In the specific content standard of the course standard, the item corresponding to this section is "OverviewproteinStructure and function of ".To achieve this goal, the teaching process should focus on the biological perspective of structure and function adaptation. First, contact junior high school knowledge to guide students to tell what important functions proteins have, and then combine the main function examples of proteins in the teaching materials to carry out this part of learning.After understanding the diverse functions of proteins, focus on learning the structure of proteins.First, learn the basic unit of protein -amino acidAnd the process of protein formation from amino acids. Then, organize students to use the newly acquired knowledge to discuss synthetic proteins, understand the reasons for protein structural diversity in the process of discussion, and finally echo the view of "adaptation of structure and function" again to guide students to discover more profound knowledge in examples,Then return to the theme - protein is the main bearer of life activities.
According to the above understanding of textbook arrangement, the knowledge objectives of this section are:
1. Explain the structural characteristics of amino acids and the types of amino acids.
2. Summarize the structure and function of proteins.
3. Understand that protein is the main undertaker of life activities.
4. Pay attention to the new progress of protein research.
The capability objectives of this section are:
1. Try to build a stick model with a general formula of amino acid structure (imitation level).
2. Use a ball stick model to demonstrate the dehydration condensation process, and peptide chains form proteins with spatial structure (independent operation level).
3. Be able to use multimedia to collect relevant information and learn to identify, select, use and share information.
2. Recognize that protein is the main bearer of life activities.
3. To initially form a view that the structure and function of organisms, part and whole, diversity and commonness are unified.establishDialectical Materialist View of NatureAnd gradually form a scientific world view.
4. Know the value of biological science, be willing to learn biological science, and initially develop the scientific spirit and attitude of questioning, being realistic, innovative and brave in practice.
Protein Design - Teaching Design Ideas
Because students lack chemical knowledge about amino acids and proteins (especially the chemical bonds connecting atoms), and the molecular composition of cells is microscopic and abstract, attention should be paid to connecting students' life experience in teaching, using model simulation or diagrams to strengthen the intuition of teaching, and increase students' perceptual knowledge of microscopic content,Make students complete the learning of key and difficult knowledge in the process of actively acquiring knowledge, exercise their practical ability, improve their thinking ability, and form corresponding opinions.
Guide and review junior high school knowledge to create problem situations
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Functions of AC induced proteins
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Play an advertisement for shampoo
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Stimulate thinking about the relationship between protein and amino acid
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Learning of introducing amino acids and their types
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Student activity: observe the structural formula of four amino acids
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Discuss and summarize the general structural formula of amino acids
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Try to simulate the general structural formula of amino acids with the ball stick model
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Expand thinking on the structural characteristics and other properties of amino acids
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Lead to the learning of amino acid types
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Using strong data comparison, transition to how amino acids form proteins
Student activity: group cooperation attempt description
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Inspire and guide the completion of sidebar thinking, and discuss the spatial structure of peptide chain
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Schematic diagram of observing amino acid forming protein
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Analyze the structural hierarchy of proteins
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Introduce the process of synthetic protein
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Teachers and students discuss the process of artificial synthesis of bovine insulin
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Derive the reasons for protein diversity
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Summarize and evaluate the theme of regression
Protein Design - Teaching Implementation Process
Learning stage
Teacher organization and guidance
Student activities
Teaching intention
Problem guidance
Active knowledge acquisition
Process information, actively explore, and understand the application value of knowledge.
Clarify the relationship between structure and function to promote understanding
System summary
The teacher projected a product introduction of shampoo.Inspiration: What ingredients are contained in shampoo?Why can amino acids repair hair effectively?What are the main ingredients of hair mask?
The evaluation answer is to summarize that protein and amino acid are essential life substances for life activities.What is the relationship between them?
Amino acid is the basic unit of protein.
What are the characteristics of amino acids?
Display the structural formula of four amino acids (glycine, valine, alanine, leucine)
Guidance and inspiration:
Teacher organization and guidance
1. What are the basic elements of amino acids?
2. What are the structural similarities of the four amino acids?What are the differences?
Teachers should give necessary supplements and pay attention to the accuracy of language expression.
3. Try to write the general structural formula of amino acid molecule.
The teacher inspects the students' writing situation, inspires students to find problems by comparing the writing situation with the textbook, and emphasizes the different writing methods of the general structure.
Guide students to deepen their understanding of the amino acid structure through the baton model, especially to form their understanding of the spatial structure: (by understanding the spatial structure of proteins, pave the way for the next step of understanding the spatial structure of peptide chains)
Orange ball: hydrogen atom
Black ball: carbon atom
Green ball: oxygen atom
Blue ball: nitrogen atom
Small iron bar: chemical bond
Spring rod: carbon oxygen double bond
(Requirement) Assemble a glycine or alanine
In depth discussion:
1. What is the side chain group of glycine we inserted?
2. How does the difference of R group determine the difference of amino acid types?Try to use model transformation (to be completed after class)
3. Can R base contain - NH2 or - COOH?
Courseware shows special amino acids
Lysine (containing - NH2)
Aspartate (containing - COOH)
Inspiration and guidance:
There are only 20 kinds of amino acids that make up proteins in organisms, and it is estimated that there are 1010~1012 kinds of proteins in the biological world.
How do amino acids form proteins?
According to the cognitive law from part to whole,
First guide: dehydration and condensation of two identical or different amino acid molecules
Discussion:
1. What is the general process of amino acid forming protein?
3. How many molecules of water are lost when three amino acids are dehydrated and condensed?
4. N amino acid dehydration condensation reaction?
demonstration:
The process of dehydration and condensation of amino acid molecules to form two chains
1. Take a rope with two ends fastened with different colors to represent a polypeptide chain
2. Take a pair of scissors and cut it from the middle to show the peptide bond is broken
Thinking: What modifications need to be made after the peptide bond breaks to form two complete polypeptide chains?
Evaluate students' answers, summarize them, and organize and guide teachers
Guide students to observe:
"Schematic diagram of amino acid forming protein"
Complete "Thinking and Discussion"
Using the materials about synthetic proteins collected before class, contact the scientists in this book for interviews:
1. If you are a ChineseSynthetic bovine insulinMembers of the scientific research leading group, what do you think should be done first to avoid less detours?
2. What kind of scheme is designed to be more scientific and reasonable?(The scheme should be reasonable)
3. If artificialBovine insulinWhat aspects of analysis should you do if the expected results are not achieved?
Evaluate students' answers and summarizeprotein structureFour reasons for diversity.
Guide students to think again about the biological viewpoint of how to reflect the adaptation of structure and function in the example of protein function.
Discussion:
1. Can you supplement the function of protein?
2. What is the significance of studying the function of proteins?
Teacher organization and guidance.
Show the knowledge concept map.
In this lesson, we should understand the process of amino acid forming protein and the reasons for the diversity of protein structure and function.
Thinking answer: Many proteins are important substances that constitute the structure of cells and organisms. They are called structural proteins. For example, the components of feathers, muscles and hair are mainly proteins.
Think and answer: C, H, O, N, etc.
Observe the comparison and try to describe it in words.
Listen and work together in groups.
Summarize the characteristics of amino acids in spatial structure.
Students think and answer:
1. The side chain group of glycine is hydrogen group
2. Students' preliminary thinking
3. The R base can contain - NH2 or - COOH, further understanding that "each amino acid molecule contains at least one - NH2 and - COOH"
Get information, think actively, and experience what information is contained in the huge digital difference.
Observe the "Schematic Diagram of Amino Acid Dehydration and Condensation", read the text and diagram of the process of amino acid dehydration and condensation, discuss and communicate in groups, and try to use the model in hand to simulate this process.
Describe according to the model.
Think and answer.
The formula is summarized as follows:
The number of peptide bonds formed (the number of water molecules removed)=the number of amino acid molecules - the number of peptide chains.
Actively participate in communication and expression, better understand the process of amino acid protein formation, and use the learned knowledge to solve practical problems.
1. Integrate data and information, and be able to say several key steps.
2. The scheme should conform to biological principles, and the syntheticBovine insulinTo verify its activity.
3. One amino acid molecule is missing when synthesizing polypeptide chain.
When synthesizing polypeptide chain, the connecting order of amino acids was wrong.
The polypeptide chain was not synthesized in strict accordance with the specified 17 amino acids.
It is not synthesized strictly according to the peptide chain folding method (meaning is right).
Students can answer the basic unit of protein - amino acid, the combination mode of amino acid molecule, the structural level of protein,protein structureThe reason of diversity and its relationship with protein functional diversity.
It can stimulate students' interest in learning, teach in fun, and provide good materials for the entry of knowledge points, paving the way for telling that amino acids are the basic unit of protein.
Considering that the word "basic unit" appears here, students may have some difficulties in accepting it, so direct teaching is adopted.
The teaching of this link belongs to the key and difficult points of this section, so as to cultivate students' ability to deal with information.Make them actively perceive the formation of knowledge.
Due to the limited chemical knowledge of students, the hands-on link will be more intuitive, break through learning difficulties, and further deepen the understanding of the relationship between disciplines.
Stimulate students' thinking, deepen their understanding of textbooks, and cultivate their ability to understand knowledge thoroughly.
Through strong digital comparison, students are inspired to find problems and put forward problems, and then solve problems.
Enjoy learning in practical operation.
The process of amino acid forming protein is inferred step by step from easy to difficult by inductive deductive method.
Use demonstration methods to break through the difficult points of this lesson.
Experience the happiness of role change, and examine the students' flexible use of the learned knowledge.
It emphasizes the process of scientific development and penetrates the education of scientific methods and scientific spirit.
Return to the theme and clarify that protein is the main undertaker of life activities.
Stimulate students' interest in scientific and technological frontier research.
Through summary, students can get the basic understanding that protein is the main bearer of life activities
scientific research
Announce
edit
In 2022, a team of biologists from the University of Washington School of Medicine designed a new algorithm for generating amino acid sequences, called ProteinMPNN, which runs for about one second and does not need expert customization.This research achievement in protein design was published inScience.[1]
