There is no shaft at both ends, slightly damaged, but the writing is clear and legible.The front end of the imperial edict is cyan silk cloth, with silver double dragons around the word "obey the order of God".The main idea of the text is: The emperor thanked an official named Sun Weicheng and his family for their dedication to the country, praised Sun Weicheng for working hard day and night for national affairs, praised his outstanding achievements, and granted him the title of ShanxiChief Executive。
The imperial edict listed Sun Weicheng's 13 official posts.The decree was issued on the second day of December in the 28th year of Wanli.There are more than 700 words in the full text of the imperial edict. The font is a small regular script with a dignified style. It is graceful, graceful, mellow and elegant. The layout of the imperial edict is neat and rigorous, with ups and downs and abrupt handwriting.The middle and the end of the imperial edict are covered with the royal "treasure of making a patent" and“Treasure of Guangyun”Square seal of.
According to Qiu County literature and history expertYang FengkuiIntroduction: Sun Weicheng, named Zongfu in the imperial edict, is the ancestor of Sun Dengxuan, Qiu CountySunzhuang VillagePeople.He is knowledgeable and knowledgeable, especially proficientrules governing the rhythm of words, good at poetry and lyrics.In 1570, he was elected as a middle ranking scholar, and later as a middle ranking scholar.Former postHu Guang Dao Supervising Imperial Historian, upgraded to ShanxiAccording to the censorDeputy envoy and chief executive.During his tenure as an official, Sun Weicheng was honest and upright, and loved the people as his son. This imperial edict was received when Sun Weicheng was promoted to be the commander of Shanxi Province.
In 2022,Wu'ancityCultural relics protectionWhen the management institute excavates and arranges the family style and family training cultureYicheng TownDongsanli VillageJi surnameA piece of Ming Dynasty found in the farmer's homeWanliThe imperial edict of.[3]
Emperor Kangxi's edict
Figure 3
February 26, 2008, two piecesKangxi ColorfulSettle the imperial edictXinxiangArchives.Experts say thisMulticolored imperial edictevenCentral Archivesnone.These two cleansKangxiThe colorful imperial edict issued by the emperor was officially entrusted by the custodian on February 26 after being preserved by the people for more than 300 yearsXinxiang Municipal ArchivesPreserve the edict.From the date, these two colorful imperial edicts of Kangxi were issued on May 3, the fortieth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty.There are Manchu and Han typefaces on it, which are composed of yellow, blue, brown and other colors. The materials used are colorful silk.The length is about 3.25m and the width is 0.4m.The first imperial edict was to appoint Ren Xuan's mother as his wife and commend her for her wise godson;The second imperial edict is to designate Ren Xuan's wife as "virtuous", which means virtuous wife.One of the main collectors by decreeGuandi VillageRenMr. Ren Shaojian, a family member, said that Ren Xuan was a famous minister during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and was deeply appreciated by the Emperor Kangxi. Kangxi believed that Ren Xuan's mother was good at teaching her son, and that Ren Xuan's wife was wise, reasonable, virtuous and intelligent, and was a first-class domestic helper.The Emperor Kangxi then issued the above two edicts within one day of May 3, the fortieth year of Kangxi.As shown in Figure 3.
Yongzheng imperial edict
Hebei ProvinceShenzhouThe Publicity Department of the Municipal Party Committee disclosed on June 26, 2013 thatDongsiwang VillageA few days ago, when revising the village annals, two imperial edicts of the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty were found, which provided textual and material evidence for the study of cultural and educational etiquette in the Qing Dynasty.
According to Meng Guozhen, a 77 year old villager from Dongsiwang Village, the preserver of the imperial edict, in the 13th year of Yongzheng's reign (1735), his ancestor Meng Lin became a martial scholar and was officially granted Hezhou, ShaanxiTown markThe right battalion guerrillas, the assistant general,From second grade。The two imperial edicts were the edicts of Emperor Yongzheng to grant Meng Lin's grandparents and parents respectively.The two imperial edicts are made of five colored brocades, with dozens of auspicious clouds woven on them.Due to the long history and historical reasons, silk or partial damage has appeared around the imperial edict.Each imperial edict is about 2 meters long horizontally and 0.4 meters wide vertically. The main body is written in both Manchu and Chinese characters. The Chinese characters are 2 cm square regular script. It respectively reads: "Meng Lin's grandfather is loyal and respectful, and can enlighten the future. The book of family history is a great treasure." "Meng Lin's grandmother, Liu Yiyi, is the home of style command, Zhao Zhenjian, and the country of sound and brightness spreading silk fiber.""The father of Meng Lin, Xi Fangjun, is a good bow tree", "The mother of Meng Lin, Cui Shi, has seven commandments to move three times, and is diligent in making orders, but not very early", and the two red big seals are also clearly visible.
The two imperial edicts begin with four words, "Follow God's orders", and each paragraph of the main body is marked with "Follow God's orders"“Made by the emperor”Or "making day".ShenzhouAccording to the municipal cultural relics department, most of the imperial edicts of the Ming and Qing dynasties begin with "imperial edicts" and "imperial edicts". The difference is that "imperial edicts" were written by the Imperial Academy, and after they were read by the cabinet scholars, they were written by the calligraphers appointed by the emperor, and finally sealed with the emperor's jade seal, while "imperial edicts" were written by the emperor himself on the recipients or important events he valued.Therefore, the imperial edict preserved by the Meng family may be written by Emperor Yongzheng himself.
May 23, 2018, Hebei ProvinceNangongMunicipal Cultural Relics DepartmentCultural relics surveyIn Nangong CityZizhong TownOne householdBai They found a imperial edict in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, which has gone through more than 500 years of vicissitudes, but is generally well preserved, as shown in Figure 4.
This imperial edict material is colorful auspicious clouds and auspicious cranesjacquard weaveThe existing brocade is 2.5 meters long and 0.29 meters wide. The main body of the imperial edict is written in regular script, with 25 lines and 145 Chinese characters from right to left.Seal script "Treasure of Making Gao" is stamped at the endseal 。[2]
