Remember the old Korean version

Postscript Works of Ouyang Xiu in Northern Song Dynasty

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"After Remembering the Old Korean Version" is a litterateur in the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu A postscript created. The article reviews the whole process of the author from contact with Korean to learning Korean and then to advocating the movement of ancient Chinese over the past 30 years, emphasizing that the author should not become secular and eager for fame in order to learn to become a writer, which shows the author's ambition to carry forward Han Yu The ideals and determination of Zhiwen and Han Yuzhidao are important materials for studying the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu's creative path. The article is a combination of narration and discussion, with plain language, sincere feelings and full of appeal.^[1]

Title: Remember the old Korean version
Author: Ouyang Xiu

Creation era: Northern Song Dynasty
Origin: The Official Documents of Ouyang Wenzhong, The Extraordinary Collection of Jushi, Volume 23
Genre: postscript

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Original text

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Remember the old version in Korean one after

Yu Shaojia Handong two In the east of Han Dynasty, there were no scholars, and my family was poor and had no books. There is a person with the surname Li in the south of the state. His son Yaofu is very eager to learn. When you are a child, visit your home more often. See its disadvantages three The old books were stored in the basket between the walls. When they were sent out, they could get the six volumes of Mr. Changli's Collected Works of the Tang Dynasty. They fell off, turned upside down, and were out of order; because four Begging five The Li family returned. After reading it, I can see that his words are profound and powerful, but there is still little to give six I didn't know its meaning, but I saw its vastness seven , if cute eight 。

He is a scholar of the time, written by Yang and Liu nine , marked as "current language" ten , capable eleven Take the section, be good at twelve There is no Korean speaker who is famous for his glory. Yu Yifang Promotes Scholars thirteen , taking the poetry and ode of the Ministry of Rites as the matter fourteen 。 Seven out of ten years old, tried in the state, and was deposed by Yousi fifteen 。 Because I took the collected Han's writings and read them again, I felt very sorry sixteen "Scholars seventeen When that happens, stop! " It's strange that people don't follow the rules of the times, and Gu has no time to learn eighteen He always thinks of giving to the heart alone, so as to say that the side follows nineteen Jinshi Ganlu twenty To support one's parents. If you want to earn money, you should try your best to be polite twenty-one In order to repay his original aspiration twenty-two 。

The last seven years twenty-three , promote Jinshi and twenty-four , official in Luoyang twenty-five 。 And Yin Shilu twenty-six All the disciples are here, so Xianghe, as an ancient prose, was supplemented by the collection of Changli twenty-seven Of. Ask others to have all the old books and revise them. Since then, scholars in the world have gradually followed the ancient times, and Korean has been practiced in the world for more than 30 years. The scholar is not Han and does not study. It can be said that he is prosperous!

Woo hoo! The Tao always goes from far to near, and sometimes goes from the past to the present. It is not only the result of secular likes and dislikes, but also a matter of course twenty-eight 。 Therefore, Confucius and Meng were terrified twenty-nine In one moment, and learn from thousands of generations. Han's writings have been missing for 200 years, and then they have been widely used today thirty 。 This is not special thirty-one The place of likes and dislikes will become clearer after being covered for a long time. It is indelible, although it is covered temporarily thirty-two Of course, the Tao of those who shine in the infinite.

The beginning of giving came from Han Ya, when it sank and abandoned. Yu Gu knew that it was not enough to catch up thirty-three Take advantage of snobbery thirty-four So you learn and give to the person you are doing. Why are you anxious for fame thirty-five What's the use of snobbery? It's just a long time thirty-six ！ Therefore, those who are given an official position are not happy to advance and not afraid to retreat. Their ambition is determined first, and the scholars should follow suit.

Anthology thirty-seven Out of Shu thirty-eight , written description, quite good at today's secular version thirty-nine , and Tuomiu forty More. In 30 years, there is a good foundation for people forty-one They must be corrected after being asked. Its final volume forty-two Inadequate, not replenished today forty-three , increase its reason again forty-four Also. Yu's family has a collection of thousands of books, and only the collection of Mr. Changli is used. Woo hoo! Han's Way of Writing forty-five , respected by all the world, shared by all the world forty-six But there are. Given in this book forty-seven The old things are especially treasured.^[2]

Annotation translation

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Word and sentence annotation

one
Old Korean:《 Collected Works of Mr. Changli 》, Han Yu, the main initiator of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, is his disciple Li Han Edit.
two
Handong: In the Song Dynasty, there was Handong County in Suizhou, east of the Hanshui River.
three
Disadvantages: the same as "humble", shabby and bad.
four
Cause: So.
five
Begging: Begging, asking for others to give.
six
Still young: I'm still young.
seven
Boundless: vast. In the article, it refers to the unrestrained and unrestrained style.
eight
Ruo Cute: It seems very cute.
nine
Works of Yang and Liu: Yang Yi 、 Liu Jun Works. Yang and Liu were both major writers of the Western Kun School in the early Song Dynasty.
ten
Current articles: the stylized articles of the imperial examination at that time.
eleven
Able person: a person who can write "current style".
twelve
Unauthorized: possession, exclusive.
thirteen
Fang Ju Jinshi: I am preparing for the exam.
fourteen
Take the poetry and fu of the Ministry of Rites as the matter: take the poetry and fu system and procedures stipulated by the Ministry of Rites as the most important content of learning. At that time, the Imperial Examination was presided over by the Ministry of Rites, and parallel prose and poems were the main subjects of the examination.
fifteen
Dismissed by a company (ch ù): abandoned by the examiner.
sixteen
Ku Ran: The appearance of sighing.
seventeen
Scholar: A person who learns to write articles.
eighteen
No time to learn: I am busy preparing parallel prose and poems for trial, but I have no time to learn Korean.
nineteen
Fang Cong: Is engaged in, is pursuing.
twenty
Gan Lu: Obtaining official positions to receive salaries.
twenty-one
Try your best to be polite: you should try your best to learn Korean.
twenty-two
To repay his ambition: to realize his wish.
twenty-three
The last seven years: the eighth year of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1030).
twenty-four
And: the first place in the imperial examination, that is, the first place in the imperial examination.
twenty-five
Official in Luoyang: After being promoted in Ouyang Xiu, he was appointed as an official in Xijing and stayed in Luoyang.
twenty-six
Yin Shilu: namely Yin Zhu (1001-1047), a native of Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province), a essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, is known as Mr. Henan.
twenty-seven
Touch up: Touch up binding.
twenty-eight
It is also reasonable: it has its own reason.
twenty-nine
Hu á ng: The appearance of anxiety in the heart.
thirty
Great contribution to today: prevailing today.
thirty-one
Feite: Not only.
thirty-two
Covering temporarily: temporarily buried.
thirty-three
Good times: the good times of the people today.
thirty-four
Snobbery: power and interests, which means high officials and high salaries.
thirty-five
Urgent reputation: eager to seek fame.
thirty-six
It's just a long time ago.
thirty-seven
Collection: refers to the version of Mr. Changli's Collected Works obtained by Ouyang Xiu from Li Shi.
thirty-eight
Shu: the area of Sichuan Province today.
thirty-nine
Secular book: popular book in society.
forty
Mi ù: the falling off and mistakes of words.
forty-one
Rare edition: rare, accurate and intact edition.
forty-two
Volume (zh): number of volumes.
forty-three
Non refill: the reason for no refill.
forty-four
The reason for this is that we should not rashly add the remnant, that is, we should keep the original appearance of the old one.
forty-five
The way of Han's literature: Han Yu's literary tradition and Taoist tradition.
forty-six
It is respected by all the world and passed on by all the world: that is, it will always be respected and spread by the Tao.
forty-seven
Thereby: Just because.^[2]

Vernacular translation

When I was young, my family lived in Handong County. Handong is remote and backward. There is no scholar. My family is poor and has no books. There was a big family named Li in the south of the prefecture. His son Yaofu was very studious. When I was a child, I often visited his home. I saw an old book stored in a broken bamboo basket, which was placed between the walls. I opened it and looked through it. I got six volumes of Mr. Changli's Collected Works of the Tang Dynasty. The pages of the book were missing, the words were missing, they were reversed, and there was no order. So I asked the Li family to let me take it home. After reading it, I found that its speech was profound, solid and magnificent. But I am still young and can not understand its full meaning, just feel that it is boundless. It seems very cute.

At that time, people who were studying all over the world called the articles written by Yang Yi and Liu Jun "Shiwen". Those who were good at writing Shiwen earned fame and great reputation, and were praised and honored in the world. No one ever talked about Han Yu's articles. I am also trying to be a Jinshi and take the poetry and fu stipulated by the Ministry of Rites as my learning task. At the age of 17, he participated in the state examination and was expelled by the examiner. So I picked up the collection of Han Yu's writings and read it again. After reading it, I sighed: "A person who wants to study should reach this level to stop!" So I blame today's people for not talking about Korean, but recall that I have no time to study it. I just think that I am working hard to get a Jinshi, get an official salary, and support my mother; As long as you get the official salary, you must work hard to study Han Yu's articles to realize your daily wish.

Seven years later, I passed the exam and became an official in Luoyang. And Yin Shilu and others were in Luoyang at that time, so they wrote ancient Chinese together. So I took out the Changli Collection that I had kept and revised it. I also searched for the old version kept in other people's homes to revise it. Since then, people studying all over the country have gradually tended to write ancient Chinese, and Korean has become popular in the world. For more than 30 years now, people who want to study do not learn anything except Korean, which can be said to be prosperous.

Alas, although a theory is popular in the distance, it is not popular nearby, and it was ignored in the past but respected now. It is not only secular love or aversion that makes it so, but it is also inevitable. Confucius and Mencius were in a hurry at that time and were very frustrated, but they were regarded as models for generations to learn from. Han Yu's articles have been hidden for 200 years, but they are very popular today. This is not only what people's likes or dislikes can raise or lower, but also because the longer the time goes on, the more glorious they will be and cannot be destroyed. Although they are temporarily covered up, they will eventually shine for generations, because the theory in them is supposed to be like this.

I first got Korean when it was buried and abandoned. Of course, I know that it can't be used to catch up with fashion hobbies and gain power interests, but in this case, I approach and learn from it. Is my action to get fame and pursue power interests? It's just a long-term goal. So when I was an official, I was not happy with the promotion and not afraid of demotion, because my ambition had already been determined and my knowledge made me like this.

The book of the anthology was produced in Sichuan, and the character carving is more exquisite than the book currently used in the world, but there are many omissions and mistakes. In the past 30 years, whenever I heard that someone else had a good book, I must find it to correct. The reason why the last volumes of the book are incomplete and have not been supplemented now is to keep them as they are and not add them rashly. My family has ten thousand volumes of books. Only "Mr. Changli Collection" is an old thing. Ah, Han Yu's articles and theories are the heritage that all generations respect and all the world share. I cherish this collection just because it is my old thing.^[1]

Creation background

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It was written in the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty (1064-1067). In the early Song Dynasty, parallel prose was popular, and ancient prose was not valued. Han Yu's anthology was obliterated because no one paid attention to it. The Pioneer of the Ancient Prose Movement in the Song Dynasty Liukai 、 Mu Xiu They first proposed to respect Han and published the anthologies of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, but their influence was not significant. Through the author's vigorous advocacy and active creative practice, the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty flourished. When the Korean language is popular in the world and "scholars do not learn Korean language unless they are Korean", the author reviewed his experience of learning Korean language for more than 30 years and wrote this article.^[3]

Appreciation of works

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Literary appreciation

In the first paragraph, the author narrated the situation of "Collected Works of Mr. Changli" that he occasionally got in his youth. The book was put in a broken bamboo basket between the walls of a friend's house at that time, which had fallen off and was in disorder. The description of this situation indirectly shows that Han Yu Liu Zongyuan The movement of ancient prose launched in the mid Tang Dynasty has declined, and the formalistic parallel prose popular in the Five Dynasties has resurfaced. Korean prose has been ignored. However, after reading it, the author feels that Korean is profound, powerful and boundless. Although I can't fully understand its meaning because I am young, I still love it and decide to take it as my goal of learning and pursuing.

In the second paragraph, the author introduces the situation and atmosphere at that time, as well as his determination and process to actively promote Korean. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, senior officials and bureaucrats headed by Yang Yi and Liu Jun wrote《 Xikun Reward Album 》It is known as the West Kun Sect. They boast of "carving beautiful sentences, which are popular", and write more poems and essays that are sociable, detached from reality, and dedicated to the pursuit of formal skills, known as "current style". This kind of "Shiwen" is the main subject of the imperial examination. As long as you can write "Shiwen", you can get fame and be praised by the world. At the age of 17, the author took an examination, but was dismissed by Yousi because of the untimely article. When he read Korean again, he had a deeper understanding of Korean, and could not help sighing: "A person who wants to study should reach this level to achieve his goal." So he blamed the people at that time for not praising Korean, but he had no time to study it, nor was he able to promote it, so he secretly decided to learn "Shiwen" first to get the position. The purpose of the author's learning "Shiwen" at this time is just to treat it as a stepping stone. When the door is opened, the title is obtained, and the brick is discarded, he can concentrate on studying and developing Korean.

In the third paragraph, the author writes about his efforts and achievements in promoting the ancient prose movement. After the author became an official in Kyoto, he abandoned the door knocking brick and went all out to carry out the ancient prose movement. On the one hand, he collated and proofread the collected Changli Essays; On the one hand, with Yin Shilu, Mei Yaochen Xie Jiang He and others are committed to writing and promoting ancient Chinese. After 30 years of hard work, "the Korean language is practiced in the world" and "scholars do not learn it unless they are Korean". This narrative is very simple, but it infuses the author's half life energy. During this period, in addition to creating a large number of essays that are smooth, concise, smooth and varied, he also united, cited and cultivated many famous writers, such as Sansu 、 Wang Anshi 、 Zeng Gong , making ancient Chinese completely defeat "Shiwen" and achieve complete victory. This movement occupies an extremely important position in the history of Chinese literature.

In the fourth paragraph, according to the fact that the Korean language has not yet flourished, the author clarifies the reason that the vitality of "Tao" is bound to remain forever, even though it may disappear temporarily. To illustrate this point, the author Confucius 、 Mencius The fact that people in other countries lobbied for their theories, but no one accepted them, but later respected them as models for others to emulate, combined with the fact that "Han's writings have not been seen for two hundred years, and then have been applied to today." The fact profoundly shows that Tao "is not only the result of secular likes and dislikes", but also "is not the place where special likes and dislikes rise and fall".

In the fifth paragraph, the author explains the purpose of developing Korean and the lessons learned from it. The author learns and develops Korean not to follow the fashion, not to fame, not to power, but to recognize Korean as the correct goal of learning. In order to achieve this goal, he can make unremitting progress in spite of secular likes and dislikes. "Advance is not for joy, retreat is not for fear", and the Korean thought in turn prompted him to go forward courageously and unyielding.

Finally, the author further explains the situation, principles and love of Korean. There are many omissions and errors in the Korean version handed down from generation to generation, so the author collected good versions from many sources to revise them, but the principle is to keep the original and not to increase them rashly, which shows the author's respect for his ancestors. The author wrote ten thousand volumes of books in his home, and the only one is "Mr. Changli Collection". However, I especially cherish it, which highlights my love for Korean.

This article sometimes narrates, sometimes discusses and expresses feelings; However, they all take an old Korean text collected by the author as a clue to integrate the full text into a whole. The full text is simple in language, without any pretense. What is particularly striking is that the full text has a strong feeling in the narration from beginning to end, such as the demand for "falling out of order" Korean, the admiration and promotion of "Haoran boundless" Korean, the collection of rare Korean books when proofreading Korean, the caution when adding Korean, and the collection of old Korean books, all of which reveal the author's admiration and love for Korean.^[4]

Comments of famous experts

clear Zhang Bohang Volume 6 of "The Eight Literary Papers of Tang and Song Dynasties": The articles of the Ministry of Han Li were published in the sky and have been shining like the sun up to now, but few people knew well at that time. It has only been more than a hundred years since I went to Wengong. The Korean language is still in oblivion. It covers the shortcomings of the five generations of literature, and the habits of Yang and Liu Qili in the early Song Dynasty are also covered. The public knows how to be good from children. They can go to Li's open basket and beg for return. The life of love is only an old thing among thousands of volumes. Later scholars said that the article must be called "Han Ou", because it was born with the root of Han, which is not the ability of learning to move the ear.

clear Sun Cong Volume IV of Complete Works of Lu Ling by Ouyang, a Song Dynasty Master, Selected by Shanxiao Pavilion: The learning of Lu Ling originated from Changli, so although the Korean language is recorded in this article, it is true that the learning of Lu Ling is powerful. The first paragraph narrates the cause of the article, and then writes a lovely look; In the second paragraph, Xu Wei learns from his writings, and writes another kind of profound love; The third paragraph states that he has learned from it; The fourth paragraph believes that the text must be passed on; The fifth paragraph shows that what he has learned is good: he talks about Korean everywhere and writes about his own strength everywhere. This shows that the ancients were confident and did not forget their roots.

clear Chu Xin Volume I of Collection of Ten Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty · Collection of Six One Dwellers: Han Zhiwen was published publicly, and the public learned from Han Yicheng's family and passed it on endlessly. I know this chapter very well.

clear Puqilong 《 Commentary on the eyebrows in ancient Chinese 》Volume 60: Gentle and gentle, picking up the fragrance, and seeing progress and retreat through the narration, they are always helping with Korean, but they are doing something important.^[5]

About the author

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Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a litterateur and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. Yongshu, Zuiweng Liuyi Jushi 。 Jizhou Jishui (now Jiangxi) people. Heavenly Holy Jinshi. Tired officials to the Privy Council and Deputy Envoys, and consulted about political affairs. Posthumous title: Wenzhong. Early support Fan Zhongyan And actively participate in political reform. He advocated that poetry and prose should be concerned with reality, and expressed dissatisfaction with the flamboyant style of writing since the early Song Dynasty. He was the leader of the poetry and prose innovation movement in the Song Dynasty. His essays were listed as“ Eight Great Men of Letters of the Tang and Song Dynasties ”One. The poetic style is smooth and natural, and the poetic style is graceful and beautiful. Future generations《 Public Works of Ouyang Wenzhong 》。^[6]

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