Leiden bottle

A device for storing static electricity

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Leiden bottle (English: Leyden jar) static electricity The first installation of the device, Pieter van Musschenbroek (1692-1761) Netherlands Of Leiden on trial. In its original form capacitor Leyden bottle was used as a power supply source for electrical experiments, and also an important foundation for electrical research. The invention of Leiden bottle marks the beginning of research on the nature and characteristics of electricity.

Chinese name: Leiden bottle
Foreign name: Leyden jar

Composition: Glass bottles
Place of Invention: Leiden City
Nature: capacitor

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Leiden bottle (English: Leyden jar) static electricity The first installation of the device, Pieter van Musschenbroek (1692-1761) Netherlands Of Leiden on trial. In its original form capacitor , Leiden bottles were used as electrical science The power supply source of the experiment is also an important foundation for electrical research. The invention of Leiden bottle marks the beginning of research on the nature and characteristics of electricity.^[1]

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A typical Leiden bottle is a Glass The container is covered with conductive metal foil inside and outside as the electrode plate. A sphere is connected to the top of the bottle mouth electrode The lower end is connected with the inner metal foil or water by a conductor (usually a metal chain). The charging method of Leiden bottle is to connect the electrode Electrostatic generator Or starting panel and other sources, external metal foil grounding; The metal inside and outside will carry the same charge but opposite polarity.^[1]

capacitor

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capacitor (Capacitor) is a circuit component with insulating medium between two metal plates. Its unit is Farad , the symbol is F. The capacitor uses the electric field To store energy , carried by two conductors charge Equal in size but opposite in sign.

The capacitor includes two electrode The charge stored by the two electrodes is equal, but the symbols are opposite. The electrode itself is a conductor insulator (or called Dielectric ） Dielectric , insulated metal separation. This kind of metal sheet usually uses aluminum sheet or aluminum foil. If aluminum oxide is used as the dielectric, it is an electrolytic capacitor. The charge will be stored on the electrode surface, near the dielectric part. Since the charge stored by the two electrodes is equal in size and opposite in sign, the capacitor is always electrically neutral.
In the figure below, the dielectric molecule rotates due to the influence of electric field, and the reverse electric field is generated after rotation, so the original electric field is partially offset. This effect is called Electrowinning 。^[1]

static electricity

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static electricity yes charge The phenomenon caused by the unbalanced distribution in the material system. Rub with fur amber 、 silk friction Glass Bar and other methods can make objects charged. After the object is charged, the charge will remain on the object unless it is removed by other objects, so it is called "static electricity". Static electricity and electric current The latter is an electrical phenomenon caused by the directional movement of the charge in the conductor. Charged objects tend to attract small and light objects (such as paper scraps). stay to copy Air filtration, printing, painting and other fields have the characteristics of using static electricity.^[1]

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