Industry management refers to macroeconomic management and enterpriseMicroeconomyInter managementManagement levelIs also a way to adapt to socialized mass production andmarket economySociety in needEconomicsThe form of management is an integral part of the market economy system.
Specifically, it is an industry management system formed according to industry planning, industry organization, industry coordination and industry communication.This system includes two levels of industry management, namely, organizing industry associations to uniformly plan, coordinate, guide and communicate the production and operation activities of enterprises in the same industry and promote the development of the industry.
At the same time, we should plan, coordinate and guide all industries according to the development direction and objectives of key industries.The main body to realize such management is the industry association and relevant enterprise federation, and closely cooperate with the government departments.
Old extended concept
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△ The so-called industry management refers to the macro but effective management of the construction enterprise group formed by the local construction enterprises as the basic unit. Under the market economy condition, it is not subject to regionaldepartmentOpen management of border restrictions-----Building Economy, 1998, Xu Yulin
△ Industry management refers toMarket economy systemThe requirement of effective resource allocation is to implement indirect standardized management on the production and operation activities of enterprises in the industry through the implementation of national industrial policies, industrial regulations and industrial contracts in order to safeguard the interests of the industry------Financial Studies, 1995
△ Industry management refers to the professional and classified management of social and economic activities carried out by industry managers according to the principle of technological and economic identitysocialist market economyIn the process, the industrial economic systemdepartmentIt is a general trend to transform management into industry management------Economic and Trade Guide Bao Peisheng in 1997
New extended concept
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With the expansion of modern enterprises, large enterprises are emerging,business managementGroup and diversified operation;New changes have taken place in the management functions of various departments in the enterprise. The division of labor and cooperation between departments are becoming more and more detailed, and the content of department management is also enriched. The single management function of departments is gradually developing and approaching the level of industry management;Therefore, many large group enterprises use the term "industry management" to formulate unified management specifications for each department within the enterprise and issue industry management indicators.
management model
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At present, the management system reform of industry associations in various parts of the country has also produced three different models:“BeijingMode "“AnshanMode "“GuangdongMode ".
It is self-evident that industry associations play an important role in promoting the development of their own industries, and the ongoing reform of "small government, large society" in China also requires that industry associations become increasingly perfect and mature, and have the ability to undertake various functions transferred by the government.
Because of this, the development and reform of industry associations have always attracted the attention of many experts and scholarsNational School of AdministrationAt the "China Social Organization Forum (2010)" held by Tsinghua University and other departments,North China Electric Power UniversityZhu Xiaohong, an associate professor, said that there were three modes of management system reform of industry associations in China, namely "Beijing mode", "Anshan mode" and "Guangdong mode".
Beijing mode
Zhu Xiaohong calls the "Beijing Model" a traditionDual management systemFine tuning of.The Beijing model began in 2000. Beijing has successively established industry associations, market intermediary development offices (hereinafter referred to as intermediary offices) and social work committees of the municipal party committee (hereinafter referred to as social offices), but what has real reform significance is2008Beijing has established the Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China Social Work Committee. The Social Work Committee and the Social Affairs Office provide guidance and comprehensive coordination for the construction and development of social organizations and the Party building of social organizations, and the civil affairs department conducts registration, supervision and management.
Anshan model
Anshan mode is mainly to establish“joint conferenceThe civil affairs department undertakes the daily work of the joint meeting, and is responsible for the establishment, change, cancellation of registration, annual inspection, supervision and inspection of the industry association. The Federation of Industry and Economy has become the competent department of the industry association, responsible for business guidance, daily supervision and management, etc.
"Such associations guide themanagement systemIt belongs to the new dual management system, and mainly undertakes the functions of all or part of the business competent units of industry associations through marginal government departments. "Zhu Xiaohong said.
Guangdong model
Compared with Beijing and Anshan, Guangdong Province has undoubtedly taken a bigger and further step in reform. In 2006, Guangdong took the lead in canceling the competent business units nationwide, and the civil affairs department exercises the rank andmanagement functions。
In short, Guangdong's approach is to abolish the competent business units and doublemanagement systemIt is a "unitary management system" in the true sense.
Each has advantages and disadvantages
Since there are three different models, which one has better effect and is more suitable for other local governments to learn from and promote nationwide?
In the "Beijing Model", the Social Work Committee has the corresponding administrative power and resources, which can promote the introduction and implementation of relevant laws and regulations, better coordinate the interests of all parties, and promote the development of industry associations.
Ma Qingyu, a professor of the National School of Administration, once participated in the preparation of the "Beijing model", but he did not hesitate to point out that the Beijing model does not conform to the general laws of management."There should be as few organizations to manage as possible, but there should be as many as the Social Work Committee," Ma said.
Zhu Xiaohong also said that the disadvantage of the "Beijing model" is that it increases the transaction costs of industry associations, and it takes time and practice to connect the functions of the social work committee and the civil affairs department. At the same time, this model also needs certainadministrative cost 。
In Anshan, compared with the original government departments, the Federation of Industrial Economics as the competent unit can avoid departmental interests and give the industry associations a more relaxed environment.However, the drawbacks also come from the Federation of Industrial Economics, whose actual functions and resources are limited, and it is difficult to effectively promote the development of industry associations. As a society, the Federation also has its own competent unit. At the same time, the "Association Guidance Association" also violates the principle of "equal status of the main body of social organizations".
Guangdong's reform in one step is conducive to the transformation of government functions. Trade associations have established an independent mechanism, but there are also drawbacks.The transfer of government functions did not achieve the goal of "transferring fees with events". After individual departments did not act as business guidance units, they "ignored" the industry associations, neither managed nor supported them.And Guangdong's reform will also be subject to the upper law《Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of Social Organizations》Limitations of.
Platform
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Be a "platform" instead of a "bottleneck"
becauseIndustry AssociationIn the special historical background of its birth, "the separation of government and council" has always been an issue that cannot be ignored in the development of industry associations in China, especially for the dual management system of industry associations.
It is precisely because of China's national conditions and the background of the dual management system.Zhu Xiaohong believes that the new dual management system is more in line with national conditions and is a feasible path choice at this stage."Only the social environment is mature and unitarymanagement model Only then has the application value. "Zhu Xiaohong said that the model of government intervention in the market has a deep history in China, and the industry associations are more closely linked with the government.
“social organizationOfManagement subjectIt should be a 'platform' rather than a 'bottleneck', it should be a 'link' rather than a 'bottleneck'‘Chain’It should be 'partner' rather than 'mother-in-law', and it should be 'service provider' rather than‘controller’。”Ma Qingyu, a professor of the National School of Administration, made such a suggestion to the management departments of social organizations.
