Armored vehicles, all kinds of tracked or wheeled military vehicles with armored protection, are collectively called armored military or police vehicles.TankIt is also an armored vehicle, which belongs to a kind of tracked armored vehicle. But it is usually classified separately for the purpose of combat, and armored vehicles mostly refer to vehicles with weaker protection and firepower than tanks.
Armored vehicles are characterized by high off-road mobility and certain protection and firepower functions. They are divided into crawler type and wheel type. Generally, they are equipped with one or two small and medium-sized guns and several machine guns. Some are also equipped withAntitank missileThe structure is composed of armored car body, weapon system, power unit, etc.
Chinese name
Armored car
Foreign name
armor vehicle
Classification
Troop carrier, reconnaissance vehicle, command vehicle, communication vehicle, rescue vehicle
In order to enhance protection and facilitate members to get off the vehicle for battle, the front power unit scheme is often adopted.
With the birth of tanks, armored vehicles with weak firepower, protection and cross-country ability lost their position in providing firepower support for infantry on the battlefield, so they turned to other uses for development.The tank is also a kind of armored vehicle, but it is usually classified separately for the purpose of combat. The armored vehicle mostly refers to the vehicle with weaker protection and firepower than the tank.
According to the use, it can be divided intoInfantry fighting vehicleandarmored carrier。Armored transport vehicles provide armored protection for infantry and combat materials (usually without heavy weapons);Infantry fighting vehicles support infantry fighting. Infantry fighting vehicles can also carry units, but their carrying capacity is greatly reduced.
Vehicle classification
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Infantry fighting vehicle
Infantry fighting vehicle and armored carrier have similar functions, both of which are armored vehicles used to transport infantry for mobile operations. The difference between the two is that the infantry fighting vehicle is more like a vehicle capable of carrying troopsLight tankInstead of armored vehicles with only a few machine guns.
Infantry fighting vehicle
Armored personnel carrier
Armored carrier, also called armored personnel carrier, is an armored vehicle that transports infantry on the battlefield. It is generally characterized by high speed, low protection and combat effectiveness.In addition to transporting infantry, armored transporters can also transport materials or supplies, temporarily acting asArmored supply vehicle。
Armored personnel carrier
Armored reconnaissance vehicle
Armored reconnaissance vehicleThe armored vehicle equipped with reconnaissance equipment is faster, but the armor is weaker than other armored vehicles. It is mainly used forbattle zone reconnaissanceGenerally, it can be divided into wheel type and crawler type.The famous armored reconnaissance vehicles are: GermanFox light armored reconnaissance vehicleSM armored reconnaissance vehicle, French VBC90 reconnaissance vehicle, etc.
China's new wheeled armored reconnaissance vehicle
Armored command vehicle
Armored command vehicleIt is a mobile command post with armored protection, providing the commander to coordinate with the supporting staff and other personnel on matters related to the force.
The armored command vehicle is an architecture derived from the early mobile command post based on trucks or trailers. It is intended to provide the command unit with rapid movement, continuous command of the situation, command and provide some protection.Most armoured command vehicles are modified from armoured transport vehicles to expand the internal space to accommodate additional personnel, communication equipment and other equipment.After arriving at the predetermined command location, some armored command vehicles have additional roofs that can extend out of the vehicle to further expand the space for personnel.
07 wheeled armored command vehicle
Armored communication vehicle
Armored communication vehicleIt is an armored vehicle equipped with communication equipment. There are two common designs. One is to combine the communication equipment with the armored command vehicle, so it is not a simple communication vehicle;The other is used as an active transfer station for ground communication to extendradio communicationOr to overcome the terrain's masking effect on communication and strengthen the communication and information exchange between ground units.
Few national armies are equipped with pure armored communication vehicles, but many countries are equipped with communication vehicles modified from general transport vehicles to support the communication needs of ground forces.
WZ-721 armored communication vehicle
Armored ambulance
Armored ambulanceIn general, armored vehicles that carry out personnel rescue in the battlefield environment are only equipped with one or two machine guns as self-defense weapons, with weak protection.It is mainly used to rescue people and transport the seriously injured to the rear.
Armored ambulance
Armored mine sweeping vehicle
Armored mine sweeping vehicleArmored vehicles equipped with mine clearance devices are used to assist ground forces to speed up through the mine area.Armored mine sweeping vehicles can be specially designed to clear mines, or the removal tools can be attached to the chassis of general purpose tanks.Both wheel and crawler minesweepers can be found in the forces of different countries.
The armoured mine sweeping vehicle is not used to clear the whole discovered mine area, but to clear one or more safe passages from the mine area to provide safe passage for ground troops and vehicles.The cleared mines may be detonated in the process or otherwise disposed of after being moved to a safe place.
In the process of clearing, the mine sweeping vehicle may touch or detonate other undiscovered mines or explosives, so the protection of the chassis and the bottom of the vehicle itself needs to be particularly strengthened to avoid being paralyzed by mines or explosives and unable to complete the task of clearing.
Armored mine sweeping vehicle
Armored bridge erecting vehicle
Armored bridge erecting vehicleArmored vehicles equipped with vehicle bridges and their erection and withdrawal devices are mainly used for rapid bridge erection to enable troops to pass through rivers quickly. They are generally equipped withEngineering unit。
Armored bridge vehicles can be modified from the chassis of ordinary tanks or self-propelled guns, and some will retain machine guns for defense purposes.
Armored bridge erecting vehicle
Police armoured vehicle
When demonstrations and protests turn into uncontrollable riots or mass violence, the police sometimes send out police armored vehicles to control the scene.Generally havewater cannonThe windows are specially manufactured and are not easy to break.Most local police have armored vehicles to prevent riots.
Armored recovery vehicle
Armored recovery vehicle, a vehicle that recovers and repairs damaged or unpowered armored vehicles on the battlefield.
Most armored recovery vehicles are refitted from tank chassis.Armored recovery vehicles converted from tanks mainly repair tanks of the same weight, but alsoArmoured combat vehicle(Most of them are armored transporters) are refitted as maintenance vehicles of the same level.
This vehicle can not only carry out rescue traction, but also complete basic repair tasks.
Chinese Army Armored Repair Vehicle
Historical evolution
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be born
In 1855, British J. Cohen installed machine guns and armor on the chassis of the steam tractor to make a wheeled armored vehicle, and obtainedpatent rightHowever, this kind of armored vehicle failed to be applied in practice.
In 1899, Sims, an Englishman, installed armor and a machine gun on a four-wheel vehicle.In 1900, BritainArmored carInvested inSouth AfricaOngoingAnglo-Boer War Medium.
World War I
the First World WarAt the end of the period, Britain was the first to develop tracked and wheeled armored transporters.The vehicle has light armor and a machine gun, which can carry 20 soldiers.Although the armor on the vehicle can protect the soldiers in the vehicle from bullets, the infantry who are accustomed to dismounting still call the first batch of armored transport vehicles "sardines can" and "coffins with wheels".
In August 1918, a chariot battalion of the Seventh Group Army of the British Army used armored transporters in Wolfsey for the first time, and 12 armored transporters spat out fire tongues and attacked the enemy,the German armyThe officers and soldiers fled in panic.The British soldiers jumped out of the car and occupied the German positions. Other countries' armies also discovered the military value of the armored transporter.
World War II
At the beginning of the Second World War, the German army was the first to use a large number of armored transporters, and achieved certain results in the war.The use of armored transporters has significantly improved the mobile combat capability of infantry, and because infantry can ride with tanks to attack, it has also improved the attack power of tanks.
Contemporary
After the Second World War, armored transporters have developed rapidly. Many countries regard the number of armored transporters as one of the symbols to measure the mechanization and armorization of the army.
Since the infantry fighting vehicle has truly realized the infantry mounted combat and has certain anti armor target capability, the armor of the fighting vehicle can usually prevent small caliber shells and shell fragments, and can better cooperate with the tank. Its performance is significantly improved than that of the armored carrier, so it has basically or partially replaced the status of the armored carrier in the army of many advanced countries.
development direction
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The first is to develop armored transport vehicles to provide armored protection for infantry and combat materials;Second, light armored vehicles for special purposes, such as armored command vehicles and armored reconnaissance vehicles, are developed by taking advantage of their portability and flexibility;Third, it is used to suppress urban mass uprisings and deal with lack ofAnti armor weaponOfguerrilla detachment。
