Visual effect, a biological term, provides the audience with life pictures intuitively, vividly and vividly, so as to make the audience produce the effect of aesthetic imagination concisely and conveniently.
Chinese name
Visual effect
Location
U.S.A
founder
morgan
Cause
Differences in the number of eggs sold by husband and wife
Morgan, the founder of the American Morgan Consortium, was not rich before. The couple made a living by selling eggs.But the tall and strong Morgan sells eggs far less than his thin wife.Then he finally found out the reason.It turns out that when he peddles eggs with his palm, because his palm is too big, people's eyesVisual errorHaving hurt Morgan, he immediately changed the way of selling eggs: put the eggs in a shallow and small tray, and the sales situation really improved.Morgan was not satisfied.Since the visual error of the eyes can affect sales, the knowledge of business is even greater, which inspired his research and discussion on psychology, business, management, and so on, and finally founded the Morgan Consortium.
The owner of a coffee shop in Tokyo, Japan, used the error of human vision on color to reduce coffee consumption and increase profits.He gave more than 30 friends four cups of coffee with the same concentration each, but the cup containing coffee was coffee, red, cyan and yellow.The results showed that friends had different opinions on the identical coffee: they thought that the coffee in the cyan cup was "too weak";The coffee in the yellow cup is "not strong, just right";Coffee colored cups and red cups are "too strong", and 90% of red cups think that coffee is "too strong".So the boss changed all the cups in his shop to red according to this result, which not only greatly reduced the consumption of coffee, but also left a good impression on customers.As a result, there are more and more customers and business is booming.
Stone decoration
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When we step into a magnificent and glamorous hall, we will be surprised at the magnificence of this building.When we are in a warm, quiet and plain space, we will feel tired all over quietly.When we wander in the beautiful nature with red flowers and green willows, green mountains and green waters, we will be intoxicated with the magical scenery of nature.What is at work?It is a visual effect.
In our society, which pays more and more attention to people first, decoration and decoration are all about how to meet the needs of human life to the maximum extent and provide comfortable and excellent services for human beings.To be clear, decoration is to use all existing materials and means to create the best visual effect to meet the human pursuit of beauty.
The role of vision
Pictures related to visual effects
As we all know, the role of vision is mainly to observe and watch everything in the surrounding world.Vision plays a very important role in human activities. Beautiful things in nature are reflected by human vision.Without the function of vision, the sublime and small, beautiful and ugly, vigorous and powerful of things cannot be compared;The colorful, diverse and varied nature cannot be seen again.
All beautiful things are left in the brain through the role of vision and become good memories of human beings.Painting, photography, decoration and other arts have become a very important aspect of visual art. Visual art is an ancient art as well as a new art that is constantly developing. In our society where the pursuit of beauty is getting higher and higher, visual art is constantly shining with more charming and dazzling light.
Visual center
In human visual activities, when looking at something, the visual attention must be focused on the center of gravity of the thing, which is the so-called visual center.If a thing lacks such a visual center, there is no distinction between primary and secondary, and there is no difference between key points, it is impossible to produce resonance and association of beauty.The purpose of decoration is to create many visual centers and bring people in life into a magical, charming, dreamlike and beautiful world.
Common colors and patterns in stone application
The stone is colorful.Red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple, as well as various colors and patterns formed by the colorful combination of these colors can be found in the known stones.There are white stones as white as jade, such as white crystal, white marble and Baoxing white.Green stones include green jade and white jade, which are as green as jade.Red stones are like sunrise and sunset, such as hibiscus red and sunset red.The color and pattern of stone, with its natural texture and color, contain the myriad weather of nature, the four seasons beauty, and fully display the natural beauty of stone.
Since ancient times, China has known to use the natural texture and characteristics displayed by the natural color and pattern of stone to form a natural landscape painting.Xu Xiake described these natural landscape paintings made of stone materials as follows: "All the blocks are strange, all of them are wonderful and color the landscape, the dangerous peaks and valleys are broken, the waterfalls follow the clouds, the snow cliffs reflect the water, and they are stacked far and near. The strokes are magical, the clouds can live, the mountains are like sound, not particularly colorful and brilliant".He also praised: "I know that the more things are created, the more strange they become. Since then, all the painters in the painting industry have become vulgar brushes, and the painting garden can be abandoned." The words of the ancients not only reflect the ancients' evaluation of marble, but also reflect the people's love of marble today.
The preference for stone color and pattern varies with people, nations, countries and ages, and there is no absolute measurement standard.However, in terms of the amount of stone used for many years, white, yellow, green and coffee colors have flourished for many years, especially yellow stones, which have always been used in stone decorationMain tone, deeply loved by people.
Creating the visual effect of buildings by using the color of stone
Interior decorationThe influence of hue, lightness and chroma in color on vision is often used to produce a certain visual effect.
1. The temperature sense of color can be used to create a specific indoor atmosphere.Red, orange and yellow on the color wheel are warm colors.Green, blue and purple are cool colors.Warm colors and cool colors have different effects on people's psychology and vision.Warm colors can make people excited and enthusiastic.Therefore, warm colors are suitable for recreational and sports buildings;Cool colors create an elegant, quiet and open atmosphere, suitable for living rooms, reading rooms, wards, etc.
2. The lightness of color is mainly affected by lightness, generally darkColor sensationHeavy, bright color feels light.Proper use of the sense of lightness and gravity can make the indoor space achieve a balanced and stable effect.In order to keep the color stable, the interior space is from top to bottom, with the shallowest ceiling, deeper wall, and the deepest skirting and floor.
3. Using the sense of distance of color can adjust the scale, proportion and shape of indoor space.Distance andHueIt's about brightness.The warm color of high brightness is the expansion color, and the cold color is the open color, which seems to increase the distance between people and objects.At the same distance, the warm colored ceiling will make people feel larger than the cold colored ceiling;Similarly, warm color walls are bigger than cold color walls.
4. The use of color sense of volume can improve the effect of indoor space size.The sense of volume is mainly related to lightness.The lower the brightness, the stronger the contraction;The higher the brightness, the stronger the sense of expansion.This principle is embodied in the fact that dark columns appear thin and light columns appear thick.
The size and shape of a building is determined by its color, but the feeling of length, width and height can be changed by its color.
Use the texture and texture of stone to produce visual effects
Any stone has its specific texture and texture.Making full use of these two characteristics in stone decoration may create a very good visual effect.
1. The role of stone texture
(1) Expand space
Polished marble and graniteSpecular reflectionIt can make people feel open space and vision.
(2) Physical effects
The material surface texture is different, the physical effect is different, and the effect on sound, light and heat is different.The rough surface has uniform reflection and strong absorption capacity;Smooth surface has strong reflection and small absorption capacity.
(3) Achieve different artistic decoration effects
The texture of stone is easy to process.Stone can not only be easily processed into smooth surface, but also can be easily added into rough surface, matte surface, fire surface, fire antique surface, acid pickling antique surface, natural surface, litchi surface, longan surface, water flush surface, fire+water flush surface and other surfaces of various textures.These surfaces with different textures can achieve completely different decorative art effects in different decorative environments, and these decorative effects are manyDecorative materialsIncomparable.The smooth panel gives you a delicate, graceful and gentle feeling;The plate with natural surface gives people a rough, vigorous and bold rigid feeling.
2. Function of stone texture
(1) Change field of vision
The natural texture of stone can change the indoor space shape and set off a certain atmosphere.The various natural textures of stone are anyDecorative materialsIt is incomparable that if we make good use of various textures of stone in stone decoration, we can increase many vivid decorative effects and change the visual scale of space.The vertical texture of stone can increase the visual height of the room;Using horizontal texture can increase the width of the room;The rough or large pattern texture can make people feel the narrowness of the indoor space;Small or small pattern texture will make people feel the expansion of indoor space.Straight lines, curves and patterns composed of various stones according to certain geometric shapes will give people different visual feelings and impacts, giving people colorful changes.
(2) Achieve different artistic decoration effects
Due to the natural texture formed by the natural posture and color of stone, the surface texture of different kinds of stone varies greatly.Some textures are rough and bold, like rushing clouds and rivers;Some are gentle and delicate, like a trickle of streams;Some waves are undulating, like continuous peaks and mountains.This is the artistic charm given by the natural texture of stone, and the beautiful scenery in the world created by it.
Different designers have different design art styles, different artistic expressions, different design art concepts, and different artistic pursuits.No matter what kind of artistic decoration style you need, stone is the natural gift of nature to human beingsDecorative materialsAs long as designers try hard to experience and speculate, they will feel that stone, which is not charming, not kitsch, seemingly ordinary but not vulgar, seemingly light but thick, can create the most beautiful picture scroll in the world, the most intoxicating, warm and romantic feeling.
The ever-changing combination of stones of different colors and textures is just like a kaleidoscope of colorful and varied colors. It is not too much to use "myriad styles" to describe the endless beauty that stones bring to people.Some scholars described the beauty of the color and texture of marble: the most ornamental value of stone is its ever-changing texture, which can be found in flowers, plants, animals, etc;Natural landscape is the most common scenery;Its lines have the artistic effect of "similarity and non similarity".The scenic spots and famous mountains are changeable and cannot be appreciated by those who have not experienced them.This "natural art" is beyond the reach of painters and photographers.From my point of view, it also makes people feel infinite beauty and elegance.
Create visual effect by combining different colors of stone
As we all know, the color of stone is rich and varied.When we produce and process stones of different colors according to certain geometric patternsPermutation and combinationWe can create many stone decorative handicrafts with better visual sense and more artistic appreciation value.The function of decoration is to use the combination of different colors to change the atmosphere of the environment and create a beautiful and harmonious environment.The different patterns made of various colors of stone are elegant and solemn, which not only have very high artistic appreciation value, but also have very high decorative value, giving people a very strong visual impact, making people have a strong visual effect.This kind of stone mosaic product, which is processed from stone, is very popular in hotels, hotels, shopping malls, and comprehensive business buildings, and has a good market prospect.A very important reason why this product is very popular is that it has a good sense of vision and strong visual effect.
How to create visual center with architectural decorations
Common stone decoration products include:
1. Floor plate and floor parquet.The floor panel has light panel, rough panel or other surface forms, depending on the specific effect pursued by the design environment.The floor mosaic includes board mosaic and mosaic mosaic, which have different decorative artistic effects.Plate mosaic can give people a gorgeous and shining visual sense, while mosaic mosaic can give people a classical, simple and vigorous visual sense.
2、Decorative molding。There are two types: straight line and curve. This is to create a shape visual effect by using the change of geometric shape.
3. Cylindrical arc plate.For the stone products used to wrap the cylindrical structure or wall structure of buildings, the arc panels on the columns and walls are like a coat on the building body.
4. Stone murals can make the finishing point in the environmental construction of buildings, render the environment, and give people very elegant artistic enjoyment.Fireplace is one of the most commonly used stone products for interior decoration in western countries.
5. Feng Shui Ball.A ball that can rotate in water by means of power.When the ball turns, the wind and water will rise, which can bring luck and prosperity to people, and indicates that wealth will be rolling and good luck will shine.The geomancy ball is very suitable for installing in the prominent position of the important square or lobby entrance, creating a very strange cultural and natural landscape.
6. Carving works of art.A traditional and still popular stone art.This stone handicraft is not only suitable for indoor decoration, but also for outdoor decoration.
A building decoration is composed of differentspatial location It is impossible for the designer to design the decoration scheme without distinguishing the importance from the importance.
Designers often create architectural decorations to set off the environmental atmosphere and render the theme according to the importance of a place in space.
The entrance of the lobby is the main passageway for building access, which occupies a very important position in the building and is the key point of decoration of the building.Therefore, we can see columns, door jambsCornice, walls, etc.The purpose of the designer's design is nothing more than to create a special space environment to show the distinctive and unique artistic environment of the building.
The staircase in the lobby is the only way to the floor.The staircase in the lobby is generally in the center of the lobby.
The door at the entrance of the lobby is mostly divided according to the geometric shape, and the door pocket has two forms: straight position and curved position.
The lobby service desk can be seen everywhere in hotels, hotels and comprehensive business buildings. It is used to receive guests from all directions and handle affairs.It is usually located in a prominent position of the building and is also the focus of decoration in the building. It also plays a role in rendering the indoor environment in the decoration environment of the lobby.The material selection of the service desk in the lobby should be particular, the design should be beautiful and generous, and the lines should be rich in changes to produce a strong visual effect.
There are many columns in the building. After putting a coat on the columns, the grade of the building can be improved a lot.
In addition to the function of protecting the wall, the use of stone to decorate the wall is mainly to beautify and embellish the atmosphere of the indoor environment by using the natural characteristics of stone (such as various textures on the surface, natural and bright colors).It makes the atmosphere of the indoor environment appear natural, dignified, noble, gorgeous, elegant and pleasant, creating an environment atmosphere where people and nature coexist in harmony. The installation of stone on the exterior wall of the building is like putting a beautiful coat on the rigid wall, shining with charming brilliance in the sunlight.The use of stone for exterior wall can be either smooth stone or rough stone, depending on the environmental atmosphere to be created.The use of rough stones to decorate the environment can give people a natural beauty of rugged, heroic, unrestrained and simple.
The floor of the lobby is a very important part of the building, and it is also the focus of building decoration.The shining ground gives people a pleasant and elegant feeling.
The functional activity places in the lobby are also important parts of the building, which are the main places for leisure, entertainment and business.The decoration of these places is decorated with some stones with unique colors and patterns, which can add a lot of "elegant", "strange", "quiet", "ancient" and "beautiful" environmental atmosphere, giving people a beautiful enjoyment and edification.
When people look at an object, they will alwaysVisual retentionIn the visual center, the most influential point.The purpose of an excellent designer's creation is to let his work move the audience's heart, let the audience burn with passion and produce strong desire;Enjoying and edifying the beauty, the product is shockingForce effect。A building decoration has a large space and a wide range, so it is difficult for designers to do everything in decoration design.Therefore, designers often choose a very important position in the building to create several eyewitness focuses that are easy to produce visual effects for the audience to show that the building is unusual.
Image modeling
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As far as modeling is concerned, the image is the outer contour image of graphics or schemata.stayGraphical symbolsIn the process of creation, image and graphic modeling are related, whether simple or complex, individual or group graphics, the perception of image and the description of graphics have visual perception.The image in visual art has visual psychological effect, visual aesthetic effect and theme communication effect in visual communication.
Visual psychological effect
In the creation of graphic design, the visual psychological effect of image modeling is mainly manifested in the order, simplicity and strangeness of graphics.Weitehai's default is: "A musical sound or a straight line is only a part of a piece of music or a figure, and the sum of the parts is not equal to the whole of the music or figure. Only the overall characteristics of the music or figure determine the role of a single musical sound or straight line, and the east and west that give the overall characteristics are shape and quality, which makes people understand the music or figure." ① WeiteheimerHolismStarting from the analysis of auditory art and visual art, we can see the meaning of "wholeness".In fact, graphic design is carried out in accordance with the principle of integrity. Only in the overall harmony of modeling can people feel happy.Harmony depends on order, and order comes from the overall grasp. The realization of modeling order must follow an important principle - the grasp of the overall image characteristics of graphics. Through the organization and refinement of graphics and images, the creation of orderly and changing visual images can be realized, thus giving people visual psychological pleasure in harmony.
As far as the development of art is concerned, the simplicity of form is the expression of the progress of art itself, and it is also the psychological needs of modern people.In addition to orderliness and conciseness, the defamiliarization of schema is also of great significance in visual communication.Defamiliarization is a kind of "expectation value" of visual psychology, which is opposite to "deja vu" and "similarity".
Visual aesthetic effect
There are many factors that constitute the visual aesthetic feeling in design art, including material materials, language forms and spiritual connotations. The image elements, as the communication of language forms and spiritual connotations, play an important role in forming the aesthetic effect of graphics.The formal beauty highlighted by the image modeling is an important factor of visual aesthetics. When an artist experiences things with his art tools, he will "image" the characteristics and appearance of the object, pay attention to the plane or three-dimensional image of the object, weaken its details and highlight the formal factors reflected in its appearance, and make aesthetic treatment on the image of the shape or schema structure of the figure,Or emphasize, or summarize, or just, or soft, with a natural state of perceptual preparation to deal with them, generalization and exaggeration, contrast and domestication, strengthening the rhythm and so on become part of this stereotype.Such a perceptual style has triggered graphic design. When aesthetic imagination analyzes, transforms and synthesizes the perceptual image and memory image in the process of conception, it will process the image based on the subjective concept and modeling experience, and try to grasp the essence of the form to place a strong sense of formal beauty in the works.The beauty of image modeling is not only the externalization of the artist's creative artistic imagination, but also acts on the visual schema in turn, showing the visual aesthetic effect in the induction and organization of the schema.
In the creation of form, rhythm also reflects a lively visual aesthetic effect.Rhythm is the expression of force in the imageside lineThe orderly organization and composition of the sidelines of the overall structure of the schema will give rise to a clear sense of the continuous rhythm of ups and downs.As Arnheim said: "All visual shapes are force patterns, and there are two forces, one is the physical force that really exists, the other is the psychological force that the audience intuitively perceives.In fact, the illusory psychological force is the experience of physical force. It exists specifically for aesthetic visual perception in the visual arts. It processes and transcends the aesthetic meaning of physical force and becomes the force that directly promotes the rhythm of the screen form. "②On the one hand, the brightness of the force pattern depends on the color, pen, texture and shape, and on the other hand, it depends more on the image rhythm formed by the related lively processing force distribution.For the creation of graphics, there is a clear, overall and rhythmic image transmission, which will not only bring bright visual aesthetic effects, but also contribute to the display of strength and meaning.
Theme communication effect
Like other works of art, design art has a certain meaning, which influences people's aesthetic standards.And what does that mean?Bell replied to this, saying: "In different works, lines and colors form a certain form or relationship between forms in a special way, arousing our aesthetic feelings. This relationship and combination of lines and colors, these aesthetic and moving forms, I call them meaningful forms." ③ From Bell's words, we can understand that,The "emotion" he said is actually the "meaning" in works of art, and works of art that "cause different feelings" are "meaningful forms".Meaning permeates the transmission of the theme, and is the embodiment of aesthetic subject ideas and emotions.As a modeling element, image directly acts on the form of graphics, and implies and conveys certain ideas and information through form.In fact, paying attention to images in graphic design is not just a problem of graphic creation. The ultimate goal is to appeal to the senses through the form of images, and serve the transmission of theme or meaning.
Generally speaking, there are two factors for the design art to stimulate people's aesthetic feelings: one is the aesthetic nature of the content, and the other is the aestheticization of the form.The content is the idea that Hegel said, which is abstract, implicit and unreal;Form is the image that appeals to the senses, which is concrete, apparent and tangible.As the carrier of content, when expressing the subject's aesthetic image, the image form will participate in conveying the designer's intention.Of course, in the process of design, the meaning of expression is different, and the image forms are also very different, but one thing is certain, that is, the aesthetic value of the image combination form is reflected in the spirit, momentum, and spirit, specifically in the meaning expressed in the form of modeling. This "meaning" is the meaning that the designer wants to convey, that is, the aesthetic image.The so-called aesthetic image is the psychological process of the work acting on the audience, forming a certain image. This image is combined with the aesthetic attitude through the logical abstraction of emotion. Under the integration of this psychological factor, it finally presents a new look and becomes an aesthetic image.
The creation of image forms does not exist in graphic design alone, but plays an integral role in conveying feelings and ideas of works.There is no image without rhyme in art. If the complexity and simplicity of "image" form a concrete and non concrete way of expression, then the strength of rhyme forms the strength of the work's expressive force.No matter what method of expression is adopted, it is particularly important to blend the image form into the rhythm and structure of the work, unify it in the rhyme, and combine it with the theme transmission.
Sketch
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Traditionally, sketch has often used symbolic and realistic techniques to deal with space, which stems from different modeling concepts and requirements of painting.The sense of space presented by Western paintings is extremely specific and accurate, and tends to develop toward the depth of the picture. This is a very specific description method of time and space. Its medium is light, and its form element is light and dark tones. Therefore, sketch also produces a corresponding modeling technique.Traditional Chinese paintings often use symbolic methods to deal with space, such as planning white when black, and using solid to measure virtual harmonyOverlapping methodApplication of.The space is implied by the associative power of the symbol.
Form conveys reality and produces the visual effect of sketch
Many people in our country study foreign sketch, and the most popular style is such a few people: Fei Qin, Kang Baofu, and Anger.Why are these people popular?Why is it so popular in China?However, the sketches of Colehuizhi and Rembrandt are completely an investment of real feelings, which have really injected their feelings into every factor of the picture. Therefore, from form to content, they are extremely personalized and difficult to imitate.On the other hand, it is because we still choose something related to the line, and choose this factor that conforms to China's long-standing appreciation and habits. There is a certain tacit understanding with the truth in the eyes of Chinese people, which is easier to understand and accept by Chinese people, and relatively speaking, it seems easier to be imitated.
For further explanation, let's take a look at Zhu Da, the painter of the Qing Dynasty - "Eight Mountain People".Look at those strange rocks, solitary birds, solitary lotus in his paintings. Where are they in the ordinary sense? They are the extraordinary and refined temperament of Zhu Da, the true portrayal of depressed and difficult mood. Those strange and aloof lines are basically the lost soul turned into a brush and moved on the painting paper.How many people fall in love with this, but who can show this kind of aloof temperament - the real feeling is irreplaceable!
"Truth" is always associated with sincerity, true feelings, truth, authentic works and true meaning. Literally speaking, truth is consistent with the objective facts and is not false. Therefore, ordinary people understand the truth in painting as "extremely like".This fact is a misunderstanding, at least a hundred. What I want to say is that "truth" does not mean concrete, which is too narrow.The "truth" in painting means that each artist has his own personality, which will bring about differences in observation, understanding and style.Only those who are loyal to their own feelings, do not affectate, and do not deliberately imitate, are true.
We find that the more authentic and personal, the more difficult it is to be imitated by others.
Rodin said: "Some people think that sketch itself is beautiful, but they do not know that sketch is beautiful because of the truth and sense expressed, and this" truth "is not only to reproduce nature by direct or analogy, or just to delight people's senses.In my opinion, the great honor of sketch lies in its ability to help human beings understand the outside world and themselves. It appears in front of human eyes for years, and it can understand or believe what is true.The visual effect of sketch comes from "reality".
Some people praise Raphael's sketches, but what should be praised is not only the symmetrical lines drawn with more or less techniques.The reason why Raphael's sketch is valuable is that he sees with his own eyes, expresses the brightness and quietness of his soul with his own hands, and shows his love for the whole nature from his heart.Because of this, those symmetrical, beautiful and rhythmic lines are also the natural expression of the heart.Only they can express Raphael's spirit, and only Raphael's intention can make these lines unique.
Another example is Michelangelo's sketch.What can be praised is not only the line itself, but also the bold perspective reduction and intensive dissection, and more importantly, the despairing power of the giant like thunder.How ridiculous it is to imitate Michelangelo without his soul and just copy the half bow pillar like posture and tense muscles.
The plastic arts convey feelings by shape, convey feelings by shape, and convey feelings by artistic image imperceptibly, so as to infect the audience and achieve emotional transfer.The appeal of works works through the aesthetic pleasure that the viewer obtains from the works. Without aesthetic pleasure, it is impossible to have artistic appeal, thus losing the influence of works of art on the psychological integration of viewers.In my opinion, to make the works have artistic appeal, to make the sketch have a striking visual effect, and to pay attention to the transmission of real feelings is the premise.
script writing
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On the Similarities and Differences between Auditory Art and Visual Art
Although radio plays and movies, TV plays and stage plays (including dramas and operas) are both arts, as the name suggests, radio plays appeal to hearing while movies, TV plays and stage plays appeal to vision.Therefore, radio drama is called the art of sound, that is, the art of hearing;Movies, stage plays and teleplays are called "independently portraying vivid pictures of life" and "the art of combining time and space" (Wang Liu's Film Scripting P1 and P53, published by Beijing Broadcasting Academy Press), which is also the art of vision.Hearing and vision belong to the same sense. Although there are obvious differences between them, one is to touch human organs with sound;One is to touch human organs with visible things.However, there is also a certain inevitable connection between the two. "As the aesthetic imagination in literary creation is consistent, it is also applicable to script creation. No matter movies, TV dramas, and radio dramas have the same regularity, they cannot be separated from aesthetic imagination." (Zhu Baohe《The Art of Radio Playwriting》P53，China Radio and Television PressPublishing) As works of art, radio dramas, movies, TV dramas, and stage plays are all designed to touch people's senses, generate feelings, and achieve the goal of transmitting thoughts and feelings through people's thinking, so as to realize the enjoyment of beauty for the audience.
However, compared with auditory art, visual art has undeniable advantages. Because visual art provides the audience with colorful life pictures intuitively, vividly and vividly, it is more willing to be accepted by most audiences.The author calls this visual effect the effect of providing life pictures to the audience intuitively, vividly and vividly, so that the audience can concisely and conveniently produce aesthetic imagination.
Characteristics of radio drama
Visual effects are not only the characteristics of visual arts such as films, TV plays and stage plays, but also the characteristics of radio plays.
In order to explain this problem with sufficient reasons, we first use the words of famous people toMake an interpretation。Gorky said that literature is human science."The center of drama art is people. The development of the theme and story of any play must be based on the characters and reflected by the characters.".”"Imagination is the power to transform real things into beautiful objects. Imagination is the link and lever of creation. Artistic creation needs imagination as important as birds need wings." (Zhu Baohe《The Art of Radio Playwriting》P43，China Radio and Television PressThere are 17 media materials for film, 12 for drama, and only 3 for radio drama. Whether it is film, drama, or radio, the same three are dialogue, sound effects, and musicManifestationThey all appear in the face of sound. "(Ibid. P99) "Aristotle did not regard action as a characteristic of script structure, but as a basic element of structure" (John Howard Lawson, USA)《Drama Theory and Skills of Drama and Film》P214，China Film Press1978) "What we hear and see is only the body movements that must be judged by vision and hearing." (Same as P216 above)
Without further quotation, we can at least confirm the following points from the above celebrity's statements: 1. The center of drama art is people, and the center of radio drama is also people;2. Radio plays, movies, TV plays and stage plays belong to the same category of dramatic art. Dramatic art is the art of imagination, and radio plays are also the art of imagination;3. Is action the basic element of script structure?And we must use hearing and vision to judge physical actions;4. Although there are only three media materials that can be represented by radio dramas, they are all shared with television and dramas."Radio drama andTelevision ArtThe biggest difference is to stimulate the audience's imagination through sound. "
Movies, TV plays and dramas use a variety of performance media to directly provide the audience with intuitive pictures through the screen, TV screen or stage, so that the audience can intuitively see the whole story development;However, the radio drama uses sound art to provide the audience with indirect pictures through their imagination, so that the audience can "see" the development of the story.What artists want to achieve is surprisingly consistent.This is the same way.
Audience effect
A radio play that cannot be transformed from the audience's auditory effect into visual effect through the audience's rich imagination cannot be regarded as a good work.
As we said earlier, although radio drama is the art of hearing, its purpose is the same as that of movies, TV dramas and stage plays. It is to make the audience perform artistic aesthetic modeling and convey thoughts and feelings to the audience through the artistic appeal of works of art."The biggest difference between radio dramas and visual arts is that they stimulate the audience's imagination through sound. Not only the characters' language, psychological activities and feelings should be expressed by sound, but also the characters' actions, expressions, environment and related objects.This kind of voice image is not the final artistic image. Only through the audience's imagination can it form the final artistic image in the audience's mind. "(Zhu Baohe《The Art of Radio Playwriting》P44，China Radio and Television PressThe artistic image created by sound, as Mr. Zhu Baohe said here, is understood by the author as visual effect.The Goethe Talkbook records a saying: "A script written on paper is nothing.The poet must understand the means he uses to carry out his work, and must write the characters in the play to be fully adapted to the actors who play them... A person who writes a script for the stage must be knowledgeable and talented, both of which are invaluable. If they are not combined, it will be difficult to achieve good results. "(Quoted from Gu Chunfang's Drama Symphony P248,Fudan University Press 1998 Edition).Although Goethe is talking about the creation of drama scripts here, this principle also applies to the creation of literary scripts of radio dramas.
Shanghai People's Broadcasting StationThe recorded radio series Cohesion is a good example (this radio play won the award of 1996China Radio Drama AwardFirst prize of the series.).Cohesion has shaped the image of an excellent grass-roots party cadre through the touching story of Zhou Xiaodong, the secretary of the street party working committee, who cared about and helped the poor elderly in the community.At the beginning of the script, Chen Xiaomei, a poverty-stricken family, mistook Zhou Xiaodong, the newly appointed secretary of the street party working committee, who was investigating at the vegetable market, for the thief who stole her wallet, and delivered him to the street. Fang Juan, a street cadre who did not know the truth, sat down at the desk that would belong to Zhou Xiaodong and "interrogated" Zhou Xiaodong.At the beginning of the play, it is a scene with strong action.This scene is composed of three pictures: 1. Chen Xiaomei comes with Zhou Xiaodong, Fang Juan opens the office, and the three enter the office;2. Fang Juan "interrogated" Zhou Xiaodong;3. Chen Xiaomei found that she had wronged a good person and fled.Zhou Xiaodong asks Fang Juan about the situation.The second scene, though only Chen Xiaomei and her husband, is very convincing:
The sound of rushing water.
Chen Xiaomei: (mumbling while washing dishes) Confused... How can I wronged Secretary Zhou
Dangdang recorded two small gongs.
Chen Xiaomei: Come here... What do you want, old man?
Li Akang: (feebly) Water, turn down the tap
Chen Xiaomei: OK, I'll turn it down right away
The sound of the water is low.
The bowl was broken, and Chen Xiaomei was deeply distressed.
Dang, dang, and two broken gongs.
Chen Xiaomei: Come, come... What's wrong with you? You keep calling me. You can't let me settle down for a while.
Li Akang: What's the matter with you today, old woman? I think you are upset when you come back from the vegetable market.
Chen Xiaomei: Old man, I'm in trouble!
In this scene, there is only one scene. We can imagine that Chen Xiaomei is standing at the tap sink at the door, washing dishes, while her husband Li Akang is lying in bed because of paralysis.Chen Xiaomei wronged the Secretary of the Street Party Working Committee and was upset.Although the content here is very rich, there is only one picture.The picture of Chen Xiaomei washing dishes and chopsticks is real, but the picture of Li Akang lying on the bed ringing the bell is virtual.Li Akang's voice was heard.Chen Xiaomei was washing dishes when she heard Li Akang break the gong, and Chen Xiaomei broke the rice bowl.There are three kinds of sounds: the sound of running water, the sound of breaking gongs, and the sound of breaking bowls.These three voices produce three visual effects through the audience's image thinking.It was through these three voices that we "saw" a series of movements and expressions of Chen Xiaomei.The effect it produces is like watching a TV play.
Picture art
Visual art, to a certain extent, is also the art of pictures.
"Film and television script is the basis of film and television drama. Although the 'screen or screen image' in the hands of film and television writers is still in the stage of using words, it can 'independently depict a vivid picture of life'. The so-called 'independent' means that it will be suitable to be reflected on the screen or screen in the future. It is a script that uses unique pictures to construct images."(Film Scripture by Wang Liu P1, published by Beijing Broadcasting Academy Press) From this discussion of Mr. Wang Liu, we can understand that when writing screenplays, film and television writers should first have a sense of picture, and use the art of picture to create.Radio playwrights should learn the skills of this kind of picture art.
Generally speaking, there are two types of pictures we see on the screen or TV screen: 1. dynamic pictures;2. Static picture.If we regard the environment as the object and the human as the subject to distinguish between static and dynamic, it will be much easier.When the environment is still and people move in a specific environment, we call it a static picture;If people are moving and the environment is also moving, we call it a dynamic picture.Of course, if we set the picture a little more complex, as a screenwriter, we should also have a sense of scene.The pictures in the film and television play can be divided into panorama, mid shot, close shot and close-up scenes.
Fujian People's Broadcasting StationAt the end of the fourth episode of the recorded radio drama Swan Feast, the screenwriter Liu Kangda used panoramic pictures:
In the mountains, the imperial guards shouted one after another: "The emperor invites Lord Mei -" "Where are you, Lord Mei - come out quickly -" "The emperor invites Lord Mei -"
The cry echoed in the valley, echoing with the echo of the distant mountains
Activating the Audience's Thinking in Image with Sound
The key to transforming the auditory effect into the visual effect is to activate the audience's image thinking with sound (language, music, sound).
Hu Peifen, a famous radio drama director, said when introducing his experience in creating the radio drama "Flying over the Yellow River", "We recorded the cheers of the masses after successfully flying over the Yellow River. Together with the low noise and the background sound of the scene, the three voices became the current" warm cheers ". There was no cheers at all.After Ke Shouliang's flying car fell into the carton, people were concerned about Ke's life and death. Almost no applause was heard at the scene, and they quietly waited for Ke Shouliang to climb out of the carton.If this kind of "quiet" is copied into radio dramas, it will definitely not work. "It is conceivable how difficult it is to transform these three kinds of performance materials into pictures in the minds of the audience.This is a typical example.The author uses a very popular word in modern times to call this transformation "activation".
This kind of activation is divided into three forms.
1. Single form.It means that only one of the three performance materials is used to activate the audience's image thinking.In the first episode of the radio drama "Diary of People's Feelings", there is a scene like this: Xiao Zhou, the female secretary of the town office, and Xin Zhendong, the secretary of the town party committee, go to visit Grandma Gu who lives on a high mountain more than 1000 meters high. When Xiao Zhou climbs the top of the mountain and approaches Grandma Gu's house, he says, "How high the mountain is!" No sound?There was no music, but a picture of mountains appeared in front of the audience.The words are simple and effective.We originally wanted to describe the height of the mountain through Xiao Zhou's mouth, but it was too cumbersome.In other radio dramas, there are many successful examples of using other performance media, such as sound and music, to activate the audience's image thinking.
2. Dual form.It refers to the mixed use of two performance materials.In the example we mentioned earlier, Chen Xiaomei and her husband Li Akang used this form of dialogue.From the script, only the dialogue between Chen Xiaomei and Li Akang, the sound of running water, the sound of breaking rice bowls and the sound of breaking gongs are heard.But this is enough to let our audience "see" a very dynamic picture.
3. Mixed form.This form refers to the mixed use of three performance materials.In the example of Flying Over the Yellow River cited by Director Hu Peifen earlier, it is a typical example of this mixed form.Cheering voices, nervous music?There is also the friction sound generated when the car flies over the space and the sound generated when it falls into the carton.This picture, which is composed of language, sound and music, is no inferior to the picture provided by TV dramas.
Literary works reflect the objective world, but there are often two types of objects in the objective world, namely, moving and static.In the movement of objects, we should do our best to use language, sound and music to fully reflect the nature of its movement.For objects at rest, we should also use the descriptive functions of language, sound and music to give the audience an angular feeling and activate their thinking and imagination space.
After the radio script writer completes the literary script, the next step is the second creation of directors, actors and other personnel.Of course, the playwright can't take over the job. It should be the work of the director and actor, but also the work of the screenwriter.However, screenwriters should not give up their efforts to seek the best form of script creation because of the second creation of directors and other personnel.What the literary script should think of for directors, actors and other personnel should also be thought of.
