Montreal

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Montreal (French: Montr é al, English: Montreal), also known as Mandike, is located in Canada Quebec southwest St. Lawrence River In Montreal Island And the surrounding islands Canada Quebec The economic center and main port of the province are also the largest cities in the province.^[1]

Montreal has a population of about 4.1 million (2016) and an area of 4259 square kilometers, making it the second largest city in Canada. The word "Montreal" comes from Middle French "Mont Royal", which means "Royal Hill", is a landmark in the center of Montreal City Royal Hill This is the name.^[1]

Montreal is Canada One of the most important economic centers. In 2013, the city's GDP reached US $189.3 billion, which is mainly due to Montreal's developed aviation, finance, design and film industries.

In 2006, Montreal was UNESCO "City of Design".^[2] In 2017, Montreal was rated as the world's best city to study abroad by the British Higher Education Survey.^[3]

Chinese name: Montreal
Foreign name: Montreal
Alias: Mandiko, North America Paris , City of Festivals
Administrative Region Category: city
Region: Canada Quebec
geographical position: Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River confluence
Area: 4259 km²
Area Code: 514，438
Postal Code: H

climatic conditions: Humid continental climate
population size: 4.1 million (2016)
Famous scenic spot: St. Lawrence River ， Notre Dame Cathedral ， Royal Hill
Airport: Montreal International Airport
train station: Central Railway Station
GDP: US $189.3 billion (2013)
Dialect: French ， English
Current Mayor: Gerald Trumbley
Famous universities: McGill University ， University of Montreal

catalog

▪ Mineral resources
five Population and nationality
six Politics
seven Economics
▪ overview
▪ primary industry
▪ the secondary industry
▪ the service sector; the tertiary industry
eight social undertakings
▪ education
▪ medical care

Historical evolution

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Montreal (2 sheets)

Came in France Quebec , dream building Second Empire Before, we lived here together Algonquin 、 Huron and Iroquois There are frequent conflicts. Jacques Cartier Is the first to arrive Montreal Island However, the first permanent settlement of European immigrants on the island was not established until 1642. Later, people named Mount Royal this place, and the name of the city probably originated from it. Montreal quickly became Iroquois The main market for fur trading. Before the peace treaty was signed in 1701, colonies were often attacked. With the rapid development of fur trade, Montreal has gradually become new French Empire A colonial base and commercial center.

However, the trouble in this place has never stopped. First of all, it is protracted French Indian War (1757-1763). The war became a turning point for France in its sphere of influence in North America, Britisher Captured in 1759 Quebec City , which also foreshadowed the eventual occupation of Montreal. And Montreal briefly became New France The capital of Machid Willi Anti British forces Amherst The general surrendered before returning to his original town identity.

Montreal, Canada (7 sheets)

The British occupation period was interrupted for seven months in 1775 because the United States captured the city of Montreal. After these accidents, a large number of Ireland and Scotland The influx of immigrants has turned Manshi into the second largest city in North America. But this development trend is not smooth. In 1837, the French uprising against British rule failed, followed by a series of exile and execution punishment. In 1867, Dominion of Canada Montreal has become the main seaport, railway hub, banking center and industrial production center of this new country.

Although Montreal's fur trade has been declining, by 1900, the expanding shipping industry and railways had made Montreal the commercial and cultural center of Canada. The immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe who came here to look for work created Montreal's diversified characteristics. With the development of Europe in the 20th century Israel Large inflow Ethnic inhabited areas It is also expanding. twice World War This trend continues, immigrants continue to pour in, the city expands rapidly, and even makes Montreal once a "crime city", of course, part of the reason is attributable to the United States prohibition order of alcoholic beverage 。 During the Prohibition era in the United States, Quebec It became a wine supply place for the whole continent, and the Morrison family became rich as a result. meanwhile, go whoring And gambling are protected by the authorities. With the transition from Montreal to a manufacturing center, the urban middle class has gradually emerged.

In 1911, the population of Montreal urban area reached 500000, and doubled in the flow of European immigrants in the next two decades. In the early 1950s, Montreal had a population of more than one million, and Jean Drapeau, the mayor, also began to plan for the future construction of Montreal.

In the early 1950s, Montreal had a population of more than one million. Jean Drapo, the new mayor of Montreal, formulated a series of plans to change the old look of the city: to build a new subway system and underground city, to expand the port of Montreal, and to widen the sea route of the St. Lawrence River. During this period, high-rise buildings competed to stand on the city, Mary City Square on the 43rd floor and Tour de la Bourse on the 47th floor. In addition, two museums were built, and the subway and several expressways were opened in 1966. Montreal has made brilliant achievements in urban cleaning and encouraging urban redevelopment, and successfully attracted more than 50 million tourists at the 1967 Montreal World Expo and the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, which has also greatly enhanced Montreal's international popularity.

In addition to the five years in the early 1960s, until the mid-1980s, Drapo was the mayor of Montreal who was loved by the public. For all that, Toronto Or catch up with Montreal and become Canada The economic center of Quebec Separatist activities dominated the political arena in Montreal in the 1960s. The resulting "silent revolution" finally won French Quebec people a greater voice in industry and politics, and established the dominant position of French in Quebec Province. In the 21st century, Montreal has become the second most populous city in the world Paris The second largest French speaking city.

Beautiful Night View of Montreal

administrative division

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Administrative divisions of Montreal

Montreal basically Boulevard Saint-Laurent As the central boundary, the east of the avenue is the east area, and the west is the west area. In 2002, Montreal implemented one island, one city, also known as the big city. In 2004, some suburban areas and the West Island English speaking District voted to restore their own cities, not subject to the jurisdiction of Montreal. But externally, all areas on the island are considered as Montreal, such as Cote Holy House When people introduce themselves to outsiders, they will say that they are from Montreal, not Cote Saint Luc. The downtown of Montreal is located in Maria City , connected to Royal Hill Park , next St. Lawrence River 。 There are more than ten in this area skyscraper (Montreal City Law stipulates that it shall not exceed Royal Hill Height).

Montreal

Montreal Language Regionalization:

Saint Lawrence (English area)

Southwest (French speaking)

Verdun (English area)

North Montreal (French speaking area)

Royal Hill Plateau (French speaking area)

Maria City (French speaking area)

Anjou (French speaking area)^[1]

geographical environment

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Location context

Montreal is located in Quebec North Korea southwest St. Lawrence River And Montreal river Confluent Montreal Island It covers an area of 4259 square kilometers. Montreal coordinates are 45 ° 30 'north latitude and 73 ° 35' west longitude^[4] 。 Montreal Island The Great Lakes To the throat of the Atlantic Seaway, the unique geographical location has created a developed maritime transport in Montreal.

topographic features

Montreal St. Lawrence River To the north are mountains and highlands. To the east of the city is the Gaspe Peninsula, and to the west is the St. Lawrence Lowland. There are also two mountains with higher altitude in Montreal, namely, Mount Montede Ibeville with an altitude of 1622 meters and Mount Jacquecatiere with an altitude of 1268 meters.^[1]

climate

How many are there in Montreal Climatic zone Therefore, the weather varies. The rainfall here is very rich, with an average annual rainfall of 897mm.

January is the coldest time of the year, with daily average temperature of - 10.4 ℃ and average minimum temperature of - 14.9 ℃. Therefore, the local weather forecast often Wind cooling Factors are taken into account. The hottest month of the year is July, with daily average temperature of 20.9 ℃ and daily average maximum temperature of 26.3 ℃. The lowest temperature recorded in history was - 37.8 ℃ on January 15, 1957. The highest temperature was 37.6 ℃ on August 1, 1975. Medium and high humidity climate is common in summer. The monthly rainfall in spring and autumn is between 55 and 94mm. There is a little snow in spring and autumn.

Montreal is located at the junction of several climate zones, so the weather is varied and the four seasons are distinct. According to Cobain climate classification, Montreal belongs to Humid continental climate 。 Summer is hot and humid, often exceeding 30 ℃, with an average high temperature of 26 ℃ and an average low temperature of 16 ℃.^[5]

Annual average climate data of Montreal
month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Heat index	thirteen point nine	fifteen point one	twenty-seven point two	thirty-five point one	forty-one point eight	forty-four	forty-six	forty-seven	forty-two point five	thirty-three point nine	twenty-six point one	eighteen point four
Extreme high temperature ℃	twelve point nine	twelve point four	twenty-six point seven	thirty-one point one	thirty-five point eight	thirty-six point one	thirty-six point seven	thirty-seven point eight	thirty-five point one	twenty-seven point eight	twenty-three point nine	sixteen point three
Average high temperature ℃	-5.8	-3.4	two point five	eleven point six	nineteen	twenty-four point one	twenty-six point five	twenty-five point three	twenty point four	twelve point seven	five point four	-2.3
Average temperature ℃	−10.3	−8.1	−2.3	six point three	thirteen point three	eighteen point five	twenty-one	nineteen point eight	fifteen	eight	one point five	-6.2
Average low temperature ℃	-14.8	-12.7	-7.0	one	seven point five	twelve point nine	fifteen point five	fourteen point three	nine point six	three point three	-2.4	-10.1
Extremely low temperature ℃	-35.6	-36.1	-30.6	-16.7	-5.6	-0.1	five	two point six	-3.0	-7.8	-21.7	-34.4
Precipitation mm	sixty-five point four	fifty-four point three	sixty-four point four	seventy-four point five	eighty point three	ninety-two point eight	ninety-one point nine	eighty-five point five	ninety point one	eighty-six point one	eighty-one point nine	seventy-six point four

hydrology

Montreal has more than 18000 square kilometers of fresh water, more than 450 rivers finally flow into the Atlantic Ocean, and tens of thousands of lakes, 30 of which have an area of more than 250 square kilometers, Mistasini Lake It is the largest natural lake in Montreal, and the Kania Pisco Reservoir is the largest inland water body in Montreal.^[1]

natural resources

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water resource

Montreal St. Lawrence River The water channel is 3769 kilometers long and can be reached from the Atlantic Ocean The Great Lakes river system.^[1]

plant resources

Montreal has abundant land and abundant forest resources. maple It is the largest number of trees in Montreal, because Maple leaf sugar Production, maple It is also the symbol of Montreal and Quebec for a long time. Other trees include white pine, red pine, hemlock and red oak.^[1]

Animal resources

Montreal has relatively few animal resources, only salmon, hedgehog, fox, Canada wild goose and other common species in North America.^[1]

Mineral resources

Mineral resources in Montreal mainly include iron ore, gold ore, nickel copper ore and gravel.^[1]

Population and nationality

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Montreal has a population of about 4.1 million (2016), with a population density of 4439 people/km2.

In the population of Montreal, children under 14 years old (about 619000 people) account for 18.06% of the total population, and the elderly over 65 years old (about 443000 people) account for 12.92% of the total population. About 13.55% of the population is Colored people 。

Montreal's ethnic groups include Ireland, Italy, Judea, Greece, Arabia, Asia, Latin America, Haiti and Portugal, and its residents come from almost all countries in the world. In 2016, the population of Chinese in Montreal was 82665, accounting for 5.1% of the total population.^[6]

(Population distribution of different nationalities in Montreal in 2016)

French	nine hundred and thirty-six thousand nine hundred and ninety	a german	seventy-eight thousand three hundred and fifteen	Polack	fifty-one thousand nine hundred and twenty
Italian	two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and forty-five	Indian	seventy-four thousand five hundred and sixty-five	portuguese	forty-six thousand five hundred and thirty-five
Irish	two hundred and sixteen thousand four hundred and ten	Quebec	seventy-two thousand four hundred and forty-five	East Indian	thirty-nine thousand three hundred and five
English	one hundred and forty-eight thousand and ninety-five	Israel	sixty-eight thousand four hundred and eighty-five	romanian	thirty-six thousand two hundred and seventy-five
scotsman	one hundred and nineteen thousand three hundred and sixty-five	Greek	sixty-one thousand seven hundred and seventy	Russians	thirty-five thousand and eight hundred
Haitians	eighty-five thousand seven hundred and eighty-five	Spanish	fifty-six thousand seven hundred and seventy	Vietnamese	thirty-five thousand and fifty
Chinese	eighty-two thousand six hundred and sixty-five	Lebanese	fifty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-five	Moroccan	thirty-three thousand two hundred and seventy

Politics

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Montreal City Hall

The urban governance of Montreal is to elect a mayor by the 24 member Montreal City Council through mutual selection, and the city's substantive authority is the central "National Capital Committee", whose jurisdiction includes fire control, medical care, police, parks, roads, public transport, sewer engineering, sewage treatment and solid waste treatment. As the capital of Canada, Montreal's political meaning far exceeds its actual function. Most cities are traditionally supported by the Liberal Party, but the capital is not controlled by the Liberal Party. This may also be because the region is relatively stable, especially Vannier. Montreal became the legislative capital based on the wave of constitutional countries in 1870 Alberta as well as Saskatchewan Later, it became the nominal capital in 1905. From 1905 to 1951, almost all the members of Parliament moved here. From 1951 to 1967, a new regional parliament was also established. It can also be said that in the long years from 1911 to 1967, Montreal gradually became the center of Canada and the seat of the government.

The highest official of the Montreal Municipal Government is the mayor, and City Committee Equal status. Current Mayor Gerald Trumbley , for Montreal Citizens United Party party member. although executive committee It has more rights, but the democratically elected city council is the government organ that makes the final decision. The city committee is composed of 73 members elected from all regions of the city. The Commission has many competencies, including public safety, agreements with other governments, subsidies, environment, urban planning and a three-year urban expenditure outline. The city council is also a necessary supervisory body to regulate or agree with the decisions of the district council.

Economics

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overview

Merge atlas (3 sheets)

Montreal's traditional industry is the main economic pillar of the city, with thousands of factories and enterprises, such as clothing, tobacco, food, textile and timber. Other industries, such as steel, rolling stock, machinery, chemistry, aircraft and electrical appliances, are also very advanced and developed.

primary industry

Montreal's agriculture is very developed, mainly producing wheat, barley, corn, fruits and vegetables. The wine output also ranks first in China. There are dairy and meat animal husbandry and poultry and egg industry. Mechanization is the main means for Montreal to improve agricultural productivity. Paris has basically realized agricultural mechanization, and agricultural productivity is very high. Agricultural food processing industry is one of the pillar industries in Paris to obtain surplus in foreign trade exports.

the secondary industry

Commerce is also one of the important economic sources of Montreal. Food sales are the most profitable. Supermarkets and chain stores are the most dynamic in a wide range of stores, accounting for almost half of all commercial activities.^[7]

the service sector; the tertiary industry

The service industry plays an important role in the economic and social life of Montreal. In 2016, the service industry output value of Montreal accounted for about 35% of the national total output value.

social undertakings

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education

Montreal has 11 higher education institutions, including 4 universities, many colleges and many private and public schools. People here are proud of its thriving academic environment. Of the 3.6 million people in Montreal, 670000 have received higher education, and 170000 students are enrolled in universities, including 17000 foreign students from 160 countries. The population density of college students ranks second among major cities in North America.

University of Montreal

University of Montreal Founded in 1878, it is the largest university in Quebec and the second largest university in Canada with two affiliated colleges of Montreal Institute of Technology and Modern Business School. The school has 55000 students, and each department issues about 10000 diplomas at all levels every year; 15 departments provide courses and training programs in almost all academic fields.

University of Quebec Montreal It was founded in 1969. The quality of teaching courses here is excellent, the research on social issues is outstanding, the creative arts are innovative, and the academic reputation is well-known overseas. The University provides on campus training in its four regional centers and distance training through its affiliated Distance Education University. The University of Quebec at Montreal has a school of management and six departments, providing about 300 courses and training programs at three levels.

McGill University

McGill University Founded in 1821, its 21 departments and vocational colleges provide more than 300 courses and training programs for education from undergraduate to doctoral level. McGill University is Canada's leading research-oriented university, renowned internationally for its academic achievements and scientific inventions. McGill University has attracted many well-known professors and researchers from more than 150 countries around the world, creating the most dynamic and diverse educational environment in North America. The school has nearly 23000 undergraduate students and 7000 graduate students.

Concordia University Founded in 1974, it was merged by Sir George Williams University and Loyola College, and is widely recognized for its strong teaching and research strength. Concordia University has two campuses, with 26000 undergraduates and nearly 5000 postgraduates. The school provides more than 180 course training projects, 63 research seats, 18 research centers and 11 research institutes. The school has established formal contacts with 89 institutions in 29 countries on five continents.

Mileston College Founded in 1946, it is the first aviation college in Canada and has gradually developed into a comprehensive bilingual university. Aviation once served as the only practical training base of McGill University.

Beautiful Montreal (49 sheets)

There are also six professional colleges in Montreal, which are: Montreal Polytechnic University , subordinate to University of Montreal ； Montreal Modern Business School , subordinate to University of Montreal ； High tech Research Institute , subordinate to University of Quebec ； National Academy of Sciences , subordinate to University of Quebec ； National School of Public Administration , subordinate to University of Quebec ； Distance Education University , subordinate to University of Quebec 。

Used in Montreal Quebec Unique education system: 6 years of primary school, 5 years of secondary school, 2 years of preparatory college, 3 or 4 years of university.

The public school system provides free quality education in English and French at the primary and secondary levels. Students at the higher education level in Montreal can enjoy the cheapest tuition in Canada, and can freely choose to enter 11 world-class colleges and universities.

The French universities in Montreal are: University of Montreal 、 Higher Business School of Montreal 、 University of Quebec Montreal and College of Advanced Technology Etc; English universities include: McGill University 、 Concordia University and Mileston College Etc.

medical care

Montreal's medical system is based on the principle of comprehensive coverage. All residents of Montreal can enjoy the public Medical system Free medical services provided. Foreign staff who settle in Montreal can also enjoy such services. Montreal residents can also enjoy“ Public prescription drug insurance scheme ”This is a government insurance plan that covers all basic prescription drugs. Since the implementation of the plan, all residents can obtain prescription drugs in a fair and reasonable way, regardless of their own economic situation.

facilities

Port of Montreal

Montreal has many world-famous museums, art galleries and exhibition centers. Numerous theaters, cinemas and international events provide world-class performances for theatre, music, dance and film lovers all year round. Montreal has become a leading cultural center in Canada and the world.

Bicycle lanes are set aside beside the main streets of Montreal, and BIXI bicycle rental points can be found at the main street corners. Only credit cards can be used for payment, and international credit cards can also be used. The minimum rental time is 24 hours, the cost is $5, and 72 hours is $12. You can also choose to rent bicycles for one month or one year, the price is $28 and $78, respectively. However, During the lease period, you need to prepay $250 from your credit card as a deposit for your vehicle.

Transportation

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aviation

Montreal Airport

Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Located about 20 kilometers from downtown Montreal Dover , the third largest airport in Canada in terms of passenger flow, has opened flights to and from Canadian cities and around the world. Air China From September 29, 2015, the direct flight route from Montreal to Beijing was officially operated, with three flights every week and 13.5 hours, and shared the airline code with Air Canada. from Air Canada A direct flight from Montreal to Shanghai was opened on February 16, 2017, with a daily flight of 14.5 hours. In addition, you can also transfer flights to Montreal via several countries or regions. It takes about 1 hour from Toronto to Montreal, about 5 hours from Vancouver to Montreal, and 6 to 7 hours from Switzerland Airlines, Netherlands Airlines and Air France to Montreal via Europe.

Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport It was put into use during World War II Montreal Dover International Airport In 2004, the Government of Canada appointed the former Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau Name the airport. Trudeau International Airport has complete facilities. In addition to the exchange office, restaurant and other facilities, the largest duty-free shop in North America is located in the airport.

There are many modes of transportation from the airport to downtown Montreal. The airport bus line 747, which shuttles between the downtown station and the airport, departs every 20 minutes. During peak hours in the daytime, the interval is less than 10 minutes. The whole journey takes half an hour to one hour. It operates 24 hours. The ticket is 10 Canadian dollars. Coins are only allowed to be inserted on the bus. You can buy a one day ticket of 10 Canadian dollars or a three-day ticket of 18 Canadian dollars at the airport ticket vending machine. The subway runs until 1:00 a.m., and the bus runs 24 hours a day. The fare for taking a taxi to the city center at the airport is about 35 Canadian dollars, and a tip of about 5 Canadian dollars is required.

About 40 passenger and cargo planes commute between Montreal and more than 115 destinations around the world. Montreal has two international airports, Pierre Elliot Trudeau International Airport and Mirabel International Airport 。 Pierre Elliot Trudeau International Airport yes Quebec Major airports serving passengers for domestic and international travel. Mirabel International Airport It is an industrial airport, providing a full range of freight services. The airport is open around the clock, providing flexible flight arrangements and sophisticated modern facilities and services for freight forwarders at competitive prices. In 2005, the passenger flow of the two airports exceeded 10 million and the cargo throughput reached 263000 tons.

Railway

The railway station in downtown Montreal is located at Fairmont Queen Elizabeth Nearby Central Railway Station , set up Canada Viavia Railway Trains. Canada Viavia Railway Its headquarters is located in Montreal. In addition, Amtrak It also operates shuttles between Montreal and New York Adirondack, a pair every day.^[8] Passengers in Albany and New York Other places can transfer to other American cities Amtrak Trains.

highway

The total length of roads in Quebec is more than 165000 kilometers, and its axis is parallel to the St. Lawrence River. The network system formed will Ontario And the highway system in the northeastern United States. Montreal is connected to all the major economic centers in North America and is only 45 minutes' drive from the US border.

The most frequently used port between Quebec and the United States is Lacolle Champlain Border crossings. Through this channel, you can directly go to New York, Philadelphia, Washington and other major cities in North America.

There are long-distance buses to major cities in Canada in Montreal, and there are 6 flights between Montreal and Toronto every day Express train , there is an express train between Montreal every hour, about 2 hours' drive, and Quebec City There is an express train every hour between, which takes about 3 hours.

water transport

Year-round Port of Montreal Low cost and high efficiency, serving Northern Europe mediterranean sea Central Canada, Midwest and Northeast markets of the United States are the shortest path to connect these markets, and are also far from North America industrial center The nearest international port.

As one of the most frequently used inland ports in the world, the Port of Montreal is also one of the main transit places for trans Atlantic transportation. In 2005, the cargo throughput exceeded 24 million tons. occupy North Atlantic 39.5% of the total transportation volume, even more than 35% Port of New York 。

Jacques Cartier Bridge

Montreal Port is located at 45 ° 28'30 "N, 73 ° 35'0" W, which is Canada An important trading port in the east. The port is generally located in St. Lawrence River Middle reaches and Montreal river Near the intersection. through Bell Island Strait 838 sea miles, 690 sea miles through Cabot Strait. The St. Lawrence River is connected to five major freshwater lakes St. Lawrence Bay , 960km long. After comprehensive renovation in the 1950s, the water depth of the whole line is more than 8.2 meters, and 10000 ton seagoing ships can directly reach the Five Great Lakes. Due to the regulation of the water volume of the Great Lakes, the water level of the channel is stable, and the annual freight volume is more than 40 million tons. The channel below Montreal Port has a water depth of more than 10.9 meters and can be reached by a seagoing ship with a draft of 10 meters. However, affected by the cold current in Labudor, the freezing period lasts from December to the first ten days of April of the next year, and it is not navigable. Montreal is Canada The largest transportation hub in the east, 139 nautical miles to Quebec Port, 1033 nautical miles to St. John's Port via Cabot Strait, 986 nautical miles to Halifax, and 3286 nautical miles to Cologne City, Panama via Windward Strait. Five railways converge here, reaching St. John's Port in the east, Halifax Port, Sanhe City in the north, Quebec Port in the south New York , Vancouver on the west bank of the mainland to the west. Starting from the upstream Victoria Bridge, the port area extends about 17 kilometers along the southwest and northeast of the west bank of the river, with more than 50 docks.

The main wharfs from the upstream to the downstream are: town port area, two south-north port basins in the south, 19 berths with water depth of 7.6-9.14 meters along the side, of which 7, 9 and 10 berths on the west side of Fengchejiao Wharf are used for loading and unloading grain, and 12 berths are used for vehicles to go up and down; There are three east extending jetties in the north, 16 deep-water berths with a depth of 8.8-10.6 meters. The 3rd and 5th berths in the south of Alexander jetty and the 14th berth of Jack Cartier are used for grain loading and unloading. The market port area is the quay along the north and south of Jack Catil Bridge, with 20 berths (No. 21-42 berths), and the water depth is 7.6-10.6 meters. Laurier, Talt and Sudeland jetties each have four berths with a water depth of 9.1-9.9 meters, which are used for coastal trade, bulk sugar and grain loading and unloading. Berths 48-56 are about 10m deep and mainly used for grain loading and unloading. Dry bulk cargo wharf, namely No. 57 and 58 berths, is 9.1 meters deep, and No. 71 and 72 berths are 10.6 meters deep. For the container terminal, there are 4 berths (59-62 berths) at Lachin Terminal, Cadillac Terminal, (66-68 berths, 70 berths), Butchville Terminal (73 berths, 74 berths), Tusk Terminal (78-80 berths), and Bickerdick Terminal, (87-88 berths), with the water depth of 9.1-10.6 meters. There are 20 oil tanker berths (94-110 berths). There are more than 120 berths including 14 container berths, most of which are deep-water berths.^[1]

metro

Montreal Metro It is relatively developed, with a total of four subway lines, namely, orange, yellow, green and blue, and 65 stops (Montreal authorities will soon extend the blue line, orange line and green line). Montreal has nearly 200 bus lines, including more than 20 night lines. The arrival time of Montreal bus is fixed. The station is usually pasted with a timetable and route map. There is also a free bus route map in the subway. It basically runs every 5 minutes, and there are more trains in rush hours.

Montreal Metro And buses are operated by STM, and the ticket price is uniform and universal. The second ticket can take the subway or bus in the same direction to the destination for unlimited times within 2 hours. One way ticket is $3.25, two time ticket is $6, and ten time ticket is $27. You can also purchase a 1-day ticket (24 hours) for $10, a 3-day ticket (3 natural days) for $18, and a monthly ticket for $83. Take the subway or bus for unlimited times during the ticket validity period. Students studying in Montreal can apply for an OPUS card with photos, and then purchase a monthly ticket of $49.75 to use it.

The subway station in Montreal provides free bus route maps and Montreal maps. It is recommended that newcomers take them with them when they receive them. When the Montreal bus is about to arrive at the station, you should press the red button on the handrail in the car to send a signal to the driver to get off. If there is no button, the driver will not stop. Montreal also has two light rail lines to the west and northwest suburbs.

There are nearly 5000 taxis in Montreal, which can take 4 people generally. The starting price of taxi is 2.25 Canadian dollars. Cash payment is required in Canadian dollars according to the regulations of Quebec Province. The meter is printed according to the distance, and international credit card can be used for payment.

Montreal has a subway system with 65 stations distributed in four lines of orange, green, blue and yellow, and two subway lines connecting the western and northwest suburbs.^[1]

Historical culture

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Montreal Gay Village

In 1608, the famous France Go!Explore When Samuel braved the wind and waves to search for new colonies in North America, he accidentally found a "gift of God", which is Quebec in eastern Canada. Samuel used the Indian word "KEBEC" to describe this rich land, which means "a place with narrow rivers". After Samuel, the French began to immigrate from the mainland to this place that became the largest province in Canada, and Quebec became the largest French community in the world outside France.

400 years later, today's Quebec Inheriting the unique and powerful culture of France, it has become the largest French cultural center in the world except France. Canada Montreal, the second largest city and seaport, is located in the fertile Delta St. Lawrence Lowlands. Montreal is not only Canada's largest seaport and financial, commercial and industrial center, but also the second largest French speaking city in the world.

The busiest street in the city center Rue Sainte-Catherine It is the largest commercial street in Canada. Opposite the river bank Notre Dame Held annually Formula One racing 。 There are also recreational facilities such as gambling cities and large amusement parks on the island Montreal Fireworks Festival It will be held here.

Montreal has 62 cinemas, large and small, showing films in English, French and other languages. And there are free movies almost every week.

Mengcheng has been known as the Temple of Art Art Square , built in 1963, is an art center consisting of a modern art museum, a grand theater, a concert hall and a studio. It is a place in Montreal for artists from all over the world and local artists to show their talents. The Modern Art Museum starts free exhibition at 6:00 p.m. every Wednesday, and a "weekend art tour" will be held at the art square on the last weekend in September every year.

The most striking one is the upcoming World Gay Olympic Games 。 Coincidentally, in April 2014, Montreal Tourism Bureau also launched a publicity campaign worth 23 million yuan, called“ Sexy Mengcheng ”, aiming to promote the sexy and romantic side of Montreal to tourists all over the world.

Major events supported by Montreal's municipal government include the Black and Blue Festival for Homosexuality Pride Parade And the Gay International Film Festival. The annual gay parade is the most grand event in Montreal. There are 450000 gay families taking to the streets to parade. When the parade is held, Montreal is full of people, and the scene is very spectacular. These homosexuals and homosexual family members dress up as "enchanting" and "charming" to show their values and sexual orientation to the public. Similarly, the annual Gay International Film Festival presents gay films from all over the world, and actors will attend the premiere and seminars, including many international Hollywood stars.

Special food

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Montreal is Canada One of the cities with distinctive dietary characteristics. Bacon Bagel And Puding are famous special snacks in Montreal. Cheese and chocolate candy with different flavors are the best snacks when shopping. Montreal, known as "Little Paris", has a feast dominated by authentic French cuisine. Montreal is not lacking Canada Food from other regions and even around the world, such as Vietnamese powder 、 Italian Pizza and British Steak Etc.

famous scenery

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Old Town

old montreal

There are various cultural activities and art carnivals in the streets of the old city of Montreal, attracting art lovers from all over the world. Every year, more than one million jazz fans flock to the city to enjoy the performances of more than 1000 famous bands from all over the world and Canadian local bands.

Chinatown

Montreal Chinatown

Montreal Chinatown It is a veritable Chinatown with four classical Chinese painted archways and four city gates in the east, west, north and south. Here, you can see Chinese shops, Chinese banners and Chinese everywhere. There are churches, temples, hospitals and other facilities built by the Chinese themselves, and even almost all Chinese goods and Chinese books and newspapers can be purchased here.

Notre Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame Basilica of Montreal

Notre Dame Cathedral in Montreal, the largest church in North America, was built in 1829. It is located in the center of the old city of Montreal, opposite Darm Square. It is said that Notre Dame Cathedral was built according to the style of Notre Dame de Paris in France, so people affectionately call it "Notre Dame de Paris Minor", and it is also called the largest church in North America. Unique Gothic Catholic Church. Two towering towers stand on the front of Notre Dame Cathedral, which looks like a Gothic castle. The middle part is slightly lower, with a cross of the Holy Spirit on the top, and a statue of the Virgin beneath. The three pointed arched doors in front of the church door are solemn and mysterious.

Royal Hill Park

Mont Royal Park

Montreal Royal Hill Park In the center of the city, it is composed of three continuous mountains. The highest mountain is only 233 meters high, but because of its important geographical location in Montreal, the top of Royal Hill Park is the highest point in Montreal. The park was built in 1876 and covers an area of 101 hectares. It was planned by Frederick Law Olmste, a famous architect who designed the Central Park in New York. Although the park is small, it has a pleasant scenery.

Standing at Royal Hill The buildings in the whole city center will have a panoramic view of mountains, rivers, urban areas and even distant Olympic Stadium 。 Montreal architecture is famous for the contrast between the old and the new, skyscrapers and the old catholic church Side by side. Many ancient Catholic churches, such as Notre Dame Basilica 、 Saint Joseph Cathedral Etc. Modern architecture includes Montreal Metro And skyscrapers, such as Ieoh Ming Pei Established in 1962 Place Ville-Marie large building.

Botanical Garden

Montreal Botanical Garden

The Montreal Botanical Garden was built in 1931, proposed by Canadian botanist Mari Wickrowling, and designed and completed by botanist and horticulturist Henry Teuscher respectively. The Montreal Botanical Garden covers an area of 185 mu. The garden is mainly French garden style. It is divided into 10 greenhouses and 30 outdoor parks with different themes. The garden is rich in plant species, reaching more than 22000. The Montreal Botanical Garden is the second largest botanical garden in the world after the London Botanical Garden and the largest botanical garden in North America.

Museum of Modern Art

Montreal Museum of Modern Art

The Montreal Museum of Modern Art was established by the Quebec government in 1964. The museum has a collection of nearly 6000 art works, and also exhibits the works of other international artists and Canadian contemporary artists. The purpose of the museum is to promote and preserve the art works of Canadian contemporary artists and other intangible cultural art works. At the same time, the Montreal Museum of Modern Art is also the only cultural institution in Canada designed for both visual arts and performing arts, with a variety of performance forms and contents, providing contemporary music, dance, experimental theater, etc. In addition, the Montreal International Film Festival, the annual film carnival, is held here. The museum has two buildings in total, facing each other across the street. The museum located on the East Street has many fine European paintings, while the museum located on the West Street has many fine European paintings on display Canada Modern artists Works. The two museums are connected by a long underground passage. The designer also skillfully uses the space structure to display ancient cultural relics from India, Japan, China, Persia and other ancient civilizations on both sides of the passage.

habitat

Montreal Habitat

In 1967, Montreal, Quebec, hosted the 1967 World Expo, one of the largest and most successful world expositions in the 20th century. As housing is one of the themes of this World Expo, the architect Moshe Safdie has been entrusted to build a large-scale residential complex, first for visiting dignitaries, and second for residents of Montreal. The habitat designed by Safdie Architects was a real architectural masterpiece at that time, which not only provided an apartment community that could communicate with each other, but also ensured the privacy and independence of tenants.

Casino

Casino de Montreal

Founded in 1993, Montreal Casino is the largest casino in Canada. Its architectural predecessor is the French Exhibition Hall and Quebec Exhibition Hall at the 1967 Montreal World Expo. Later, a building connecting the two districts was built in two exhibition halls, connecting the two districts, which became the Montreal Casino composed of three buildings we saw a few days ago. Its property rights belong to Soci é t é des casinos du Qu é bec, a company legally operated by the Quebec provincial government, and all profits belong to the provincial government. This also enabled us to see the sponsor Loto Quebec in hundreds of large-scale events in Montreal, such as the International Film Festival, Jazz Festival, International Fireworks Festival, and some even named after them.

Old port

Old Port of Montreal

Montreal started from the trade of leather goods and timber in the early years. The old port is a place of origin, and many old buildings are well preserved around it. The old port is located on the bank of St. Lawrence River, with a length of 2.5 kilometers. There are four jetties deep into the river. Now it has no function of its early years, and has become a place for leisure and entertainment.

Dungeons

Montreal's underground city

Montreal Underground City refers to the comprehensive residential and commercial center underground near the city center. Also known as an indoor city, because not all parts are underground. The underground city is composed of tunnels more than 32 kilometers long and covering an area of 12 square kilometers, including 80% offices and 35% commercial area in the city center. Services include shopping malls, hotels, offices, banks, museums, seven subway stations, two railway stations, a long-distance bus terminal and a Bell Center. The underground city has more than 120 exits to welcome more than 500000 people in and out of the city. It is an ideal place to avoid severe winter and busy traffic.^[9]

Sister city

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leon (1979)	Shanghai (1985)	Hiroshima (1998)
Busan (2000)	Lucknow (2000)	Hanover (2004)
Manila (2005)	Paris (2006)	Athens (2008)

City Honor

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City of Design

On May 12, 2006, Montreal was UNESCO Specify as“ City of Design ”。^[1]

Best City for Studying Abroad

In 2017, QS, a British higher education survey agency, released the latest ranking of cities studying abroad based on the cost of living, learning experience, employment prospects, and environmental friendliness, and Montreal rose 6 places to the first place. although University of Montreal Bad reputation London and Paris However, students' nightlife, friendliness and relatively low cost of living make Montreal top the list.^[3]

In November 2018, the ranking of world cities was released, and Montreal entered the ranks of the world's first tier cities.^[10]

On December 26, 2019, it ranked No. 39 in the 2019 Global Top 500 Cities.^[11]

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