Chlamydia is a group of tiny, non mobile microorganisms that grow exclusively in cells.Chlamydia can be divided into 4 kinds, namely Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia bovis.
Chlamydia is a gram-negative pathogen. It is a kind of prokaryotic microorganism that can parasitize in cells through bacterial filters and has a unique development cycle.Chlamydia is a kind of organism smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. It is a specialized intracellular parasitic pathogen similar to bacteria and viruses, and has a two-phase life cycle.It does not have the ability to synthesize high-energy compounds ATP and GTP, and must be provided by the host cell, so it becomes an energy parasite, mostly spherical and heap shaped, with cell wall and cell membrane, belonging to prokaryotic cells, and generally parasitic in animal cells.It can be divided into trachoma, pneumonia, parrots and domestic animals.
Chlamydia pneumoniae is considered to be the common cause of pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory infections;Chlamydia bovis only exists in cattle and sheep;Chlamydia psittaci can cause psittaci fever, which is caused by human inhalation of dry dust particles from the feces of infected birds. The onset of the disease often includes high fever, headache, muscle pain, shivering and upper and lower respiratory tract discomfort. Some patients can be complicated with encephalitis, myocarditis or thrombophlebitis.In addition to causing trachoma, chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as one of the sources of sexually transmitted diseases.In non gonococcal urethritis, almost half is caused by chlamydia trachomatis infection.It can also cause urethral syndrome and venereal lymphogranuloma, male urethritis, epididymitis, female infertility, cervicitis, pelvic inflammation, etc.Neonatal infection through the birth canal can cause neonatal ophthalmia or neonatal pneumonia.Chlamydia trachomatis can also cause adult pneumonia, which is also harmful to pregnant women, and can cause ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, chorioamnionitis, premature delivery, etc.
Route of transmission
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1. Sexual transmission
Sexual transmission is a manifestation of direct transmission and a common cause of chlamydia infection. If you do not pay attention to hygiene in sexual life, or have too many sexual partners, or have too frequent sexual life, it is easy to cause chlamydia infection, and it is also likely to infect other diseases. Therefore, you must ensure the health of sexual life and prohibit the existence of multiple sexual partners.
2. Indirect communication
There are many indirect transmission routes of chlamydia infection, such as sharing personal items such as towels and clothes with patients, using equipment used by patients, or sharing a swimming pool with patients, which may lead to chlamydia infection.Therefore, female friends must pay attention not to share personal belongings, and try not to contact with chlamydia infected patients, so as to reduce the chance of infection.
3. Vertical mother to child transmission
Maternal and infant chlamydia trachomatis infection can be through birth canal contact infection, intrauterine infection and puerperal infection, of which birth canal contact infection is more common.
Chlamydia detection
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Chlamydia infection can only be diagnosed after certain laboratory tests.Common inspection methods are chlamydia culture, direct fluorescent antibody detection, enzyme labeled immune reaction and molecular biology inspection, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase chain reaction (LCR).
1. Chlamydia culture
As Chlamydia trachomatis is parasitic in cells, it can only be cultured in tissues.The specificity of the culture method is good, but the sensitivity is low, the test is more complex, and the cost is high. Generally, it is seldom used in clinical practice, and it is mostly used in research.
2. Direct fluorescent antibody detection
This is the most widely used detection method in the non culture method.This method is easy to operate and has good specificity, but it needs to be checked by an experienced examiner.
3. Enzyme labeled immune reaction
This is the most widely used detection method at present.The advantages of this method are fast and convenient.But sometimes the sensitivity is not high enough.
4. PCR and LCR
It is a molecular biological inspection method that magnifies the target DNA or RNA sequence with a limited number of samples by a million times, so as to greatly improve the sensitivity.This method has strict requirements for laboratories, and non-standard operation is prone to false images. Our country stipulates that this test must be carried out in qualified laboratories and approved by relevant national departments.
